Environmental Microbiome最新文献

{"title":"Effects of rock phosphate on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-associated bacterial communities and their contribution to phosphorus acquisition in leek.","authors":"Zakaria Lahrach, Jean Legeay, Bulbul Ahmed, Mohamed Hijri","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00934-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00934-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inter-kingdom interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance fertilizer use efficiency in agroecosystems. Here, we investigated the effects of rock phosphate amendment and AMF inoculation on phosphorus (P) nutrition in leek (Allium porrum L.), as well as on bacterial communities associated with AMF extraradical mycelium. A bi-compartmental microcosm was used to disentangle root-derived effects from those mediated by AMF mycelium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis significantly increased total plant biomass (p < 0.001), while rock phosphate amendment enhanced arbuscule abundance in roots (p = 0.03), leading to higher shoot P content (p = 0.013) and photosynthetic activity (p < 0.0001). Because rock phosphate was the sole P source, these results indicate that P solubilized in the soil was translocated to the host plant via the mycorrhizal pathway. Rock phosphate amendment also significantly altered the composition of bacterial communities associated with AMF mycelium (p = 0.01). Across treatments, bacterial assemblages were dominated by Planctomycetota, Pseudomonadota, Chloroflexota, and Bacillota, with enrichment of Planctomyces and Gemmata in AMF mycelium, and Planctomyces, Gemmata, and Bacillus in soil. The core bacteriome associated with R. irregularis was primarily composed of Planctomycetota and Bacillota, taxa known to form biofilms on AMF extraradical hyphae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate the pivotal role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in enhancing P acquisition from rock phosphate and provide new insights into AMF-bacteria interactions that are relevant for developing sustainable fertilization strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: The invisible architects: microbial communities and their transformative role in soil health and global climate changes.","authors":"Sajid Iqbal, Farida Begum, Benedictor Alexander Nguchu, Uzabakiriho Pierre Claver, Peter Shaw","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00930-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00930-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond detection: unveiling microbial dynamics in oak seedlings using fungal isolation and amplicon sequencing.","authors":"Lucie Frejlichová, María Mercedes Maldonado-González, Petr Škarpa, Michal Tomšovský, Aleš Eichmeier","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00929-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00929-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Forest nurseries are critical for producing resilient nursery stock for reforestation and planting of ornamental trees, yet the microbial communities associated with nursery grown plants remain poorly characterized. Quercus robur L. seedlings from seven Czech forest nurseries were analyzed to assess microbial diversity, co-occurrence patterns, and environmental drivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microbial communities were characterized using fungal ITS2 and bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, fungal isolation, and comprehensive soil chemistry. HTAS revealed broader taxonomic and functional profiles compared to isolation, which selectively enriched for fast growing pathogens. Both methods were found to be complementary, emphasizing the value of methodological integration. Fungal communities exhibited pronounced site specific beta diversity and responded to inorganic soil parameters, particularly calcium, phosphorus, and pH/CaCl₂. Bacterial communities were more spatially cohesive and primarily associated with humification related factors. Trends in fungal alpha diversity were observed in relation to organic matter fractions (e.g., C_ox, D_H). SparCC genus level association analyses revealed high magnitude compositional association patterns, but no network edges remained significant after FDR correction; these patterns are therefore interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis generating rather than as evidence of direct microbial interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mineral soil properties were associated with microbial community structure and fungal trophic composition. Despite standardized nursery conditions, edaphic variability exerted strong filtering effects on fungal and bacterial communities. These findings provide ecological insight into seedling microbe interactions and offer a basis for microbiome informed nursery management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic microbial communities derived from native niches enhance the high-temperature adaptability of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings.","authors":"Lin Chen, Guoli Hua, Lei Pu, Nianhui Cai, Junrong Tang, Dejin Mu, Yulan Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00924-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00924-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiome rewilding hypothesis suggests that understanding and reconstructing the microbial communities lost through domestication is vital for enhancing seedling quality and adaptability. Therefore, we