International Journal of Transgender Health最新文献

{"title":"Prostatic diseases in transgender women: A systematic review of diagnosis, risk, and management.","authors":"Alice Bourillon, Cyrille Guillot-Tantay, Lucas Freton, Lee Zhao, Benoit Mesnard, Nicolas Morel-Journel, Romain Mathieu, Paul Neuville, Aurélie Schirmann, Benoit Peyronnet, François-Xavier Madec","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2503225","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2503225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Most transgender women have their prostate left in situ throughout and after their transition. Managing prostate‑related conditions in transgender women remains challenging due to the lack of clear recommendations. This review aims to summarize the available data on prostate health, including cancer screening and treatment, lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostate evaluation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement using PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library, with the keywords (prostate), (lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)), (prostate evaluation), and (transgender women). All relevant data were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty studies were included in the final analysis: 15 focused on prostate cancer, four on LUTS, and one on prostate evaluation. A total of 961 prostate cancer cases were identified. Of the 17 detailed oncologic treatments, the most common were surgery and hormone therapy. Data regarding LUTS and prostate evaluation were very limited; the most frequently reported symptom was a split urinary stream. Surgical interventions for LUTS included two cases of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and one Rezum procedure. Prostate evaluation was performed via transvaginal exam in 50 patients. Transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of the prostate was feasible in 67 out of 70 patients (96%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present systematic review demonstrates that prostatic diseases can occur in transgender women. Neovaginal prostatic exam appears as the appropriate way to assess the prostate on physical exam. The paucity of data highlights the need to raise awareness of healthcare professionals and to promote further research on this critical issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 2","pages":"1153-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ms Radiance</i>: A community-led social media mHealth pilot for transgender women.","authors":"Lahari A Telang, Hezreen Shaik Daud, Aoife G Cotter, Abdul Rashid","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2503224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2503224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transgender women in Malaysia face marginalization and experience barriers to accessing healthcare. Formative research conducted by the research team has identified low utilization of dental services, alongside gaps in knowledge and a perceived low risk of STI transmission through oral sexual practices. Tailored educational interventions that address the specific needs of transgender women in Malaysia are essential for bridging these gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) advisors, and the use of a social media-based mHealth educational intervention to create awareness was discussed. The ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) instructional design was employed alongside the transgender community involvement in designing and developing the \"Ms. Radiance\" intervention. PPIE was crucial for presenting the educational material as artistic bilingual posts, stories, and reels that were peer-reviewed and culturally sensitive. The feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were assessed among transgender women (<i>n</i> = 30) through a three-week pilot launch on Instagram. An online pretest/post-test questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the intervention's impact on condom use for oral sex, oral hygiene practices, and dental service utilization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The themes derived from the FGD were <i>Content of the Educational Intervention, Social media as a mode of delivery, Community engagement</i> and <i>Sustainability of the intervention.</i> Ms. Radiance demonstrated feasibility, achieving 100% retention and a 93% post-intervention completion rate. It was considered acceptable, as shown by positive post-intervention feedback, with 79% of participants indicating they would recommend the intervention to others.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A first-of-its-kind intervention for transgender women in Malaysia was designed and developed with PPIE and pilot-tested. The pilot's feedback will help improve the intervention for a scaled-up version of the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 5","pages":"2309-2325"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The case for a unified health system (SUS)-funded integrated transgender health clinic in a Brazilian urban center.","authors":"Jeffersson Santos, Liandra Pires, Jessica Santos, Brandon Brown","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2503223","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2503223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Brazilian transgender movement has advocated for the establishment of transgender health clinics funded by the country's Unified Health System (SUS) to advance health equity for this population. We aimed to explore the perspectives of transgender women in sex work about the importance of initiating a SUS-funded transgender health clinic in a Brazilian urban center. Additionally, we investigated these women's perceptions on essential healthcare services that such a clinic must provide.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We collaborated with a Brazilian non-governmental organization focused on transgender rights advocacy. This cross-sectional study used quantitative and qualitative data from a larger mixed-method survey exploring the social determinants of health among 89 transgender sex workers from June 2022 to August 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 32 years old. Most participants were mixed-race, earned less than minimum wage monthly, and relied on hospital/urgent care as the primary source of care within SUS. Participants highlighted the potential benefits of having a SUS-funded transgender health clinic, including enhanced convenience, better care experiences, staff preparedness in transgender health, and addressing issues related to self-medication. Moreover, participants stressed the importance of integrated healthcare services within the clinic, advocating for the availability of interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals (e.g. endocrinologists, dentists, nutritionists, general health practitioners, and mental health providers) to