Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology最新文献

{"title":"Approach for Analysis of Intracellular Markers in Phosphatidylserine-Positive Platelets","authors":"E. O. Artemenko,&nbsp;S. I. Obydennyi,&nbsp;M. A. Panteleev","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700296","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phosphatidylserine- (PS-) positive platelets play an important role in thrombosis and hemostasis. They have high procoagulant activity, the ability to vesiculate, and can aggregate with activated PS-negative platelets. They are found in growing thrombus in vitro, but numerous mysteries remain regarding them. In particular, intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization in these platelets is poorly studied, since they have the ability to be destroyed by permeabilization, which is necessary for the penetration of antibodies to intracellular markers into the cell. In this work, we propose an approach that allows the analysis of intracellular signaling in calcium ionophore A23187-induced PS-positive platelets using flow cytometry or confocal microscopy. We used the mildest permeabilization of fixed PS-positive platelets using saponin and showed that such permeabilization allows us to significantly preserve PS-positive platelets. As an example, we analyzed the state of the polymerized form of actin in PS-positive platelets and showed that, despite the significant rearrangement of the cytoskeleton that occurs upon activation in such platelets, actin in them is partially presented in a polymerized form.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 4","pages":"296 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acid Content in Skeletal Muscle of the Long-Tailed Ground Squirrel Urocitellus undulatus","authors":"T. P. Kulagina,&nbsp;I. M. Vikhlyantsev,&nbsp;A. V. Aripovsky,&nbsp;S. S. Popova,&nbsp;A. B. Gapeyev","doi":"10.1134/S199074782470034X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S199074782470034X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seasonal changes in fatty acid composition in four skeletal muscles of the true hibernating Yakutian long-tailed ground squirrel <i>Urocitellus undulatus</i> were studied. Measurements were taken on animals of four experimental groups: summer active, autumn active, winter hibernating, and winter active. An increase in total fatty acids was found in winter in the <i>quadriceps femoris</i> muscle (<i>m. vastus lateralis</i>), <i>triceps</i> forearm muscle (<i>m</i>. <i>triceps</i>), and lumbar muscle (<i>m. psoas</i>). A decrease in the total content of saturated fatty acids in all muscles was observed during the winter period. The increase in the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids in winter hibernating animals occurred in the quadriceps femoris muscle, triceps forearm muscle, and lumbar muscle. In winter active animals, the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in quadriceps femoris muscle and lumbar muscle. A statistically significant decrease in the content of palmitic acid in hibernating and winter active animals compared to summer and autumn animals was found in all muscles studied. The content of palmitoleic acid increased in hibernating animals in the quadriceps femoris muscle and lumbar muscle. In the triceps forearm muscle, the content of palmitoleic acid was increased in autumn active and winter hibernating animals. The content of oleic acid was elevated in all muscles in winter hibernating animals relative to active autumn animals. Linoleic acid content was significantly increased in winter active animals in all muscles except the calf muscle. Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid increased in all muscles during the autumn period with a decrease in content in winter hibernating and winter active animals to the level of summer (seasonal) controls. The results obtained indicate that most of the changes in fatty acid composition have the same direction in all four studied skeletal muscles of the long-tailed ground squirrel. The possible role of seasonal changes in fatty acid composition and fatty acid participation in biochemical processes in the muscle tissue of the long-tailed ground squirrel is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 4","pages":"348 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Donation As a Mechanism of Participation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Regenerative Processes","authors":"A. D. Krupnova,&nbsp;D. A. Tsomartova,&nbsp;E. V. Chereshneva,&nbsp;M. Yu. Ivanova,&nbsp;E. S. Tsomartova,&nbsp;T. A. Lomanovskaya,&nbsp;M. S. Pavlova,&nbsp;O. V. Payushina","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700272","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are universal regulators of regenerative processes due to their ability to paracrine release of regulatory molecules or to replace dead cells by differentiation in the appropriate direction. Recently, another mechanism for the beneficial effects of MSCs on damaged tissues has been discovered, namely transfer of mitochondria into its cells in response to stress signals. MSCs can transfer mitochondria through tunnel nanotubes forming a connecting bridge between cells, through gap junctions, by release as part of extracellular vesicles or in the free form, as well as by complete or partial fusion with recipient cells. In the damaged cells that received mitochondria from MSCs, the disturbed energy metabolism is restored and oxidative stress is reduced, which is accompanied by increased survival, and in some cases also by increased proliferation or changes in differentiation status. Restoration of energetics after mitochondria transfer from MSCs has a beneficial effect on functional activity of recipient cells and promotes suppression of inflammatory reactions. It has been repeatedly demonstrated on models of damage of various organs in experimental animals that