investigated the structure and assembly of symbiotic microbial communities associated with Pinus yunnanensis, the most significant conifer species in southwestern China, and its dwarf variant, P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea. Subsequently, the functions of these microbes were characterized by inoculating dominant microbes and constructing synthetic communities, and examined their colonization status post-inoculation using amplicon sequencing. The results indicate that: (a) microbial communities are primarily differentiated by niche (soil, roots, needles), followed by geographical location, while trunk form variation has a minimal impact; (b) fungi are influenced by both chemistry and geographical factors, showing dispersion limitation, while bacteria are mainly affected by chemistry, exhibiting homogeneous diffusion; (c) single endophyte inoculation has a neutral to slightly negative impact on seedling growth but enhances resistance to high temperatures; (d) synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), constructed based on the strains' origin and initial functional screening, enhanced seedling growth and provided better protection against high-temperature stress than single strains. (e) one SynCom (SC5), composed of the dominant root isolates Phialocephala sp. (Fun6) and Paraburkholderia sp. (Bac7), significantly increased total seedling biomass by 62% and improved thermotolerance. These findings enhance our understanding of the symbiotic microbial communities of P. yunnanensis and demonstrate the potential of using specific SynComs, such as SC5, as bio-inoculants to improve seedling quality and stress tolerance in nursery production.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA and RNA metabarcoding reveal shared dominant seed-borne fungi.","authors":"Iva Franić, Patrick Sherwood, Kinga Stolarek, René Eschen, Jana Orbach, Simone Prospero, Michelle Cleary","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00923-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00923-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tree seeds harbor diverse fungal communities, including both pathogens and mutualists, that can influence plant health. These communities comprise living, metabolically active organisms as well as dormant or dead cells. Because only active fungi interact with their hosts, distinguishing active from inactive taxa is crucial, especially for environmental and phytosanitary monitoring. Traditional culturing methods capture living fungi but account for only a small fraction of the total fungal diversity. Currently, these methods are increasingly replaced by high-throughput DNA metabarcoding, which detects a broader range of taxa. However, DNA persists after cell death and occurs in dormant cells, preventing distinction between active and inactive fungi. In contrast, RNA metabarcoding may better reflect living fungal communities than the other two methods, though its use in assessing plant-associated fungi remains underexplored. We used culturing, DNA-, and RNA-based metabarcoding to compare fungal communities associated with seeds of three key European tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dominant fungal communities in seeds were strongly shaped by host species identity and were largely shared across DNA and RNA metabarcoding datasets, with roughly half of the most abundant genera detected by both methods. Differences between DNA- and RNA-derived communities were predominantly associated with rare taxa in the RNA dataset, although distinguishing true biological signals from noise introduced by different methodological workflows remains challenging. Several cultured genera, likely both abundant and metabolically active, were consistently detected by both approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the complementary nature of the three methods for characterising seed-associated fungi. Combining culturing, DNA- and RNA-based metabarcoding may provide the most comprehensive assessment of fungal diversity, while RNA metabarcoding alone offers a promising opportunity to identify the active members of fungal communities for improved environmental and phytosanitary monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing deterministic and stochastic assembly during needle aging shapes phyllosphere microbial community complexity and stability.","authors":"Bing Li, Mingyang Fu, Guangze Jin, Fuqiang Song, Zhili Liu, Nicolas Fanin","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00922-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00922-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phyllosphere microorganisms on leaf surfaces play key roles in maintaining plant productivity and health. The composition of phyllosphere microbial communities may vary during leaf aging, leading to changes in the complexity and stability of these communities. