Bmj Military Health最新文献

{"title":"The Holistic Health and Fitness Management System (H2FMS): a modernised software capability for optimising soldier readiness and performance.","authors":"Andrew G Thompson, N A Rinaldi, C L Smith, K A Bigelman","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2024-002945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Holistic Health and Fitness Management System (H2FMS) is a secure, cloud-based platform designed to assess, understand and improve soldier health, fitness and performance across five readiness domains: physical, mental, spiritual, nutritional and sleep. By leveraging automated support actions, domain-specific tools, role-based dashboards and integrated analytics, H2FMS empowers the interdisciplinary Holistic Health and Fitness (H2F) Performance Teams (HPTs) to effectively develop, employ and retain talented soldiers within the US Army.H2FMS unifies data from advanced biometric technologies, performance assessments, self-reported psychometrics and existing systems, ensuring every soldier has on-demand access to HPT support through guided education, interactive coaching, expert-informed training and personalised biofeedback. The platform enhances awareness for individual soldiers, HPT staff and cadre/command teams, driving optimal resource allocation and enabling data-informed interventions that boost performance, reduce injuries, expedite rehabilitation and significantly enhance quality of life and service. H2FMS represents a cost-efficient strategy for scaling HPT access across the Total Army, providing an equitable framework that maximises individual and organisational return on investment.Critically, H2FMS aligns with the Army's modernisation and national defence objectives by supporting multidomain overmatch through superior human performance management. It advances the long-term goal of generating and maintaining a lethal, adaptable and enduring force. This review details the requirements for H2FMS capabilities and illustrates how it can guide optimisation strategies while creating institutional efficiencies essential for modern force management. Ultimately, H2FMS marks a strategic milestone investment in modernising the foundation of the Army's 'human advantage,' ensuring sustained effectiveness and resilience in current and future conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military Combat Eye Protection uptake of UK service personnel on Operation TORAL in Afghanistan.","authors":"John Breeze, E Lewis, D Bowley, R Coates, C Abbott, P Evans, R Blanch, J Russell","doi":"10.1136/military-2025-002982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2025-002982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Military Combat Eye Protection (CEP) is a form of personal protective equipment designed to protect the eyes and surrounding structures. A review of 67 586 US and UK personnel wounded during Iraq and Afghanistan demonstrated that eye injuries were present in 8% of survivors or those who died of wounds. CEP was first introduced to UK military personnel in Iraq during 2006 and has been shown to reduce both the incidence and severity of eye injury, with the current CEP issued as part of the VIRTUS body armour and load carriage system.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To assess user perception and experience of issued CEP by UK service personnel, a voluntary survey was returned by 200 UK personnel deployed on Operation TORAL, the UK contribution to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)'s Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan post Op HERRICK, from 2014. In total, 10 questions were asked about CEP, including two that allowed users to offer 'free-text' comments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>193 out of 200 (97%) responded that they regularly wore the issued low-impact spectacles, while 54 out of 198 (27%) responded that they regularly changed their lenses. Goggles were worn by only 25 out of 200 (13%), with 64 out of 200 (32%) stating they perceived that there was no requirement for their use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Excellent wearer uptake of low-impact spectacles was found, likely reflecting mandatory use in conjunction with a well-established predeployment educational programme. The poor uptake of medium-impact goggles reflected that either users perceived that there was no requirement to wear them or did not believe they had been issued them. Further research is recommended to identify the optimal colour of lens that should be used. If multiple lens colours are required, lenses should either be easier to change or multiple sets should be issued, along with appropriate training provided for when each lens should be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military service and depression risk among American adults: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES data from 2011 to 2023.","authors":"Jin Mao Gao, S Fei, Y L Ren, Y C Lin, X L Shi","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2024-002932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Depression is a common mental health disorder with high morbidity and disability rates. Military personnel are often considered a vulnerable population for depression, but epidemiological studies on the prevalence in veterans are limited. This study explores the relationship between military service and depression risk among American adults using a cross-sectional design based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from NHANES collected from 2011 to 2023. Depression was diagnosed based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. Military service status was determined by responses to the demographic question. