Российская оториноларингология最新文献

{"title":"Method of cochlear implantation of patients at risk of facial nerve stimulation","authors":"V. E. Kuzovkov, A. S. Lilenko, S. B. Sugarova, V. A. Tanaschishina, I. I. Chernushevich, D. S. Klyachko","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-4-32-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-4-32-37","url":null,"abstract":"The reaction of the facial nerve during stimulation of one of the electrodes of the cochlear implant system is a fairly common complication that can lead to a deterioration in the patient’s quality of life due to significant discomfort and restrictions of the use of the cochlear implant system. Anatomical features of the cochlea, its syntopy with the facial nerve, changes in the bone labyrinth play a significant role in the development of symptoms of facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss, even at the stage of rehabilitation after cochlear implantation (CI). The selection of a CI candidate with a high predisposition of FNS and their subsequent rehabilitation, due to a number of circumstances, requires an individual approach from both the surgical team and the audiologist who adjusts the speech processor of the cochlear implantation system. To date, no methods have been proposed for performing preventive FNS measures at the surgical stage of CI. In this regard, a method for the prevention of facial nerve stimulation of FNS for patients with a high risk of this complication has been developed on the basis of Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose, and Speech.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of netosis activity of leukocytes in patients with chronic tonsillitis","authors":"A. Yu. Kurbanova, V. I. Egorov, D. V. Kassina, I. A. Vasilenko","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-4-38-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-4-38-47","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion of patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT) who visit otorhinolaryngologists in outpatient practice ranges from 4 to 35%. Increasingly, opportunistic microflora acts as a source of inflammation. An aggravating factor in the development of a chronic focus of inflammation is a change in the activity of the immune response. A few years ago, a new mechanism of behavior of human phagocytic cells in the implementation of nonspecific immunoreactivity was discovered – that is, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), associated with the adoption of a suicidal decision by the cells, in which chromatin is deconcentrated, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NEТs) are formed, which are released into the surrounding tissues for capturing pathogens and exposing them to high doses of antimicrobial proteins and enzymes. The significance of this immune mechanism and its role in the pathogenesis of СT remains unexplored. To date, laboratory methods for assessing the health status of patients with CT demonstrate insufficient specificity and accuracy. It remains relevant to develop a method for examining CT patients, which would allow the doctor to clearly establish the form of the disease, select the treatment, and adequately assess the health of the patient with CT during the follow-up care. Such a method, in our opinion, can be an assessment of the level of NETs in the blood and on the surface of the lacunae of the palatine tonsils (PT). 71 patients (median 38±9.86 years) were examined. The control group consisted of 54 practically healthy volunteers (median 38±10,9 years). The NETosis activity of leukocytes was evaluated in parallel in whole blood and smears from the surface of the lacunae of the PT. The data obtained indicate the undeniable diagnostic significance of the NETosis activity, considering the presence of a direct relationship with the form of CT. Therefore, the assessment of the level of NETosis can be proposed as a promising laboratory criterion for the severity of the patient’s condition, predicting the course of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135712598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological anatomy of hypoplastic sphenoid sinuses","authors":"S. L. Kabak, Yu. M. Mel’nichenko, N. A. Savrasova, N. V. Zhuravleva","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-4-13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-4-13-19","url":null,"abstract":"The degree of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus varies in different individuals, including the absence of air cavities in the body of the bone or their hypoplasia. Such options are quite rare, they should be considered when planning and choosing a method of surgical treatment. Objective. To classify sphenoid sinuses of unusual size and shape. Patients and methods. The data of cone-beam computed tomography of 16 patients aged 22 to 70 years with dental and ENT pathology, who had an unusual size and shape of the sphenoid sinuses, were studied in order to classify them. On axial scans, the maximum transverse size (width, diameter) of the sinus was measured. On parasagittal scans, the position of the posterior wall of each sphenoid sinus relative to the sella turcica was assessed, and the distance to the plane drawn through the anterior wall of the sella turcica was also measured. Results. There were 13 cases of unilateral and 3 cases of bilateral hypoplasia of the sphenoid sinus. Bilateral hypoplasia is a rare variant of individual variability. With unilateral hypoplasia, the contralateral air cavity may not extend beyond the body of the sphenoid bone or extend into other parts of it or adjacent structures. Conclusion. When diagnosing unilateral hypoplasia of the sphenoid sinus, one should not only consider its distance from the anterior wall of the Turkish saddle but also correlate the absolute dimensions of the two air cavities.