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying these varistions, particularly the relative contributions of deterministic (i.e., environmental filtering) and stochastic assembly processes (i.e., random dispersal and ecological drift) in shaping community dynamics, remain unclear.In this study, we collected 252 needle samples corresponding to three age cohorts from three representative evergreen coniferous species in natural mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forests throughout Northeast China. Needle traits were determined, and both phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities were assessed using amplicon sequencing.Our results showed that stochastic assembly dominated microbial communities, and the longer immigration periods contributed to increased microbial diversity and network complexity across needle age cohorts. Deterministic assembly became stronger for both bacterial and fungal communities during needle aging, which was closely related to the increased concentrations of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, resulting in gradually elevated community similarity. Microbial network stability decreased in older needles, primarily due to the lower modularity and fewer negative interactions among species.Our study provides comprehensive empirical evidence on the succession of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities across needle age cohorts, emphasizing the importance of a dynamic balance between deterministic assembly and stochastic assembly in shaping microbial communities during needle aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep metagenomics uncovers functional adaptations and pathogenic risks in the gut microbiome of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella).","authors":"Tingyi Lai, Yisi Liu, Zedong Duan, Shiyuan Su, Haitao Ding, Yufei Dai, Minhao Gao, Mukan Ji, Li Liao","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00919-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00919-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) plays a key role in the Antarctic marine ecosystem by regulating krill, fish, and cephalopod populations through selective foraging, promoting Southern Ocean productivity via excretion, and influencing coastal island ecosystems during breeding season. Despite the importance of the gut microbiota in reflecting diet, health, and environmental adaptation, the gut microbiome of the Antarctic fur seal remains poorly characterized. To address this gap and evaluate its potential as a bioindicator of Antarctic marine environmental health, we employed shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on fresh fecal samples collected from four Antarctic fur seals (designated S59, S62, S63, and S64) at King George Island, Western Antarctica. Despite inter-individual variation, both approaches identified Bacillota as the dominant phylum but showed genus-level discrepancies, with Fusobacterium prevailing in metagenomes and Clostridium in 16S amplicons. Viral communities constituted up to 5.3% of the microbiome, including an immunodeficiency-associated Lentivirus. Chitin-degrading capacity was ubiquitous, consistent with the host's krill-based diet. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) resolved distinct taxonomic contributions to discrete steps of chitin hydrolysis, suggesting that complete depolymerization requires metabolic cross-feeding among functionally complementary taxa. Notably, Helicobacter MAGs were abundant in individual S62, suggesting potential pathogenicity. Additionally, 16 antibiotic resistance gene types were detected, with bacitracin, polymyxin, and multidrug resistance dominating the resistome. These findings not only elucidate the community composition, functional potential, and ecological adaptation of the Antarctic fur seal gut microbiota but also establish a comprehensive baseline for assessing environmental change and human impacts on the Antarctic marine ecosystem, thereby offering valuable scientific data and methodological insights for the conservation of polar marine mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13419014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host genotype and edaphic factors shaped bacterial communities associated with native and endemic medicinal Artemisia species in arid environment.","authors":"Rezaul Karim, Jean Legeay, Mohamed Bammou, Mohamed Hijri, Bulbul Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00920-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00920-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant-associated microbiomes are key contributors to plant nutrition and stress tolerance, particularly in arid ecosystems where extreme abiotic conditions strongly shape plant-microbe interactions. Despite this, the abiotic drivers of microbiome assembly across different plant compartments in wild medicinal species from these environments remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated bacterial community structure across multiple niches, including bulk soil, rhizosphere, root, and shoot, in three wild Artemisia species (Artemisia herba-alba Asso., Artemisia negrei L., and Artemisia mesatlantica Maire), the latter two being endemic to arid regions of Morocco.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using amplicon sequencing, we observed diverse bacterial associations with each plant niche harboring distinct taxa. Host plant species significantly influenced bacteriome composition (p = 0.026), particularly in Artemisia mesatlantica, which hosted the most specific bacterial taxa compared to its other relatives. Plant compartment emerged as key drivers of belowground bacterial community assembly with additional structuring by host species and edaphic factors. Soil pH, calcium carbonate content, organic matter and electrical conductivity were strongly correlated with shifts in bacterial diversity and composition, emphasizing the role of soil physicochemical properties as an environmental filter under extreme alkaline and arid conditions. Despite these species- and environment-specific variations, a conserved core bacteriome was identified across all Artemisia species, and compartments except