Žiznʹ zemli最新文献

{"title":"“TRUE SEEKER OF THE MOUNTAINS SOUL” AND THE WEALTH OF THE “LAKE OF MOUNTAIN SPIRITS”: G. I. CHOROS-GURKIN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 101-YEAR HISTORYOF THE SANATORIUM “UZKOE”","authors":"Natalya Trubetskaya","doi":"10.29003/m3561.0514-7468.2023_45_3/462-475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29003/m3561.0514-7468.2023_45_3/462-475","url":null,"abstract":"The article turns to one of the most interesting pages in the 101-year history of the sanatorium “Uzkoe” (Federal Research and Clinical Center of Reanimatology and Rehabilitation) through the prism of the life and creative activity of the outstanding Altai artist Grigory Ivanovich Choros-Gurkin (1870-1937). His “Altai” (or «Lake of mountain spirits») painting created in 1916 for the honorary Academician Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov (1854-1946) are one of the brightest pearls of the art collection of the sanatorium “Uzkoe”. Both behind the plot of the painting, where the ancient Oirot legend is intertwined with the comprehension of the secrets of science, and behind the process of creation and the further fate of the canvas itself, an amazing story is hidden which to this day, revealing new facets, disturbs the inquisitive mind of researchers. The main role in this story will belong to “reason and solid analysis”.","PeriodicalId":485425,"journal":{"name":"Žiznʹ zemli","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135204365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USAGE AND PRESERVATION OF LAND AND SOIL FERTILITY IS A MATTER OF STATE (TO THE 75TH ANNIVERSARYOF THE STATE PLAN FOR NATURE TRANSFORMATION)","authors":"Ilya Trofimov, Lyudmila Trofimova, Elena Yakovleva, Nikolai Rybalsky, Yevgeniy Muravyeva, Valeriy Snakin, Aleksey Yemelyanov, Elena Skripnikova","doi":"10.29003/m3554.0514-7468.2023_45_3/379-388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29003/m3554.0514-7468.2023_45_3/379-388","url":null,"abstract":"The fulfillment of the tasks set by the 1949-1965 State Plan for Nature Transformation became the work of the whole country. Its goal was the development of sustainable agriculture in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the European part of the USSR. It is an example of a responsible state attitude to the use and preservation of our lands and soil fertility. The State Plan for nature transformation was bases on the integrated reclamation of agricultural landscapes using a scientific systematic approach to the objects of research and management. State authorities, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, scientists from dozens of universities and research institutes, ministries, 80 thousand collective farms, 2 thousand state farms, and 3 thousand machine tractor stations took an active part in the organization and large-scale implementation of protective afforestation and the development of a grass-field farming system. The plan provided for the creation of 8 large state forest strips with a total length of 5,320 km, located along floodplains and watersheds of the Volga, Dnieper, Don, Ural, Seversky Donets rivers etc.; protective forest plantations in the fields of collective farms and state farms; consolidation and afforestation of sands on an area of 322 thousand ha; the introduction and development of a system of field and fodder grass-field crop rotations; and the creation of over 44 thousand ponds and reservoirs. Over the 5 years of the plan's implementation, more than 2.3 million ha of forest plantations have been planted in the country; an ecological framework of agricultural landscapes has been created on agricultural lands; over 13 thousand ponds and reservoirs have been created. The prototype of the scientific basis of the State Plan for Nature Transformation was the works by V. V. Dokuchaev, V. R. Williams and V. I. Vernadsky on the conservation of land and soil fertility. The implementation of the plan stopped in 1953 and the development of virgin and fallow lands began. Currently, the state, scientists, society, regions and agricultural producers need combining their efforts in the rational usage of natural resources, the preservation of agricultural land and soil fertility for the present and future generations.","PeriodicalId":485425,"journal":{"name":"Žiznʹ zemli","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135204370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOSPHERIC ASPECTS OF SWAMPY SOIL FORMATION","authors":"Lidiya Inisheva","doi":"10.29003/m3551.0514-7468.2023_45_3/355-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29003/m3551.0514-7468.2023_45_3/355-362","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows that each period of the evolutionary process of the biosphere formation on Earth corresponds to one form of soil formation, namely: underwater (“hydrozemic”), swampy (“atmozemic”), and terrestrial (“lithozemic”). The ancient swamp soil formation is considered, in addition to biomass deposition, to take part in the formation of the oxygen-containing composition of the planet’s gaseous envelope and the release of organisms from the aquatic environment to land. It has been determined that the process of paludification and swamp soils in the past and at present did and do perform the same biospheric functions and should include the entire genetic profile up to the basal rock in the concept of “peat soil”. On the example of the central part of Western Siberia, the process of paludification in the Holocene period is considered. This process is defined as a single, irreversible, progressive process of conjugated changes in their biotic and abiotic components. This ensures autonomy in the development and preservation of mires as a special type of the biogeocenotic cover of Earth. It is shown that the differences in the mire complexes of different botanico-geographical zones and subzones reveal the chronological boundaries of the transformation of swamp biogeocenoses of eutrophic types into mesotrophic and oligotrophic ones. It has been determined that the process of paludification in the taiga zone of the West Siberian Plain is of aggressive nature and the expected warming is a temporary warm period in the interval of cyclical climate.","PeriodicalId":485425,"journal":{"name":"Žiznʹ zemli","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135204372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}