Bmj Military Health最新文献

{"title":"Soldier performance management: insights from boots on ground research and recommendations for practitioners.","authors":"Luana C Main, T D Maroni, T Ojanen, J R Drain, B Nindl","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2024-002742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theoretically, the serial measurement of biomarkers to monitor physiological responses to military training could be used to mitigate musculoskeletal injury risk and better understand the recovery status of personnel. To date, the cost and scalability of these initiatives have impeded their uptake by defence organisations. However, advances in technology are increasing the accessibility of a range of health and performance biomarkers. This paper presents a synthesises of findings from the literature and discussions with informed stakeholders to provide contextually relevant advice for future efforts to monitor military personnel, together with key considerations to ensure actionable outcomes from the data captured. The aim of this review is, therefore, twofold; first, to demonstrate how wearable devices and biomarkers have been used in defence research to assess the context-specific, occupational demands placed on personnel; and second, to discuss their potential to monitor military workloads, optimise training programming and understand soldier adaptation to multi-stressor environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Give us a hand, mate! A holistic review of research on human-machine teaming.","authors":"Jitu Patel, M Boardman, B Files, F Gregory, S Lamb, S Sarkadi, M Tešić, N Yeung","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002737","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2024-002737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defence has a significant interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies to address some of the challenges it faces. At the core of future military advantage will be the effective integration of humans and AI into human-machine teams (HMT) that leverages the capabilities of people and technologies to outperform adversaries. Realising the full potential of these technologies will depend on understanding the relative strengths of humans and machines, and how we design effective integration to optimise performance and resilience across all use cases and environments.Since the first robot appeared on the assembly line, machines have effectively augmented human capability and performance; however, they fall short of being a team member-someone you can ask to give you a hand! Working in teams involves collaboration, adaptive and dynamic interactions between team members to achieve a common goal. Currently, human-machine partnership is typically one of humans and machines working alongside each other, with each conducting discrete functions within predicable process and environments. However, with recent advances in neuroscience and AI, we can now envisage the possibility of HMT, not just in physical applications, but also complex cognitive tasks.This paper provides a holistic review of the research conducted in the field of HMT from experts working in this area. It summarises completed and ongoing studies and research in the UK and USA by a broad group of researchers. This work was presented in the HMT thematic session at the Sixth International Congress on Soldiers' Physical Performance (ICSPP23 London).</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a new model of residential rehabilitation: findings and future recommendations.","authors":"Anne Vickerstaff, D Hayhurst, P Morrison, R McHugh","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002667","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2024-002667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Musculoskeletal injury is one of the leading causes of medical discharge in the UK Armed Forces. Residential rehabilitation (RR) courses are part of Defence rehabilitation, for service personnel (SP) who do not respond to treatment at primary care. Historically, it was delivered as a 3-week block model. As a quality improvement project, rolling admissions were introduced aiming to improve access to RR and deliver outcomes that met the requirements of primary care referrers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinical outcomes were assessed for SP with either spinal or lower limb pathology using the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) on course admission and discharge and the Medical Deployment Standard (MDS) on admission and 6 months post course. Wait times were also recorded. Outcomes were compared with the block admission using retrospective audit data. Referrer feedback was gathered using a questionnaire pre introduction and post introduction of rolling admissions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rolling admissions reduced course wait times from an average of 55 days to 19 days. Of SP who attended a rolling admission course with spinal pathology (n=23), 58% showed an increase in MDS, 65% showed an increase of the minimally important change in MSK-HQ. With lower limb pathology (n=35) 57% increased MDS, 49% increased MSK-HQ. For the block model, of those with spinal pathology (n=30) 43% increased MDS, 67% increased MSK-HQ, with lower limb pathology (n=30) 60% increased MDS, 33% increased MSK-HQ. Referrer feedback improved with rolling admissions with feedback most positive in relation to the model's responsiveness for admitting SP onto the course.