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between military service and depression, as well as the factors influencing depression in veterans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After data cleaning, a total of 25 949 participants were included, 2407 individuals with military service and 2548 with depression. In the unadjusted analysis there was no significant difference in the prevalence of depression between military service and non-service individuals. However, after adjustment, military service was associated with a 23% reduction in the risk of depression (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.96). Subgroup analysis showed that, among non-Hispanic Black individuals, married persons, high-income individuals and those without hypertension, hyperlipidaemia or hyperglycaemia, the prevalence of depression was lower in the military cohort compared with the general population. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that female gender and being divorced were risk factors for depression among veterans, while high income and absence of hypertension served as protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the relatively high prevalence of depression among active-duty and veteran military personnel, this large-sample cross-sectional study does not support the conclusion that military service increases the risk of depression. Furthermore, attention should be given to the depression risk among female and divorced veterans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistically assessing dismounted warfighter military performance: bridging science and operational relevancy.","authors":"Jennifer Sperlein, K Hinde, T Karakolis, S D Myers, M O'Donovan, B Sheffield","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2024-002748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dismounted warfighter physical and cognitive performance is complex, involving interdependent domains such as mobility, lethality, survivability and sustainability. This article provides an overview of topics presented during the 'holistically assessing dismounted infantry performance: bridging science and operational relevancy' session of the sixth International Congress on Soldiers' Physical Performance, held in London, UK, 2023. These topics include the investigation of multivariate aspects of dismounted performance at both the individual warfighter and squad levels. Discussion includes a general approach to quantifying warfighter and squad-level dismounted performance, specific body-worn sensors used to investigate performance, including heart rate variability and movement mechanics, a specific investigation into the effect of hearing acuity on individual and group performance, and lastly moving towards predicting performance with body-worn sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of patellar stabilisation surgery on return to active duty in the French military population: an observational study.","authors":"Cyril Leme, A Ogou, O Barbier, B de Geofroy, M Peras, L M Pessey, P Texeira, P Tannyeres, C Choufani","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2024-002925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patellar instability is 10 times higher in the military population, even more with young recruits undergoing a rapid and significant increase in daily sports activity. Despite such prevalence, little data are available on the return to operational activities. The objective of this research was to study the return to operational active duty after patellar stabilisation and identify risk factors for military return failure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a multicentre, retrospective study, involving French soldiers who underwent patellar stabilisation in a military hospital between January 2009 and June 2022. Epidemiological, clinical, surgical data and postoperative score evaluations were collected via an online questionnaire. The main criteria of analysis were the return to operational activity. Secondary criteria were the return to physical activity and functional results. We conducted a sub-group comparison between surgeries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 52 patients, 63% returned to operational activity in a mean time of 9±5.14 months. Persistent pain and flessum were significantly associated with failure (p<0.05). Average follow-up was 37.3 months. Regarding physical activity, 78% managed to return, 43% at a prior or higher level, the mean delay was 11.6±7.26 months. The mean postoperative Tegner score was 3.9±1.72. On functional results, the mean Lysholm score was 78.4±21 and the mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was 74±17.3. Persistent instability occurred in 4% of cases. The delay to prior physical level was significantly higher in tibial tuberosity transposition versus medial patella femoral ligament ligamentoplasty (p=0.016) CONCLUSIONS: Patellar instability represents a turning point in a military career. Despite effective stabilisation, nearly half of the patients will experience a decrease in their sports level, and 60% will fully regain their full duty activity. Clear and accurate information should be provided to military patients to prepare them for the foreseeable consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the responses of the armed forces of NATO member states to the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"George Bundy, M Bricknell","doi":"10.1136/military-2025-002973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2025-002973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic tested global health systems and national resilience, requiring extensive civil-military cooperation. While individual military responses have been documented, comparative analysis across North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states