meet the diverse healthcare needs of transgender individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This community-engaged study provides crucial insights that are essential for advocacy efforts aimed at establishing transgender health clinics funded by SUS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 2","pages":"1000-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worldwide prevalence of anxiety in transgender persons: Systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Davi Oliveira Teles, Raquel Alves de Oliveira, Manuela de Mendonça Figueirêdo Coelho, Ana Karina Bezerra Pinheiro, Fernando Lannes Fernandes","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis estimate the global pooled prevalence of anxiety among transgender individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCOhost, VHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Observational studies reporting anxiety prevalence in transgender people were included. Meta-analytical methods were applied using a random-effects model to compute pooled prevalence estimates. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 71 studies, comprising 73,565 transgender individuals from 23 countries, were included. The global pooled prevalence of anxiety was 43% (95% CI: 38-48%), with higher rates among non-binary individuals (59%) compared to transmasculine (44%) and transfeminine (37%) identities. Significant variability was observed across geographic regions, age groups, ethnicity/race of the samples, and assessment methods. Non-probabilistic sampling and self-reported measures were associated with higher prevalence estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transgender individuals experience a disproportionately high prevalence of anxiety, with notable disparities by gender identity and region. Findings emphasize the need for targeted mental health interventions and inclusive healthcare policies. Standardized methodologies and broader geographical and ethnical representation in future research are essential to enhance global understanding and inform policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 2","pages":"1130-1152"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readiness assessments prior to gender affirming medical care: The processes and perspectives of Australian healthcare practitioners.","authors":"David H Demmer, Ruth Tatnell","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498750","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many trans, gender-diverse, and non-binary individuals are required to complete a comprehensive 'readiness assessment' prior to accessing gender affirming medical care. Concerns exist regarding the equity, purpose, and negative impacts of readiness assessments, as well as potential inconsistencies in how these assessments are conducted.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We sought to understand Australian healthcare practitioners' (HCPs') (i) <i>processes</i> for administering, (ii) understanding of the <i>purpose</i> of, and (iii) <i>concerns</i> regarding, readiness assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods approach was used. Fourteen HCPs completed an online survey exploring their understanding of, and processes for conducting, readiness assessments, with 10 going on to complete a 1:1 interview further exploring their beliefs regarding the purpose of, and concerns regarding, assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survey results demonstrated little consistency in (i) the content HCPs believed relevant to each assessment criterion as set out by the WPATH SoC and (ii) their processes in conducting assessments. Analysis of interviews generated three themes regarding the <i>purpose</i> of readiness assessments: (i) informed consent/capacity to consent, (ii) supporting positive outcomes, and (iii) protecting against litigation. Four themes were generated regarding <i>concerns</i> with readiness assessments: (i) systemic challenges, (ii) inequity and gatekeeping, (iii) personal and professional impacts, and (iv) heterogeneity of assessments.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This research is the first to explore Australian HCPs' processes and perspectives of readiness assessments, highlighting the inequities they recognize in mandatory assessments as well as the broad inconsistencies in how assessments are administered. Reconsideration of assessments as mandatory, improved tertiary education, as well as standardized guidelines, are indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"1891-1906"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study exploring a gender-affirming weightlifting program among trans and nonbinary students.","authors":"Eva Nowakowski-Sims, Ryan Papciak","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498758","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise and weightlifting can be a transformative experience for trans and nonbinary (TNB) students. Yet, few TNB students use gym spaces due to discrimination and distress related to their gender identity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative methodology was used to explore TNB students' experience with gender dysphoria using Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) commitments. Five TNB college students (3 transmasculine, 1 transfeminine, and 1 nonbinary) participated in a 12-week group weightlifting program with a trans trainer. Following the program, participants completed an interview about their experience and offered recommendations for creating a gender-affirming college gym space.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three themes highlighted the participants' narratives and experiences: Distress and Barriers to Gym Entry; Finding Safety Through Group Weightlifting; and, From Dysphoria to Euphoria in Safe Spaces. There were subthemes related to safety. Safety was felt by working with a trans trainer, having group support, and experiencing a gender-affirming gym environment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings revealed that the gender-affirming group weightlifting program helped TNB students shift from gender dysphoria to joy and satisfaction related to gender euphoria, and finally to self-acceptance separate from gender. Participant-driven recommendations were offered to university recreation programs to create gender-affirming gym spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 2","pages":"984-999"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-operative outcomes for transmasculine and nonbinary individuals who received top surgery as minors.","authors":"Tara Weixel, Michael J Pellicane, Jeffrey A Ciesla, Beth Wildman, Daniel Medalie","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498751","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2498751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies assess post-operative outcomes for transmasculine and nonbinary individuals assigned female at birth who received top surgery as minors (i.e. younger than 18 years of age).