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135317619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive approach to treatment of tinnitus in patients of older age group","authors":"T. Yu. Vladimirova, L. V. Aizenshtadt, M. V. Shelykhmanova","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-32-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-32-39","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the problem of treating elderly patients with subjective tinnitus is gaining momentum, and there is no single universal approach to its solution. A personalized approach to the patient, including an assessment of the state of tone of the autonomic nervous system, can help identify and correct sympathicotonia in patients as one of the causes of tinnitus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of auricular percutaneous electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve for the treatment of tinnitus in patients of older age groups with sympathicotonia. The study involved 55 people (aged 60 to 85 years), of which 25 patients underwent physiotherapy in combination with drug therapy (main group), and 30 patients, exclusively drug treatment (control group). The assessment of the strength of subjective ear noise, the tone of the autonomic nervous system, the results of the THI (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory) questionnaire, the qualitative characteristics of hearing according to the Russian version of the ESIT-SQ (European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire) in the study groups showed that patients of the main group were 60% more likely to have a positive effect of treatment according to the studied indicators.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135210818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of vestibular dysfunction in patients with vestibular neuritis","authors":"E. A. Manaenkova, N. L. Kunel’skaya","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-51-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-51-55","url":null,"abstract":"Vestibular VN (VN) is the third most common in the structure of peripheral vestibulopathies. The study of the features of damage to peripheral vestibular receptors in vestibular neuritis using instrumental research methods (video head impulse test, registration of VEMPs) allows us to develop factors associated with the preservation of persistent peripheral vestibular hypofunction after the disease. On the basis of Sverzhevky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology examined 77 patients with vestibular neuritis (age 44,2±12,3 years, of which 37 were men, the duration of the disease until the moment of treatment was 3,2 ±1,7 days). There was a higher prevalence of total VN compared to superior VN (57 and 43%, respectively). Violation of the function of otolith receptors according to the data of registration of VEMPs was recorded in 46% (n = 35) patients with VN. The dynamics of vestibular function recovery in patients with superior VN was better than in patients with total VN (73 and 45%, respectively). Damage to otolith receptors detected by the method of registration of VEMPs was associated with worse dynamics of restoration of vestibular function in patients with vestibular neuronitis (p < 0,05).","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential diagnosis of ceruminoma of external auditory canal","authors":"M. A. Zavalii, V. E. Kuzovkov, T. G. Filonenko, O. A. Lashko, T. M. Shipitsyna","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-75-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-75-81","url":null,"abstract":"In modern otorhinolaryngology, the problem of tumor diseases of the outer ear is relevant due to their diversity and insufficient knowledge. The aim of the work is to reveal the problem of differential diagnosis of ceruminoma of the external auditory canal, which causes difficulties due to the low frequency of occurrence and the absence of pathognomonic symptoms. Ceruminoma is a benign, slowly growing tumor of the sulfur glands. The article presents a clinical analysis of the case of a patient with ceruminoma. Diagnosis and choice of surgical treatment technique required certain efforts and the need for differential diagnosis. According to the result of CT scan of the temporal bones and brain with contrast, the doctor of radiation diagnostics suspected a glomus tumor of the left external auditory canal. Given the atypical localization and clinical picture, an additional MRI with intravenous contrast was performed. As a result of the differential diagnostic search, a clinical diagnosis was established: a benign neoplasm of the external auditory canal on the left, presumably ceruminous adenoma. The patient underwent successful surgical treatment. The result of the pathological and histological examination allowed us to confirm the diagnosis. Thus, ceruminoma is a rare neoplasm of the external auditory canal. The absence of specific clinical manifestations, complaints in the initial stages makes early diagnosis difficult. To make a diagnosis, the degree of germination and to determine the tactics of surgical treatment, it is necessary to conduct radiation diagnostics: CT and MRI of the temporal bones with an adequate interpretation of the results. An analysis of the results of morphological methods for examining the surgical material allows both verifying neoplasms and determining the prospects for a long-term postoperative period.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo","authors":"I. I. Borodulina, Yu. V. Karakulova, A. M. Elovikov, N. V. Voronchikhina","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-26-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-26-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of assessing the psychoemotional status and the content of serotonin in peripheral blood in patients with the most common cause of systemic peripheral vertigo–benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). 35 patients with otolithiasis accompanied by BPPV were examined. The control group of the study consisted of 15 healthy individuals. The assessment of the psychoemotional status and the level of quality of life of patients was carried out using specialized scales and questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the CES-D Questionnaire Scale (depression), the Spielberger–Hanin test (situational and personal anxiety), a questionnaire to identify signs of autonomic changes (Vane A. M., 1998), Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire (VRBQ). Quantitative determination of serotonin (ng/mL) in peripheral blood serum was carried out by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical data processing was carried out using the program Statistica 10.0 (USA). In the conducted study, clinically significant signs of anxiety and depression according to the HADS and CES-D scales were not detected in patients with BPPV, a moderate level of reactive and personal anxiety was observed according to the Spielberger–Hanin test. There was a significant decrease in the quality of life (48.6%). A significant decrease in the level of peripheral blood serotonin was revealed in BPPV, a statistically significant correlation with the indicator of personal anxiety of this group of patients was obtained. Features of personal and reactive anxiety (as a background state) in patients with BPPV should be considered as a risk of developing functional dizziness. It is likely that a decrease in serotonin in the blood serum may contribute to the pathogenetic mechanisms of vertigo, considering the diverse connections of the serotonergic and vestibular functional systems. The results obtained require further research.