the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to target cells makes a significant contribution to the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. Therefore, methods to enhance mitochondrial donation are currently being searched for. However, it should be taken into account that MSCs are able to transfer mitochondria to malignant cells, thus stimulating tumor growth and increasing its resistance to chemotherapy. These data make us cautious about the prospects of using MSCs in cell therapy, but, on the other hand, they can serve as a basis for searching for new therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 4","pages":"275 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cationic and Ionizable Amphiphiles Based on Dihexadecyl Ester of L-Glutamic Acid for Liposomal Transport of RNA","authors":"G. A. Bukharin,&nbsp;U. A. Budanova,&nbsp;Z. G. Denieva,&nbsp;E. V. Dubrovin,&nbsp;Yu. L. Sebyakin","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700314","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various RNAs are among the most promising and actively developed therapeutic agents for the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases and a number of other pathologies associated with the dysfunction of specific genes. Some nanocarriers are used for the effective delivery of RNAs to target cells, including liposomes based on cationic and/or ionizable amphiphiles. Cationic amphiphiles contain a protonated amino group and exist as salts in an aqueous environment. Ionizable amphiphiles are a new generation of cationic lipids that exhibit reduced toxicity and immunogenicity and undergo ionization only in the acidic environment of the cell. In this work we developed a scheme for the preparation and carried out the synthesis of new cationic and ionizable amphiphiles based on natural amino acids (<i>L</i>-glutamic acid, glycine, β-alanine, and γ-aminobutyric acid). Cationic and ionizable liposomes were formed based on the obtained compounds, mixed with natural lipids (phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol), and their physicochemical characteristics (particle size, zeta potential, and storage stability) were determined. Average diameter of particles stable for 5–7 days did not exceed 100 nm. Zeta potential of cationic and ionizable liposomes was about 30 and 1 mV, respectively. The liposomal particles were used to form complexes with RNA molecules. Such RNA complexes were characterized by atomic force microscopy and their applicability for nucleic acid transport was determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 4","pages":"313 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Functions of the OTOP1 Proton Channel","authors":"K. D. Sladkov,&nbsp;S. S. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700181","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>OTOP1 belongs to the otopetrin family of membrane proteins that form proton channels in cells of diverse types. In mammals, OTOP1 is involved in sour transduction in taste cells and contributes to otoconia formation in the inner ear. From the structural point of view, otopetrins, including OTOP1, represent a quasi-tetramer consisting of four α-barrels. The exact transport pathways mediating proton flux through the OTOP1 channel and gating elements modulating its activity are still a matter of debate. This review discusses current data on structural and functional features of OTOP1. Suggested proton transport pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and key amino acid residues determining functionality of the otopetrins are considered. The existing kinetic models of OTOP1 are discussed. Based on revealed functional properties, OTOP1 is suggested to operate as a logical XOR element that allows for proton flux only if transmembrane pH gradient exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 3","pages":"175 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Studies of Ion Channels: Achievements, Problems, and Perspectives","authors":"B. S. Zhorov,&nbsp;D. B. Tikhonov","doi":"10.1134/S199074782470017X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S199074782470017X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The superfamily of membrane proteins known as P-loop channels encompasses potassium, sodium, and calcium channels, as well as TRP channels and ionotropic glutamate receptors. An increasing number of crystal and cryo-EM structures are uncovering both general and specific features of these channels. Fundamental folding principles, the arrangement of structural segments, key residues that influence ionic selectivity, gating, and binding sites for toxins and medically relevant ligands have now been firmly established. The advent of AlphaFold2 models represents another significant step in computationally predicting protein structures. Comparison of experimental P-loop channel structures with their corresponding AlphaFold2 models shows consistent folding patterns in experimentally resolved regions. Despite this remarkable progress, many crucial structural details, particularly important for predicting the outcomes of mutations and designing new medically relevant ligands, remain unresolved. Certain methodological challenges currently hinder the direct assessment of such details. Until the next methodological breakthrough occurs, a promising approach to analyzing ion channel structures in greater depth involves integrating various experimental and theoretical methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 3","pages":"160 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rhodopsin Project","authors":"M. A. Ostrovsky","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700156","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The review presents the history of the origin, development, and achievements of the Rhodopsin Project organized by Yu.A. Ovchinnikov in 1973. The current state of some issues related to the