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rolling admission provided similar clinical outcomes as the previous block model in a shorter time frame with lower wait times and better met the needs of referrers. Future study recommendations include longer term follow-up and looking at alternative ways to measure the success of RR within the care pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in the Australian Defence Force: estimating prevalence from defence electronic health system records.","authors":"Duncan Wallace, E Heffernan, C Meurk, D McKay, C N Jones","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002776","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2024-002776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in serving members of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) in the year 2015-2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The electronic health records of serving members of the ADF were screened for the term PTSD over a 12-month period. A 10% sample of these records were examined alongside a randomised matched sample of records. Each record was reviewed by two psychiatrists to verify a diagnosis of PTSD from the file.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rates of documented PTSD in health records were lower than expected. 802 serving members were identified with clinically diagnosed PTSD during 2015-2016 year, and the prevalence was 0.96%. The rate was higher, 1.33%, when reserve members were excluded. The sample was predominantly of male, non-commissioned officers with the Army having the highest rate of PTSD of the three services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this review of a sample of regular and reserve ADF member's electronic health records, a lower-than-expected prevalence of documented PTSD was found. This finding was of particular interest given findings from previous research that the prevalence of PTSD was likely to be higher. Possible explanations for this finding included the role of stigma in delaying or minimising presentations due to fear of adverse impact on career, possible bias in recording of diagnosis and delayed-onset PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightning in Brunei: a follow-up of a single strike affecting 29 serving personnel of the Royal Gurkha Rifles.","authors":"Seth Makin, I Austin","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002393","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>On 25 August 2020, 29 British Forces Brunei (BFB) service personnel were hospitalised after being struck by lightning during a company-level training exercise in the Brunei jungle. This paper observes both the initial injury pattern of the personnel and their occupational health status at the 22-month point.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>All 29 of the personnel affected by the lightning strike on 25 August 2020 were followed up until the 22-month point, allowing observation of injury patterns and management as well as the long-term outcomes. They were all members of two Royal Gurkha Rifles and received local hospital care and British Defence Healthcare input. Initial data were collected for mandatory reporting processes, and cases were followed up as a routine part of the Unit Health processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 29 identified as having lightning-related injuries, 28 returned to Medically Fully Deployable status. Acoustic trauma was the most common injury which was treated in several cases by oral steroids with some receiving intratympanic steroids. Multiple personnel suffered transient or short-lasting sensory changes and pain. 1756 service personnel days were covered by restrictions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pattern of the lightning-related injuries was different to that which would be expected from previous reports. This is likely due to the unique nature of each lightning strike, combined with the ample unit support, the fit and resilient cohort and the rapid initiation of treatment, especially with regard to hearing.Brunei is at high risk of lightning strikes, planning for them is now standard for BFB. Despite lightning strikes having the potential to cause mortality and mass casualty events, this case study shows that such events do not necessarily result in severe long-term injury or mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"e150-e155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9145069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Types of morbidity presenting in frontline-bordering regions of Ukraine: the experience of deploying additional mobile medical units.","authors":"Viktor V Semenov, S Kumar, M Y Zak, O Kuryata, A Murach, I Syrovatko, N Krupchak, C Cortellino, G Trombatore","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002365","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>On 24 February 2022, the full-scale military invasion of Russia into Ukraine has started, creating one of the largest humanitarian crises in Europe since the World War II. As of 27 July 2022 (by the time when the most of Russian advances have already occurred), more than 900 healthcare facilities in Ukraine were damaged and 127 hospitals were destroyed completely.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mobile medical units (MMU) were deployed in the frontline-bordering areas. An MMU included a family doctor, a nurse, a social worker and a driver, and aimed to provide medical help in remote areas. 