based on military health service reports is limited. This study analyses the contributions of NATO armed forces to their governments' COVID-19 response, addressing this gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Representatives from Canada, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, France, Italy and the USA participated in a NATO Military Medical Centre of Excellence workshop. Attendees completed a 'CIV-MIL COVID-19 Data Collection Table', and their responses were reviewed during the workshop and analysed using a validated typology of military activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NATO armed forces provided significant support in response to the pandemic, including emergency capacity reinforcement, repatriation of citizens and logistics. Healthcare contributions included augmenting health system management, procuring and distributing health commodities and converting military hospitals for civilian use. Military forces also supported public awareness campaigns, enforced COVID-19 measures and provided critical care in civilian hospitals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study underscores the essential role of military forces in supporting national COVID-19 responses and highlights the importance of civil-military cooperation. Recommendations include embedding permanent military liaisons within civilian health systems and reassessing the effectiveness of certain military activities. The validated typology serves as a framework for future analyses of military roles in health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approaches to evaluate characteristics that affect military load carriage.","authors":"Ryan B Graham, A Mir-Orefice, M P Mavor, V G Bode, T L A Doyle, K R Kelly, A K Silverman, P H Sessoms","doi":"10.1136/military-2024-002899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2024-002899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carrying heavy body-borne loads, an essential component of a service member's duties, is a significant injury risk factor. Physiological and biomechanical data can help illuminate the relationship between load carriage and injuries for service members. This review highlights characteristics that affect load carriage performance and summarises novel approaches to evaluate associated biomechanical changes. Personal characteristics, such as physical fitness and body composition, are good predictors of injury risk and load carriage ability. Effective training programmes can improve load carriage ability by altering fitness and body composition; however, careful planning is needed to integrate training with regular duties to prevent overtraining and, consequently, reduce injury risk in service members. Recent research supports the need for sex-specific training programmes since men and women achieve different training outcomes from similar stimuli. To further minimise injury risk, it is necessary to consider the effects of equipment characteristics (eg, load distribution, form and comfort) on physiological and biomechanical responses. Moreover, novel approaches to evaluate the effects of the various characteristics on load carriage performance are summarised in this review. Markerless motion capture and inertial measurement units have recently been used to evaluate kinematic changes while wearing various combat ensembles. Musculoskeletal modelling can complement kinematic analyses by evaluating internal joint mechanics during dynamic movements. By using frameworks that can leverage modelling approaches in real-time, service members can receive data-driven biofeedback on their load carriage performance and understand the loading experienced by their tissues to ultimately help mitigate their injury risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the thermal demands of the British Military Annual Fitness Test: an observational study and randomised control trial.","authors":"Kirsty Ann Marie Waldock, B J Lee, B P S Harris, N M Galan-Lopez, F Koivula, C D Young, S R Handford, S Davey, D Thake, J P Greeves, S Wardle","doi":"10.1136/military-2025-002955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2025-002955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thermal modelling of the British Army's annual physical employment test-Role Fitness Test (Soldier) (RFT(S))-indicated that the two-stage load carriage section may present a thermal risk to personnel (body core temperature >39.5°C). In response, the Army modified the RFT(S) by extending the transition time between load carriage sections from 5 to 15 min. This paper presents body core temperature (gastrointestinal temperature; T_GI) data collected from a field-observational study of the modified RFT(S), and during a controlled laboratory load carriage study implementing the original 5 min transition period under three different wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>70 recruits (69 men) completed their mandatory pass/fail RFT(S) during week 18 of their Combat Infantry Course. Field-observational testing was conducted on four non-consecutive days, during summer 2020 (WBGTs=4.2°C-17.5°C). In the controlled laboratory study, 10 infantry males completed the two-stage load carriage section of the RFT(S) in WBGTs of 20°C, 22°C and 25°C. The primary outcome variable, for both studies, was the number of participants reaching a T_GI above 39.5°C, and time spent above this threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the field-observational study, five recruits (7%) exceeded a critical T_GI of 39.50°C. Peak T_GI was always observed following load carriage stage 2 (LC2), a 2 km best-effort loaded march. Participants who exceeded 39.50°C spent between 18 s and 7 min at or above 39.50°C. During the controlled laboratory load carriage study, one soldier exceeded a T_GI of 39.50°C for ~3 min in WBGT 20°C.