structure and function of retinal-containing proteins, rhodopsin types I and II, is also considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 3","pages":"140 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Membrane H+ Transport and Plasmalemma Excitability in Pattern Formation, Long-Distance Transport and Photosynthesis of Characean Algae","authors":"A. A. Bulychev,&nbsp;N. A. Krupenina","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700193","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Illuminated giant cells of Characeae produce alternating areas with H⁺-pump activity and zones of high H⁺/OH^– conductance, where H⁺ fluxes between the medium and the cytoplasm are oppositely directed. In areas where proton equivalents enter the cell, the pH on cell surface (pH_o) increases to pH 10, while the cytoplasmic pH (pH_c) decreases. Deficiency of the permeant substrate of photosynthesis (CO₂) and the acidic pH_c shift under external alkaline zones promote the redirection of electron transport in chloroplasts from CO₂-dependent assimilatory pathway to O₂ reduction. This bypass route of electron transport elevates the thylakoid membrane ΔpH and enhances nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll excitations, which determines strict coordination between nonuniform distributions of pH_o and photosynthetic activity in resting cells. When the action potential (AP) is generated, the longitudinal pH profile is temporarily smoothed out, while the heterogeneous distribution of NPQ and PSII photochemical activity (YII) becomes drastically sharpened. The damping of the pH_o profile is due to the suppression of the H⁺-pump and passive H⁺/OH^– conductance under the influence of an almost 100-fold increase in the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ level ([Ca²⁺]_c) during AP. The increase in [Ca²⁺]_c stimulates photoreduction of O₂ in chloroplasts underlying external alkaline zones and, at the same time, arrests the cytoplasmic streaming, which lead to the accumulation of excess amounts of H₂O₂ in the cytoplasm in areas of intense production of this metabolite and has a weak effect on areas of CO₂ assimilation. These changes enhance the nonuniform distribution of cell photosynthesis and account for long-term oscillations of chlorophyll fluorescence <span>(F_{{text{m}}}^{{{'}}})</span> and the quantum efficiency of linear electron flow on microscopic cell areas after the AP generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 3","pages":"188 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Membrane Cholesterol and Regulation of Cellular Processes: New and the Same Old Thing","authors":"A. Ya. Dunina-Barkovskaya","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700223","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Membranes of living cells, or biological membranes, are unique molecular systems in which the functioning of all molecules is interdependent and coordinated, and disruption of this coordination can be fatal for the cell. One example of such coordination and mutual regulation is the functioning of membrane proteins, whose activity depends on their interaction with membrane lipids. This review summarizes the facts about the importance of the cholesterol component of cell membranes for the normal functioning of membrane proteins and the whole cell. This lipid component provides fine regulation of a variety of cellular functions and provides clues to understanding changes in the activity of a number of proteins under various physiologic and pathologic conditions. This review provides examples of cholesterol-dependent membrane proteins and cellular processes and discusses their role in several pathologies. Understanding the mechanisms of cholesterol–protein interactions represents a significant resource for the development of drugs that affect the cholesterol–protein interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 3","pages":"224 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Choice between Cholesterol and Ergosterol","authors":"S. S. Sokolov,&nbsp;S. A. Akimov,&nbsp;F. F. Severin","doi":"10.1134/S1990747824700211","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990747824700211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sterol biosynthesis has evolved early in the history of eukaryotes. In most animals, as well as in primitive fungi, the main sterol is cholesterol. During the process of evolution, fungi acquired the ability to synthesize ergosterol. The pathway of its biosynthesis is more complex than the one of cholesterol biosynthesis. However, the evolutionary choice of most fungi was ergosterol, and the reason for this choice is still debated. In the majority of the works on this issue, the choice of most fungi is associated with the transition to life on land, and, consequently, the danger of cell dehydration. In our review we oppose this point of view. Probably, compared to cholesterol, ergosterol has more pronounced antioxidant properties. Indeed, the presence of three double bonds in the structure of the ergostеrol molecule, as compared to one in cholesterol, increases the probability of interaction with reactive oxygen species. Perhaps, the transition to life on land required additional antioxidant protection. Due to the aforementioned structural differences, the molecule of cholesterol is apparently more flexible than that of ergosterol. Experimental data indicate that this feature provides greater membrane flexibility as compared to fungal membranes, as well as a greater ability to compensate for disturbances in the packing of membrane phospholipids. Presumably, for animal cells these qualities turned out to be relatively more important than antioxidant ones, which predetermined their evolutionary choice of sterol.</p>","PeriodicalId":484,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology","volume":"18 3","pages":"219 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}