Journal of Computer Languages最新文献_第10页

Introduction to the special issue on foundations and practice of visual modeling (FPVM) 《可视化建模的基础与实践》特刊导论

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101227

Amleto Di Salle , Ludovico Iovino , Alfonso Pierantonio , Juha-Pekka Tolvanen

引用次数: 0

Dandelion: A scalable, cloud-based graphical language workbench for industrial low-code development 蒲公英:用于工业低代码开发的可伸缩的、基于云的图形语言工作台

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101217

Francisco Martínez-Lasaca , Pablo Díez , Esther Guerra , Juan de Lara

{"title":"Dandelion: A scalable, cloud-based graphical language workbench for industrial low-code development","authors":"Francisco Martínez-Lasaca , Pablo Díez , Esther Guerra , Juan de Lara","doi":"10.1016/j.cola.2023.101217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2023.101217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is an increasing demand nowadays for low-code development platforms (LCDPs). As they rely heavily on graphical languages rather than writing code, these platforms enable citizen developers to participate in software development. However, creating new LCDPs is very costly, since it requires building support for graphical modelling and its integration with services like model validation, recommendation systems, or code generation. While Model-driven Engineering (MDE) has developed technologies to create these components, most of them are not cloud-based, as required by LCDPs. In particular, a cloud-based graphical workbench capable of providing the scalability required by industrial applications and adequately supporting technological heterogeneity is currently missing.</p><p>To fill this gap we introduce <em>Dandelion</em>, a cloud-based graphical language workbench for LCDPs built following an MDE approach. The tool handles model heterogeneity by using a harmonising meta-model to uniformly represent models from diverse technologies, and supports a customisable level of conformance between models and meta-models. Scalability is addressed by persisting models in a distributed, highly flexible database whose infrastructure is designed to conform to the harmonising meta-model, thus favouring model retrieval. Additionally, a customisable scalability component is introduced for lazy model loading.</p><p>This paper describes the concepts and principles behind the tool design and reports on an evaluation on large synthetic process mining models, and on domain-specific languages and large industrial models used within the UGROUND company, showing promising results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer Languages","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49891925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new versioning approach for collaboration in blended modeling 混合建模中用于协作的新版本控制方法

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101221

Joeri Exelmans , Jakob Pietron , Alexander Raschke , Hans Vangheluwe , Matthias Tichy

{"title":"A new versioning approach for collaboration in blended modeling","authors":"Joeri Exelmans , Jakob Pietron , Alexander Raschke , Hans Vangheluwe , Matthias Tichy","doi":"10.1016/j.cola.2023.101221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2023.101221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The complexity of modern software-intensive systems and the need for flexibility in their development process forces developers to collaborate using the most appropriate language(s) for each given task, view and component. Blended modeling is the ability to edit a model through multiple concrete syntaxes simultaneously.</p><p>To support collaborative blended modeling, we present a variation of operation-based versioning that allows bi-directional propagation of changes between concrete and abstract syntaxes. This allows us to support layout continuity between different versions, and to handle information that is not (yet) available (e.g., layout information) when rendering changes from abstract to concrete syntax. Finally, our approach does not enforce immediate conflict resolution. Rather, different merge options and their consequences can be presented to the users, who may choose to only perform partial conflict resolution, deferring final resolution till later.</p><p>In this article, we present the general approach and describe salient parts of an implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer Languages","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 101221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49891918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning with word embedding for detecting web-services anti-patterns 基于单词嵌入的机器学习检测web服务反模式

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101207

Lov Kumar , Sahithi Tummalapalli , Sonika Chandrakant Rathi , Lalita Bhanu Murthy , Aneesh Krishna , Sanjay Misra

{"title":"Machine learning with word embedding for detecting web-services anti-patterns","authors":"Lov Kumar , Sahithi Tummalapalli , Sonika Chandrakant Rathi , Lalita Bhanu Murthy , Aneesh Krishna , Sanjay Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.cola.2023.101207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2023.101207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Software design Anti-pattern is the common feedback to a recurring problem that is ineffective and has a high risk of failure. Early prediction of these Anti-patterns helps reduce the design process’s efforts, resources, and costs. In earlier research, static code or Web Service Description Language (WSDL) metrics were used to develop anti-pattern prediction models. These source code metrics are calculated at either file-level or system-level. So, the values of these metrics are frequently dependent on assumptions that are not defined or standardized and might vary depending on the tools available. This study aims to develop a machine learning-based Anti-patterns prediction model using natural language processing techniques for representing the WSDL file as an input. In this research, the four-word embedding methods have been used to process the WSDL file. The processed outputs are used as input to the models trained using thirty-three classifier techniques. This study also uses eight feature selection techniques to remove ineffective features and five data sampling techniques to handle the class imbalance nature of the datasets. The results indicate that the developed models using text metrics perform better than the static code or WSDL metrics. Additionally, the results suggest that selecting features using feature selection and balancing data using sampling techniques helps improve the models’ performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer Languages","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A methodology for refactoring ORM-based monolithic web applications into microservices 一种将基于ORM的单片web应用程序重构为微服务的方法

