African Journal of Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cross-cultural adaptation of National Early Warning Score 2 to Angolan Portuguese","authors":"Esmael Tomás ,&nbsp;Ana Escoval ,&nbsp;Maria Lina Antunes","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To make a cross-cultural adaptation of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS 2) from English to Angolan Portuguese.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A methodological research of cross-cultural adaptation was conducted, involving sequential stages of forward translation, translation synthesis, back-translation, and the application of the Delphi Panel methodology for analyzing semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence between the translated and the original versions. This process culminated in the development of a pre-final version, which subsequently underwent testing in a cohort of nurses (<em>n</em> = 37). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was calculated to assess inter-rater reliability of ratings. Cronbach's alpha was used for evaluating the internal consistency and reliability within the items of the NEWS 2 score.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The cross-cultural adaptation process allowed us to prepare the final version of this tool. The data collected during the testing phase facilitated the examination of inter-rater reliability of ratings and the internal consistency and reliability within the items of the NEWS2 score. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient observed at this step was 0.992. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.993.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The cross-cultural adaptation of the NEWS 2 scoring system to Angolan Portuguese was successful, providing healthcare professionals in Angola with the means to effectively use the tool.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000247/pdfft?md5=e7cf68a2a14a940fa0ae25edb4245460&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000247-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UPESI: Swahili translation of the FAST acronym for stroke awareness campaigns in East Africa","authors":"Peter Kuria Waweru ,&nbsp;Elijah Yulu ,&nbsp;Sarah Shali Matuja ,&nbsp;Samwel Maina Gatimu","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Despite stroke being a leading cause of death and disability in sub-Saharan Africa, stroke awareness remains a major hurdle to early stroke response and care in the region. To improve stroke awareness, we endeavoured to borrow a leaf from initiatives in high-income countries, beginning with the translation and dissemination of the acronym, FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) to Swahili.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We formed a translation group consisting of two stroke physicians, one nurse and two professional translators, all native Swahili speakers. Forward translation of the original document from English to Swahili was done by one Swahili translator; followed by a backward translation by another translator. Clinician reviews and cognitive reviews were then done, and a final translation was developed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We developed the acronym UPESI, a Swahili translation of the word, FAST. The acronym stands for <strong><em>U</em></strong><em>so kupooza upande mmoja;</em> <strong><em>P</em></strong><em>ooza mkono/mguu (au kupoteza hisia); ugumu ku-</em><strong><em>E</em></strong><em>leza/kuongea;</em> <strong><em>SI</em></strong><em>mu upesi</em> translating to <em>face drooping, arm/leg paralysis, difficulty</em> in <em>speaking/explaining</em> and <em>fast to the phone</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The result of this process is a Swahili translation of the FAST tool for stroke awareness campaigns. The translation will improve communication during stroke campaigns and increase awareness of stroke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 141-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000181/pdfft?md5=261f443c741972c59a41d14d10af9034&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utilisation of emergency point-of-care ultrasound in a tertiary hospital emergency department in East London, South Africa","authors":"Oscar Biggs ,&nbsp;Luan Taljaard ,&nbsp;Daniël Jacobus Van Hoving ,&nbsp;Meeren Rugunanan","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Emergency departments are the primary entry point for emergencies in the public healthcare system. Resource constraints burden a large proportion of the public hospital emergency departments, which includes limited access to radiological services. Emergency point-of-care ultrasound provides a tool capable of bridging this gap. The Eastern Cape is yet to describe the utilisation of emergency point-of-care ultrasound in any of its emergency departments.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Frere Hospital initiated a clinical audit to assess the utilisation of emergency point-of-care ultrasound in its emergency department in 2022. This study was a retrospective review of the audit between 01 November 2022 until 28 February 2023. Data from the handwritten register regarding patient's presenting complaints and provisional diagnoses was also captured during the study period to draw comparisons between burden of disease and use of emergency point-of-care ultrasound.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 9501 patients attended Frere Hospital's emergency department over the study period with 492 emergency point-of-care ultrasounds performed (overall utilisation rate 5.2 %). The five credentialed emergency point-of-care ultrasound providers performed the majority (<em>n</em> = 360, 73.2 %) of the applications, compared to 132 (26.8 %) performed by the seven non-credentialed providers. The extended focused abdominal sonography in trauma (eFAST) was the most frequently performed application (<em>n</em> = 140, 28.5 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Emergency point-of-care ultrasound is underutilised in Frere Hospital's emergency department. The varied casemix requires upskilling of clinicians in emergency point-of-care ultrasound to suit the burden of disease experienced in the department. Ongoing emergency point-of-care ultrasound training, credentialing and research is important to ensure appropriate and quality emergency point-of-care ultrasound utilisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X2400017X/pdfft?md5=f4e00c15cc3cccac271b6bf26adc5128&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X2400017X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global health research abstracts: November ‘23","authors":"Jonathan Kajjimu","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The African Journal of Emergency Medicine, in partnership with several other regional emergency medicine journals, publishes abstracts from each respective journal. Abstracts are not necessarily linked to open access papers however, all abstracts are accessible without subscription.