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most thermally demanding section of the RFT(S) is the best-effort LC2. When environmental temperatures are cool to temperate, the RFT(S) does not pose a thermal risk to serving personnel and can be safely conducted up to a WBGT of 20°C, as per current policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'One Is Too Many' preventing self-harm and suicide in military veterans: a quantitative evaluation.","authors":"Alan Finnegan, K Salem, L Ainsworth-Moore","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002623","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2021, the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust allocated over £2 million to programmes designed to have a clear and demonstrable impact on suicide prevention. Four grant holders delivered a combination of psychotherapeutic interventions, group activities, social prescribing, peer support mentoring, life skills coaching, educational courses and practical help with housing and employment. The evaluation was completed between August 2021 and July 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was completed by 503 participants at entry and 423 at exit. It captured data regarding demographic and military-specific details, health status, situational stressors, predisposing symptoms, help-seeking behaviour, social engagement, housing, living arrangements and employment status. The questionnaire included a number of validated psychometric questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This evaluation revealed reductions in situational stressors, symptoms and mental health illnesses. Seventy-six per cent of participants had completed an Operational Tour, and 77% were exposed to a traumatic event during service. It was the negative impact of unresolved traumatic effects that influenced service-users to require support. Forty-nine per cent delayed seeking help, and 36% self-referred to the One Is Too Many programme which demonstrates the importance of this option. There were improvements in the participants' social networking, social activities, club membership and having people to rely on. Only 4% of participants were women which reinforces the requirement to explore initiatives to engage with female veterans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Timely therapeutic and social prescribing interventions in a safe environment lowered depression, anxiety and the associated situational stressors leading to self-harming and may have reduced suicide. It presented another option to veterans and their families regarding where they can obtain support, care and therapeutic interventions. The programme provided a strong foundation for delivery organisations to forge lasting collaborative partnerships that can be extended to working with other authorities and institutes. The results highlight pathways for prevention and intervention strategies to inform policymakers, healthcare professionals and third-sector organisations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in women of the Czech Republic Armed Forces: a cross-sectional pilot study.","authors":"Lubos Karasek, J Smetana, P Svobodova, J Smahelova, R Tachezy, I Kiss, D Nejedla","doi":"10.1136/military-2023-002611","DOIUrl":"10.1136/military-2023-002611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an everlasting health issue globally. The military environment is recognised as a high-risk setting. Human papillomavirus (HPV), <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> are the most frequent STIs worldwide. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study focuses on the prevalence of selected STIs in the female population of the Czech Republic's Armed Forces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>C. trachomatis</i>, <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and HPV detection and genotyping were performed between August 2020 and December 2022 in 141 women. Participants were divided into three groups according to their military status-recruits (n=72), active soldiers (n=25) and control civilian group (n=44). Cervical smear tests were performed, and data on STI risk factors were obtained through a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference in the HPV prevalence between recruits (64.5 %) and both active soldiers (46.4 %) and civilians (47.3 %) was found when adjusted for age (p=0.007 and p=0.01, respectively). Lower age of coitarche (median 16; p=0.005) and smaller agglomeration origin (p=0.013) were reported for military recruits. No difference was proven in other researched risk factors. Associations between HPV detection and the higher number of sexual partners (p=0.013), early coitarche (p=0.016) and single marital status (p=0.002) across the groups were observed. Not a single case of <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> was detected in any of the 141 participants. The prevalence of <i>C. trachomatis</i> did not differ significantly between the three evaluated groups-recruits, control civilian group, and active soldiers (5.6%, 2.3%, 0%, respectively; p=0.567).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study showed a significantly higher HPV prevalence in female military recruits compared with both active military and civilian women. Recruits reported earlier coitarche which is a strong STI risk factor. Further study is needed to expand on the findings of this pilot study and generate data to support adjustment of STI preventive measures within the Czech Republic Armed Forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":48485,"journal":{"name":"Bmj Military Health","volume":" ","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}