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected online post-operative follow-up surveys from transmasculine and nonbinary individuals who received top surgery as minors. Top surgery was received, on average, 3.70 years ago (range = 0.5-7.6 years) between the years 2016-2023. The sample consisted of 53 transmasculine (<i>n</i> = 49) and nonbinary (<i>n</i> = 4) individuals. The average age of participants at survey was 20 years (SD = 2.56; range = 16-25 years). Most participants were White/Caucasian (<i>n</i> = 48) and non-Hispanic/Latinx (<i>n</i> = 51). Transgender appearance congruence and gender identity acceptance were measured using the Transgender Congruence Scale. Chest dysphoria was measured using the Chest Dysphoria Measure. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale. Social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses revealed high appearance congruence (total scale = 53.21, SD = 5.99; Appearance Congruence subscale = 40.40; SD = 4.81), and high gender identity acceptance (12.81; SD = 2.33). Chest dysphoria was very low (1.64; SD = 1.55). Anxiety (4.81, SD = 4.21) and depression (4.57, SD = 3.94) were minimal/mild. Social support was high (5.72; SD = 1.18).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present study shows good post-operative outcomes for transmasculine and nonbinary individuals who received top surgery as minors. Medical providers should consider gender affirming surgeries as a possible beneficial treatment for gender diverse youth that follows the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 2","pages":"973-983"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"#TransTok: A digital ethnographic study using content analysis to investigate transgender and gender diverse 'for you page' content on TikTok that may affect mental health.","authors":"Rigel Paciente, Eliza Kouznetsova, Taniya Shrimali, Penelope Strauss, Karen Lombardi, Alix Woolard","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2492613","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2492613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transgender and gender diverse (\"trans\") people are more likely to experience adverse mental health outcomes due to the social adversities that are commonly experienced. One ameliorating factor for poor mental health outcomes can be connection to community, often facilitated in online spaces such as TikTok.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to describe the types of content on TikTok that a trans person may encounter.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A digital ethnographic methodology was used. The research team created an account on TikTok, then curated the For You Page (FYP) by engaging in trans-related content. Data was then collected via the first 150 videos that appeared on the FYP. Publicly available demographic variables on the video were collected manually. Videos were included if they were created by Trans creators discussing factors which could impact mental health, such as social support or adversity. Qualitative inductive content analysis was then performed on video content and the top 5 comments to generate categories. Data collection through analysis was performed between September and November 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main categories were generated: (1) community connection, (2) engaging in discourse, (3) recounting experiences of social adversity. The categories highlight the trans community's willingness to share information, experiences with each other as a form of online support. In addition, trans users were active in engaging with discourses about trans identities and politics. As part of sharing experiences and information, trans users also highlighted the social adversity they have experienced directly tied to their trans identity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results have shown that the curation of the FYP to reflect trans-related content can be a safe space for trans people to find social support. This implies benefits to the use of TikTok on mental health and wellbeing. Future studies should investigate the mental health impacts of engagement on TikTok among trans people.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 2","pages":"957-972"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental consent: A barrier to transgender health care in China.","authors":"Qiang Cao, Yuquan Chen, liangJing Xia, Xinyan Wu, Hao Chi","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2487019","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2487019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 2","pages":"1168-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":14.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the multidimensional transgender and nonbinary resilience scale.","authors":"Jae A Puckett, Em Matsuno, Kiet D Huynh, Zakary Clements, M Paz Galupo","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2483220","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2483220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trans and nonbinary (TNB) people face ongoing and systematic oppression that negatively affects their mental health and well-being. However, past qualitative research highlights the unique ways in which TNB people are resilient and resist these oppressive systems. Most quantitative research on TNB resilience uses general measures of resilience that do not reflect the unique ways that TNB people specifically demonstrate resilience. Further, traditional conceptualizations of resilience define resilience as an individual trait rather than encompassing group- and systems-level factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a novel measure of TNB resilience based on the multidimensional TNB resilience framework that posits four dimensions of resilience (i.e. individual, interpersonal, community, and societal). Measure items were developed and refined using a community-engaged approach to ensure the measure adequately captures experiences of TNB resilience. We tested the validity and reliability of the scale with a large, diverse sample of TNB adults (<i>N</i> = 608) in the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure with the subscales representing individual resilience, interpersonal resilience, community and societal engagement, and community and societal disengagement. The full scale and subscales were reliable and demonstrated convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity. Invariance testing showed that the scale is valid across gender, race, and age cohorts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This novel measure provides a unique way to assess resilience from a multi-dimensional perspective that is grounded in TNB people's lived experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"1797-1811"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}