18 260 patients who received medical help in MMUs in Dnipro (Dnipro city) and Zaporizhia (Zaporizhia city and Shyroke village) oblasts from July until October 2022 were included in the study. The patients were subdivided by month of visit, area of residence and area of MMU operation. Patients' sex, age, date of visit and diagnosis were analysed. Comparison between groups was performed using analysis of variance and Pearson's χ² tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of patients were females (57.4%), people aged 60+ years (42.8%) and internally displaced persons (IDPs) (54.8%). The proportion of IDPs increased from 47.4% to 62.8% over the period of study (p<0.01). The most common cause of visit to doctors was cardiovascular diseases (17.9%). The frequency of non-respiratory infections remained stable over the period of study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the frontline-bordering areas of Ukraine, females, people older than 60 years and IDPs more frequently sought medical help in MMUs. Causes of morbidity in the studied population were similar to the causes of morbidity before the beginning of full-scale military invasion. Maintaining continuous access to healthcare services may be beneficial for the patient outcomes, especially in terms of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"e110-e115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9726165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoulder instability in military personnel: diagnosis and outcomes of arthroscopic stabilisation.","authors":"Alex Woods, W H Teng, Z De Toledo, K Memon, J Granville-Chapman","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002244","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Shoulder instability is a common problem for military personnel due to the highly physical demands of work and training. This study assessed the pattern of glenoid labrum tears suffered by serving UK military personnel, the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods (magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) vs clinical examination) and, finally, the outcomes of arthroscopic stabilisation in terms of satisfaction, pain, and return to sport and full deployment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients within our unit who underwent arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation between September 2016 and January 2019. Patients underwent clinical examination for instability and subsequent imaging with MRA. For service evaluation, patient-reported outcome measure data and occupational outcome data were gathered preoperatively and postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>41 military patients with shoulder instability were treated with arthroscopic stabilisation. 24.4% had an isolated anterior tear, and 41.5% had complex two-zone or pan-labral tears identified on arthroscopy. Clinical examination showed higher sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value for all labral tear patterns compared with MRA. Mean preoperative Oxford Shoulder Instability Score score was 18.58 (SE ±1.67) and mean postoperative score was 41.5 (SE ±1.13). 82.14% of the patients returned to full deployment during the study period and 85% had returned to sports.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Complex labral tear patterns are common in military personnel with shoulder instability, and clinical examination appears to be more effective than imaging at predicting injury pattern. Patients respond well to arthroscopic stabilisation with good rates of return to work and sport, regardless of chronicity of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"e139-e143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9264922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the burden of injury in children from conflict: an analysis of radiological imaging from a Role 3 hospital in Afghanistan in 2011.","authors":"Will Sargent, P Mahoney, J Clasper, A Bull, P Reavley, I Gibb","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002336","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is a need for quality medical care for children injured in conflict, but a description of injuries and injury burden from blast and ballistic mechanisms is lacking. The radiology records of children imaged during the war in Afghanistan represent a valuable source of information about the patterns of paediatric conflict injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The UK military radiological database was searched for all paediatric presentations to Camp Bastion during 2011. Reports and original images were reviewed to determine location and severity of injuries sustained. Additional information was obtained from imaging request forms and the Joint Theatre Trauma Register, a database of those treated at UK medical facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Radiology was available for 219 children. 71% underwent CT scanning. 46% suffered blast injury, 22% gunshot wounds (GSWs), and 32% disease and non-battle injuries (DNBIs). 3% had penetrating head injury, 11% penetrating abdominal trauma and 8% lower limb amputation, rates far exceeding those found in civilian practice. Compared with those with DNBI, those with blast or GSW were more likely to have serious (Abbreviated Injury Score, AIS, ≥3) injuries (median no. AIS ≥3 injuries were 1 for blast, 1 for GSW and 0 for DNBI, p<0.05) and children exposed to blast were more likely to have multiple body regions with serious injuries (OR for multiple AIS ≥3 injuries for blast vs DNBI=5.811 CI [1.877 to 17.993], p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paediatric conflict injuries are severe, and clinicians used only to civilian practice may be unprepared for the nature and severity of injuries inflicted on children in conflict. Whole-body CT for those with conflict-related injuries, especially blast, is hugely valuable. We recommend that CT is used for paediatric assessment in blast and ballistic incidents and that national imaging guidelines amend the threshold for doing so.