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 131-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000132/pdfft?md5=578106c987dda2fda79d2893f4071829&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000132-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141067980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Health research abstracts: October ‘23","authors":"Jonathan Kajjimu","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The African Journal of Emergency Medicine, in partnership with several other regional emergency medicine journals, publishes abstracts from each respective journal. Abstracts are not necessarily linked to open access papers however, all abstracts are accessible without subscription.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 128-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000156/pdfft?md5=12908fa5f67a177968ded43dca9b5cf9&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and reassessment of injured patients at non-tertiary hospitals in Ghana: A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial","authors":"Adam Gyedu ,&nbsp;Adamu Issaka ,&nbsp;Peter Donkor ,&nbsp;Charles Mock","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Frequent reassessment of injured patients is an important component of trauma and emergency care. How frequently such reassessment is done in African hospitals has been minimally addressed. We sought to address this gap, as well as to assess the effectiveness of a standardized trauma intake form (TIF) to improve assessment and reassessment rates.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We undertook a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial with research assistants observing trauma care before and after introducing the TIF at emergency units of eight non-tertiary Ghanaian hospitals for 17.5 months. Differences in seven key performance indicators (KPIs) of assessment and reassessment were evaluated using generalized linear mixed regression. KPIs included: respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, level of consciousness, mobility, temperature, and oxygen saturation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Management of 4077 patients was observed: 2067 before TIF initiation and 2010 after. In the before period, completion of KPIs of initial assessment ranged from 55% (oxygen saturation) to 88% (level of consciousness). KPIs for reassessment for patients still in the EU after 30 min (<em>n</em> = 1945, in before period) were much lower than for initial assessment, ranging from 10% (respiratory rate and oxygen saturation) to 13% (level of consciousness). The TIF did not significantly improve performance of any KPI of assessment or reassessment. Similar patterns pertained for the subgroup of seriously injured patients (Injury Severity Score ≥9).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>At non-tertiary hospitals in Ghana, performance of KPIs of initial assessment were mostly adequate, but with room for improvement. Performance of KPIs for reassessment were very low, even for seriously injured patients. The intervention (trauma intake form) did not impact reassessment rates, despite previously having been shown to impact many other KPIs of trauma care. Potential avenues to pursue to improve reassessment rates include other quality improvement efforts and increased emphasis on reassessment in training courses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000168/pdfft?md5=05e91b2de4882ce1b199be67a551a9a7&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of injured patients referred to higher levels of care after initial assessment and management at non-tertiary hospitals in Ghana","authors":"Lauren L. Agoubi ,&nbsp;Adamu Issaka ,&nbsp;Sakinah Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Adam Gyedu","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The experiences of trauma patients referred from Ghanaian non-tertiary hospitals for definitive care at higher levels is not well-known. Understanding the motivations of injured patients who do not attend their referral for definitive management may inform interventions to improve injury outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study is a follow-up survey of participants of a larger study involving initial management of injured patients presenting to 8 non-tertiary hospitals in Ghana from October 2020 to March 2022. Injured patients referred to higher levels of care were surveyed by phone using a structured questionnaire and patients who could not be reached were excluded. The main outcome was referral non-attendance and differences between patients who attended the referral and those who did not were determined with chi squared tests. Variables with intergroup differences were included in a multivariable logistic regression. Open-ended survey responses were analyzed using thematic content analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 335 referred patients surveyed, 17 % did not attend the referral. Factors associated with referral non-attendance included being male (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.70, <em>p</em> = 0.013), sustaining a fracture (AOR=2.83, <em>p</em> = 0.003), and having less severe injury (AOR 2.84, <em>p</em> = 0.017). Primary drivers of referral non-attendance included financial problems (59 %), family influence (45 %), and lack of transportation (20 %). The majority of patients (77 %) not attending the referral sought treatment from traditional healers, citing lower cost, faster service, and a perception of equivalent outcomes. Reported facilitators of referral attendance included positive hospital staff experiences and treatment while barriers included higher hospital costs, lack of bed space, and poor interhospital communication.