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135211065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare clinical case: peritoneal metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of epiglottis","authors":"A. A. Paratovskaya, M. Yu. Agapov, D. A. Alekseeva, N. V. Aleshina, T. F. Savost’yanov","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-82-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-82-85","url":null,"abstract":"Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that affects many anatomical sites and is the most common cancer capable of metastatic disease. The usual localization of the spread of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is regional-cervical lymphadenopathy. The lungs are the most common site of distant metastases (77%). The etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck most commonly involves tobacco use and alcohol abuse. The clinical picture may be different, depending on the localization of the process and its extent of damage. Patients with a supraglottic mass may present with dysphonia, odynophagia, dysphagia, and hemoptysis. The article presents a case of an epiglottis tumor in a 50-year-old patient who underwent surgical and chemoradiotherapy. With subsequent progression, control positron emission tomography revealed a mass in the abdominal cavity, which was successfully verified using endosonography with fine needle aspiration biopsy and regarded as a rare localization of metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis. Modern technologies and a multidisciplinary approach have made it possible to diagnose and morphologically confirm the pathological process in a minimally invasive way.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134979803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19","authors":"A. I. Nerovnyi, I. G. Panchenko, M. V. Morenko, A. V. Fedin, E. V. Polyukhov, A. V. Sycheva","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-8-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-8-14","url":null,"abstract":"Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is characterized by a severe course and is one of the late complications in patients who have undergone COVID-19. For the successful treatment of this disease, the earliest possible diagnosis and the appointment of specific conservative therapy in combination with surgical intervention are necessary. Objective. To study the risk factors for the development of invasive mycoses, the clinical manifestations of this pathology, and the results of its treatment in patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2. Research methods. Retrospective analysis of the case histories of 25 patients with mucormycosis. Demographic, subjective, and objective data (medical history, complaints, endoscopic examination), radiological techniques (CT scans), histological, microscopic and cultural studies as well as the results of medical and surgical treatment were analyzed. Result of the study. Groups of patients with comorbid pathology, potentially predisposed to the development of this disease, as well as groups of drugs, the use of which predisposes to the risk of developing mucormycosis, were identified. Conclusion. The predisposing background to the development of mucormycosis is hyperglycemic conditions and the use of high doses of corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics as part of the COVID-19 treatment protocol. According to epidemiological data, the largest number of cases of invasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis coincided with the highly virulent SARS-CoV-2 delta strain. Early initiation of specific antifungal therapy combined with surgery results in more effective treatment.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone resorption markers in the diagnosis of acute destructive mastoiditis","authors":"Sh. M. Aliev, V. P. Shpotin, V. A. Saidulaev, I. D. Mukhmadov, A. K. Nuralieva, V.-Kh. A. Saidulaev","doi":"10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-3-15-19","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to identify an inflammatory destruction of bone tissue in the early stages in acute mastoiditis. In the available medical literature, there is no information on the use of laboratory markers of bone resorption and bone formation for the diagnosis of acute destructive mastoiditis. Objective of the study. To analyze the diagnostic value of serum deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin levels in biological fluids in acute destructive mastoiditis. Materials and methods. There were 43 patients on treatment, urgently hospitalized with acute mastoiditis diagnosis (Н70.0). The concentration of deoxypyridinoline in the urine and osteocalcin in the blood were determined in all the patients. The biomaterials are taken from the patients on the day of their hospitalization and before their discharge. A score rating system was used to interpret the results of the laboratory study. Results. Analysis of obtained laboratory data has shown a connection between the degree of bone destruction and the levels of the bone resorption markers. The patients with the bone destruction had high titers, especially patients with an inflammation spreading to surrounding topographic areas and with developing intracranial complications. Conclusions. Measuring of levels of markers of bone resorption and bone formation allows optimizing a treatment of patients with an acute mastoiditis on account of early diagnosis of temporal bone destruction, preventing attempts of ineffective conservative treatment, timely determining the indications for surgery with planning of its appropriate volume.","PeriodicalId":485440,"journal":{"name":"Российская оториноларингология","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}