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101205

Francisco Freitas , André Ferreira , Jácome Cunha

{"title":"A methodology for refactoring ORM-based monolithic web applications into microservices","authors":"Francisco Freitas , André Ferreira , Jácome Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.cola.2023.101205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2023.101205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last few years we have been seeing a drastic change in the way software is developed. Large-scale software projects are being assembled by a flexible composition of many (small) components possibly written in different programming languages and deployed anywhere in the cloud — the so-called microservices-based applications.</p><p>The dramatic growth in popularity of microservices-based applications has pushed several companies to apply major refactorings to their software systems. However, this is a challenging task that may take several months or even years.</p><p>We propose a methodology to automatically evolve monolithic web applications that use object-relational mapping into microservices-based ones. Our methodology receives the source code and a microservices proposal and refactors the original code to create each microservice. Our methodology creates an API for each method call to classes that are in other services. The database entities are also refactored to be included in the corresponding service. The evaluation performed in 120 applications shows that our tool can successfully refactor about 72% of them. The execution of the unit tests in both versions of the applications yield exactly the same results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer Languages","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

API comparison knowledge extraction via prompt-tuned language model API比较知识的快速语言模型提取

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101200

Yangrui Yang, Yaping Zhu, Sisi Chen, Pengpeng Jian

{"title":"API comparison knowledge extraction via prompt-tuned language model","authors":"Yangrui Yang, Yaping Zhu, Sisi Chen, Pengpeng Jian","doi":"10.1016/j.cola.2023.101200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2023.101200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are frequent in software engineering domain texts, such as API references and Stack Overflow. These APIs and the comparison knowledge between them are not only important for solving programming issues (e.g., question answering), but they are also organized into structured knowledge to support many software engineering tasks (e.g., API misuse detection). As a result, extracting API comparison knowledge (API entities and semantic relations) from texts is essential. Existing rule-based and sequence labeling-based approaches must manually enumerate all linguistic patterns or label a large amount of data. Therefore, they involve a significant labor overhead and are exacerbated by morphological and common-word ambiguity. In contrast to matching or labeling API entities and relations, we formulates heterogeneous API extraction and API relation extraction tasks as a sequence-to-sequence generation task. It proposes APICKnow, an API entity-relation joint extraction model based on the large language model. To improve our model’s performance and quick learning ability, we adopt the prompt learning method to stimulate APICKnow to recognize API entities and relations. We systematically evaluate APICKnow on a set of sentences from Stack Overflow. The experimental results show that APICKnow can outperform the state-of-the-art baselines, and APICKnow has a quick learning ability and strong generalization ability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer Languages","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

React example viability for efficient API learning (REVEAL): A tool to help programmers utilize incompatible code examples in React.js 高效API学习的React示例可行性（REVEAL）：帮助程序员利用React.js中不兼容代码示例的工具

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101201

John Allen, Caitlin Kelleher

引用次数: 0

A systematic literature review on automatic website generation 关于网站自动生成的系统文献综述

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101202

Thisaranie Kaluarachchi, Manjusri Wickramasinghe

{"title":"A systematic literature review on automatic website generation","authors":"Thisaranie Kaluarachchi, Manjusri Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.cola.2023.101202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2023.101202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since machine learning became a prominent feature in the modern-day computing landscape, the urge to automate processes has increased. One such process of particular interest has been the automatic generation of websites based on user intention. Though the requirement of such automatic generation is a modern-day need, the quality of the automatic generation still provides a unique set of challenges. As such, to analyze these unique challenges and viable opportunities in automatic website generation, this survey systematically reviews research on the topics of automatic website generation. The analysis initially segments state-of-the-art into three categories based on the dominant strategy used for automatic generation. These strategies are examples-based, mock-up-driven, and artificial intelligence-driven automatic website generation. When considering the example-based strategy, the emphasis is on analyzing how manual design aspects of a professionally developed website are incorporated into generation models and the challenges that arise. Similarly, transformation methods from website visual design into functional GUI code are investigated for the mock-up-driven strategy with a particular reference to the six underlying conversion mechanisms. Finally, artificial intelligence website builders are analyzed based on their ability to build customizable websites to user preferences. Based on this systematic review of 47 research works on the three dominant strategies, this survey outlines unique challenges and future research endeavors that researchers would encounter when developing models that generate websites automatically and provides insights to researchers on selecting a website generation strategy based on user intention appropriately.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer Languages","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A visual notation for succinct program traces 简洁程序跟踪的可视化表示法

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101199

Divya Bajaj , Martin Erwig , Danila Fedorin

引用次数: 0

Handling complex representations in visual modeling tools for MDSD/DSM by means of code generator languages 通过代码生成器语言处理MDSD/DSM可视化建模工具中的复杂表示

IF 2.2 3区计算机科学

Journal of Computer Languages Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cola.2023.101208

Verislav Djukić , Aleksandar Popović

{"title":"Handling complex representations in visual modeling tools for MDSD/DSM by means of code generator languages","authors":"Verislav Djukić , Aleksandar Popović","doi":"10.1016/j.cola.2023.101208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cola.2023.101208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Constructing languages and tools for modeling is an intellectual effort that addresses challenges related to linguistic theory. It requires a high level of creativity and understanding between software engineers and language and domain experts. It is important to consider the context of language application, or the main goal of the work, at the beginning of the language construction process. A new language is not created instantaneously, but rather through a process of iteratively refining the definition of its elements in interaction with the real-world context in which it will be applied. From a pragmatic standpoint, the best way to ensure the correctness of a language’s semantics is to verify it using a reference implementation, although different approaches may be used to describe the semantics of the language. In this paper, we share our experience in developing new and extending the existing functionalities of tools for visual domain-specific modeling to simplify reference implementation. We demonstrate how the code generator language, with minor extensions, can be used for it. Visual modeling tools in MDSD and DSM pay more attention to the graphical representation of objects, and less to relations, roles, and properties. In our platform, objects, roles, and relations are all derived from the same base class, which allows us to distinguish between fifteen different model representation types, ranging from view on the model topology to complex 3D views.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer Languages","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2