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>An important proportion of injured patients in Ghana do not attend referrals for definitive management, with many seeking care from traditional healers. Our study identified possible targets for interventions aimed at maintaining the continuum of hospital-based care for injured patients in order to improve outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000119/pdfft?md5=33401974b9ab58fa02f8080eb14571f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000119-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial medicine: A multi-dimensional concept moving towards contextually specific working definitions for use in the South African prehospital setting","authors":"Colin Giovanni Mosca ,&nbsp;Jaco P. Kruger","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The phenomenon that has been described as Financial Medicine has been occurring within the South African Healthcare sector for at least the last decade. Despite the ongoing effect of this phenomenon, there is no organised body of knowledge or formulated working definitions to guide knowledge sharing and theorisation within this research focus area. The practice of Financial Medicine exerts a deleterious effect on the South African prehospital healthcare system, and represents an area in dire need of focused research efforts. Establishing appropriate working definitions and associated taxonomy is an important first step in supporting further research efforts into this aspect of South African prehospital healthcare systems.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A qualitative research methodology following a constructivist grounded theory design was used. Participants voluntarily consented to be enrolled into one-on-one in-depth interviews, and were selected using purposive and theoretical sampling techniques. Data was subjected to validated coding procedures and analysed using the constant comparative analysis approach, analytical diagramming, and supported by researcher theoretical sensitivity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A working definition for Financial Medicine is provided. Six new terms are introduced, with associated working definitions, namely Financial Medicine Practices, Treatment-based profiteering, Cost-of-care-aversion, Personal-gain-at-patient-expense, Money-racketeering-in-healthcare, and Impoverishing-healthcare-earning.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The working definitions and suggested taxonomy presented in this article are the first step in formally conceptualising and theorising the phenomenon of Financial Medicine, in order to support further research and collaboration in this space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000089/pdfft?md5=a925d202b8d73c69b9fdad5c05774738&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000089-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the factors that influence CT utilization for mild traumatic brain injury in a low resource setting - a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework","authors":"Harriet Nalubega Kisembo ,&nbsp;Richard Malumba ,&nbsp;Henry Sematimba ,&nbsp;Racheal Ankunda ,&nbsp;Irene Dorothy Nalweyiso ,&nbsp;Elsie-Kiguli Malwadde ,&nbsp;Elizeus Rutebemberwa ,&nbsp;Simon Kasasa ,&nbsp;Dina Husseiny Salama ,&nbsp;Michael Grace Kawooya","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In low resource settings (LRS), utilization of Computed Tomography scan (CTS) for mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) presents unique challenges and considerations given the limited infrastructure, financial resources, and trained personnel. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) offers a comprehensive theoretical lens to explore factors influencing the decision-making to order CTS for mTBI by imaging referrers (IRs).</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The primary objective was to explore IRs’ beliefs about factors influencing CT utilization in mTBIs using TDF in Uganda.</p><p>Differences in the factors influencing CTS ordering behavior across specialties, levels of experience, and hospital category were also explored.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>In-depth semi-structured interviews guided by TDF were conducted among purposively selected IRs from 6 tertiary public and private hospitals with functional CTS services. A thematic analysis was performed with codes and emerging themes developed based on the TDF.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eleven IRs including medical officers, non-neurosurgeon specialists and neurosurgeons aged on average 42 years (SD+/-12.3 years) participated.</p><p>Identified factors within <em>skills</em> domain involved IRs’ clinical assessment and decision-making abilities, while beliefs about <em>capabilities</em> and <em>consequences</em> encompassed their confidence in diagnostic abilities and perceptions of CTS risks and benefits. The <em>environmental context and resources</em> domain addressed the availability of CT scanners and financial constraints. The <em>knowledge</em> domain elicited IRs’ understanding of clinical guidelines and evidence-based practices while social influences considered peer influence and institutional culture. For <em>memory, attention &amp; decision processes</em> domain, IRs adherence to guidelines and intentions to order CT scans were cited.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Using TDF, IRs identified several factors believed to influence decision making to order CTS in mTBI in a LRS. The findings can inform stakeholders to develop targeted strategies and evidence-based interventions to optimize CT utilization in mTBI such as; educational programs, workflow modifications, decision support tools, and infrastructure improvements, among others.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000120/pdfft?md5=bcf712a589e4166da0cbc988fae08e03&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000120-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Health research abstracts: December ‘23","authors":"Dr. Jonathan Kajjimu","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The African Journal of Emergency Medicine, in partnership with several other regional emergency medicine journals, publishes abstracts from each respective journal. Abstracts are not necessarily linked to open access papers however, all abstracts are accessible without subscription.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 100-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X24000144/pdfft?md5=6f1a370e9bc4ea0c9a3416ecc3b7ca26&pid=1-s2.0-S2211419X24000144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}