shoot, comprising of Bacillus, Microvirga and Rhizobium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that the interplay between host identity and soil properties orchestrates distinct, yet functionally coherent bacterial communities in wild Artemisia species. Bacterial taxa identified as core are well-known for their roles in plant growth promotion, biocontrol and production of bioactive secondary metabolites. The persistence of this core bacterium comprising of Bacillus, Microvirga and Rhizobium suggests a stable association across hosts and compartments, potentially reflecting conserved ecological roles, although functional contributions were not directly assessed in this study. Overall, our findings reveal how the interplay between soil properties and host identity shapes the assembly of distinct, yet compositionally consistent bacterial communities in wild medicinal Artemisia species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of keystone taxa shaping biocrust formation and biodeterioration of limestone monuments in the Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty.","authors":"Weijia Wang, Xiaofang Huang, Fasi Wu, Xiaobo Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00912-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00912-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The limestone monuments of the Rectangular Tower in the Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty, created in the mid-fourteenth century, are biodeteriorating from environmental exposure, resulting in the formation of black biocrusts. However, the microbiomes that shape biocrust formation and the biodeterioration processes involved remain unclear, significantly challenging the conservation of stone monuments at this archaeological site. Here, we systematically investigated the physicochemical properties and microbial communities of biocrusts to identify keystone taxa that shape their formation and biodeterioration. Physicochemical analysis indicated that biological crusts are associated with calcium mobilization and redistribution of the limestone monuments. Microscopy and spectroscopy indicated that microbial interactions with limestone promote the formation of biological crusts. Importantly, we observed the significant predominance of Cyanobacteria and/or Chloroflexi in biocrusts, suggesting that photosynthesis may be a crucial process in biocrust formation. Fungal communities in biocrusts were dominated by Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota, while archaeal communities were dominated solely by Nitrososphaerota. Microbial co-occurrence network and correlation analyses identified 12 keystone taxa across 11 genera that shape biocrust formation. Importantly, Scytonema spp. could provide organic carbon and nitrogen for Spirosomaceae spp., and members of the classes Cyanobacteriia and Agaricomycetes, as well as the genera Setophaeosphaeria and Plectosphaerella, are likely the keystone taxa responsible for both biocrust formation and the associated biodeterioration. Additionally, two predominant ammonia-oxidizing archaeal families (i.e., Nitrososphaeraceae and Candidatus Nitrocosmicus) could support chemolithoautotrophic growth in the microbiome by oxidizing ammonia and fixing carbon dioxide. Together, these findings underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate microbial biodeterioration of stone monuments during biocrust formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Season and soil properties structure bacterial communities in hyperacid (pH ≤ 2) fumarolic soils of the Tatun Volcanic Group.","authors":"Jia-Ho Shiu, Zi-Ting Lu, Ying-Ping Song, Meng-Che Hsieh, Min-Chun Liao, Yo-Chia Chen, Yu-Ting Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40793-026-00916-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40793-026-00916-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Volcanic fumaroles are extreme habitats with high temperatures, sulfur‑rich gases, and low pH, creating challenging niches for life. Soil microbiota in these environments remain underexplored, particularly at near‑vent sites with pH below 2. We characterized bacterial communities in hyperacid soils of Taiwan's Tatun Volcanic Group to examine how season and soil properties shape these communities. We sampled 39 soils and 8 hot spring waters from four fumaroles during dry and wet seasons. Soil pH, nutrients (nitrate, ammonium), organic matter, and altitude were recorded, and bacterial diversity was profiled via 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pseudomonadota overwhelmingly dominated the communities, followed by Bacillota and Actinomycetota. Wet-season soils displayed more homogeneous assemblages, whereas dry-season soils exhibited greater heterogeneity. Soil taxonomy and texture also modulated patterns, with Andisols supporting more consistent communities than Inceptisols. Environmental variables such as nitrate, ammonium, organic matter, and altitude correlated with community composition. Heatmap and network analyses highlighted Delftia and Pseudomonas as key taxa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extreme acidity and seasonal hydrology thus select for specialized bacterial assemblages in these fumarolic soils. These findings advance understanding of microbial adaptation to geochemical extremes and reveal how seasonal and edaphic factors structure communities, offering implications for biogeochemical cycling and astrobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48553,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}