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"e116-e121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9283397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth experiences in Canadian veterans: associations, strengths and barriers to care during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Deanna L Walker, M S Nouri, R A Plouffe, J J W Liu, T Le, C A Forchuk, D Gargala, K St Cyr, A Nazarov, J D Richardson","doi":"10.1136/military-2022-002249","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2022-002249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Identifying barriers to care in veteran populations is critical, as veterans face increased social isolation, relationship strains and financial insecurities. For Canadian veterans experiencing barriers to accessing healthcare, telehealth may be a promising alternative with comparable effectiveness to in-person services; however, the potential benefits and limitations of telehealth require further examination to determine its long-term utility, and to inform health policy and planning. The goal of the present research was to identify predictors and barriers to telehealth usage in Canadian veterans in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from baseline data of a longitudinal survey examining the psychological functioning of Canadian veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 1144 Canadian veterans aged 18-93 years (M_age=56.24, SD<i>=</i>12.92; 77.4% men). We assessed reported telehealth use (ie, for mental healthcare, physical healthcare), healthcare access (ie, difficulty accessing care, avoidance of care) and mental health and stress since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, sociodemographic variables and open-ended responses about telehealth experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings suggest that sociodemographic factors and previous telehealth use were significantly associated with telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative evidence highlighted both the benefits (eg, reducing barriers of access) and drawbacks (eg, not all services can be delivered) of telehealth services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper provided a deeper understanding of Canadian veterans' experiences with accessing telehealth care during the COVID-19 pandemic. While for some, the use of telehealth mitigated perceived barriers (eg, safety concerns of leaving home), others felt that not all health services could be appropriately carried out through telehealth. Altogether, findings support the use of telehealth services in increasing care accessibility for Canadian veterans. Continued use of quality telehealth services may be a valuable form of care that extends the reach of healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"e97-e103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9455195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline concussion assessment performance by sex in military service academy rugby players: findings from the CARE Consortium.","authors":"Katherine J Hunzinger, K L Cameron, M H Roach, J C Jackson, G T McGinty, J B Robb, A J Susmarski, C A Estevez, S P Broglio, T W McAllister, M McCrea, P F Pasquina, T A Buckley","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002358","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Normative student-athlete concussion assessment data may not be appropriate for service academy members (SAMs), particularly rugby players, because of the uniqueness of their academic/military training environment. Having accurate baseline data for this population is important because of their high risk for concussion and frequent lack of assigned sports medicine professional. The primary purpose of this study was to characterise baseline performance on a concussion assessment battery, with secondary purpose to determine effect of sex and concussion history on these measures among SAM rugby players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>601 rugby-playing SAMs (19.3±1.5 years, 37.9% female) completed baseline concussion assessments: the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) Symptom and Symptom Severity Checklist, Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC) and a neuropsychological test (either ImPACT (Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) or ANAM (Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics)). Groups were compared using an independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. A 2 (sex) × 2 (concussion history) ANOVA was conducted to determine the effects of sex and concussion history on outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women reported greater SCAT total symptoms (3.3 vs 2.8, p<0.001, r=0.143) and symptom severities (5.7 vs 4.3, p<0.001, r=0.139), and performed worse on ImPACT Visual Memory (79.3 vs 82.6, p=0.002, r=0.144) than men. Women performed better than men on SAC (28.0 vs 27.7, p=0.03, r=0.088), ImPACT Reaction Time Composite (0.59 vs 0.61, p=0.04, r=0.092) and ANAM Code Substitution Delayed (64.3 vs 61.5, p=0.04, d=0.433). Individuals with a history of concussion reported lower ImPACT Symptom Severity (2.6 vs 4.2, p=0.02, r=0.110). There was no interaction between concussion history and sex on outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide reference data for SAM rugby players on baseline assessments and to help in clinical decision-making when managing sports-related concussion in absence of baseline data.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"e161-e166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10809545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}