International Journal of Transgender Health最新文献

{"title":"Sleep apnea risk in transmasculine individuals on testosterone therapy: A population-based cohort study.","authors":"Anastasia Christ, Matthew Loria, Tomasz Tabernacki, Ambrose A Chiang","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2560084","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2560084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Importance:</i></b> Testosterone affects airway anatomy and respiratory control, potentially increasing the risk of obstructive and central sleep apnea. While findings in cisgender men are mixed, studies of women with hyperandrogenic conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, consistently demonstrate elevated prevalence. Given that sleep apnea is a major public health concern, its relationship to testosterone in transmasculine individuals warrants investigation. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aims to assess whether testosterone therapy is associated with increased risk of obstructive and central sleep apnea in transmasculine individuals. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX, a U.S. health record database of over 120 million individuals, from 2004-2024. Transmasculine individuals were identified <i>via</i> gender incongruence diagnoses and documented testosterone use, excluding those with prior sleep apnea. The index date for follow-up was three months after testosterone initiation. Risk of new sleep apnea diagnosis among transmasculine cohorts was compared to cisgender male and female counterparts. Propensity score matching adjusted for body mass index, smoking, and number of ambulatory healthcare visits, given clinical monitoring differences. Outcomes, including obstructive and central sleep apnea, were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 22,745 transmasculine individuals after propensity score matching, overall sleep apnea risk was significantly higher than in cisgender females (HR: 3.01; 95% CI: 2.70-3.36) and males (HR: 1.64; CI: 1.49-1.81). Obstructive sleep apnea risk was elevated compared to cisgender females (HR: 3.25; CI: 2.88-3.67) and males (HR: 1.74; CI: 1.57-1.95). Central sleep apnea risk was substantially higher than in cisgender females (HR: 7.34; CI: 2.52-21.41) and mildly higher than in males (HR: 2.66; CI: 1.31-5.40). <b><i>Conclusions and Relevance:</i></b> Testosterone therapy is associated with increased risk of sleep apnea in transmasculine individuals. This highlights the need for screening and underscores the importance of longitudinal studies using objective sleep measures to clarify mechanisms and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"2173-2182"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus groups as a tool for enhancing pride and community connectedness among transgender and gender diverse research participants.","authors":"Savannah Quach, Paul Kwon","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2558856","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2558856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Focus groups are a qualitative method of collecting data by engaging a small group of participants in a structured discussion about a specific topic. When research centers on a social issue or a minoritized population, focus groups can serve as a particularly powerful method for data collection by empowering participants and making them a partner in the research process. Focus groups conducted with transgender and gender diverse participants, specifically, have been found to have positive outcomes, such as promoting a sense of belonging and the opportunity to connect with other TGD individuals. Although previous studies have established the potential for focus groups to promote positive outcomes among TGD participants, there is a need for quantitatively testing specific positive outcomes of TGD individuals participating in focus groups. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of focus group participation on a sense of pride and community connectedness among TGD individuals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Focus groups were conducted to explore the construct of gender euphoria and the role of art in eliciting it. The present study is centered around both the qualitative feedback from participants as well as the quantitative results of the pre- and post-focus group surveys. Each participant completed a survey before and after participating in the focus group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participation in focus groups was found to increase a sense of pride among TGD individuals. In contrast to what was expected, however, focus group participation did not lead to an increase in a sense of community connectedness. Despite this, the qualitative data show that participants did engage in acts of community connectedness, such as resource sharing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the beneficial attributes of focus group methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"2139-2148"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of breast and prostate cancer risk in trans and gender diverse individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy.","authors":"Jiping Wang, Zhengjie Yang, Max Heiland, Lena Springer, Saskia Preissner, Robert Preissner","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2551143","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2551143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT)-most commonly involving estradiol combined with either cyproterone or spironolactone-plays a central role in gender affirmation. However, its expanding use has raised concerns regarding potential health implications, particularly in relation to breast and prostate cancer. This study examines the association between GAHT and the incidence of these cancers in individuals with gender incongruence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis using clinical data from TriNetX, a federated health research network. Individuals diagnosed with gender incongruence (ICD-10-CM: F64) were divided into two groups: the GAHT group, who received estradiol with or without cyproterone or spironolactone, and the non-GAHT group, who received none of these agents. Propensity score matching was performed based on age and sex (as recorded in electronic health records) to balance the groups. Data on confounding lifestyle risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use were not available. Breast and prostate cancer incidence was then compared using risk differences (RD) and risk ratios (RRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 18,332 trans individuals (mean age: 30.0 ± 12.5 years) were included in the breast cancer analysis. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 1.0% of the GAHT group and 0.3% of the non-GAHT group, corresponding to an RD of 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6-0.9%) and an RR of 3.57 (95% CI: 2.64-4.84). For prostate cancer, a separate matched cohort of approximately 22,338 individuals was analyzed. Incidence was 0.13% in the GAHT group and 0.06% in the non-GAHT group, with an RD of 0.06% (95% CI: 0.01-0.12%) and an RR of 2.00 (95% CI: 1.05-3.80); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the absolute incidence rates of both breast and prostate cancer were very low in this cohort, we observed modestly higher rates among trans individuals receiving GAHT compared to those who did not. However, in the absence of data on key confounders such as smoking and alcohol use, these associations should be interpreted with caution, as residual confounding cannot be excluded. The results highlight the need for ongoing cancer surveillance, individualized risk-table assessment, and the development of inclusive clinical guidelines to ensure safe and equitable care for gender-diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 5","pages":"2561-2569"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretreatment homocysteine and molecular endothelial risk in transgender women starting estrogen-based hormone therapy.","authors":"Daniele Tienforti, Giovanni Terrana, Adriano Ciriani, Luca Spagnolo, Marco Giorgio Baroni, Arcangelo Barbonetti","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2556972","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2556972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"2280-2282"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forms of transphobia and their influence on health outcomes among transgender, nonbinary, and gender diverse individuals: a global systematic review.","authors":"Kristen Ogarrio, Reanna Durbin-Matrone, Breanna De Leon, Laura A Wright, Arjee Restar, Anneliese A Singh, Kristefer Stojanovski","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2553739","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2553739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Transgender people experience health inequities, and stigma often plays an outsize role in shaping the health and lived experiences of transgender persons. We aimed to systematically review the research literature to understand how transphobia is measured and its impacts on the health of trans populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search using PRISMA guidelines. Titles and abstracts of articles, and full texts, were screened for inclusion. We extracted the study characteristics, populations, methods, transphobia measurement, health outcomes of study, and the relationship between transphobia and health and created evidence gap maps using R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review found 187 studies that measured transphobia and its associations with mental health, substance intake, and physical health outcomes. Transphobia was predominately studied at the individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure and the Everyday Discrimination Scale were the most recurring scales used to measure transphobia. Victimization, internalized transphobia, and institutional discrimination were the most reported types of transphobia. Across a majority of studies, transphobias were positively associated with poor health outcomes, with heavy emphasis on mental health outcomes, as well as substance intake. Large gaps existed with regard to physical health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transphobia negatively impacts the mental health of trans people and often creates elevated substance use. Gaps exist in the measurement of transphobia at the community, organizational and structural levels, and in relation to physical health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute psychiatric care experiences and post-discharge trajectories among transgender and gender diverse adults: A constructivist grounded theory.","authors":"June Sing Hong Lam, Paul Kurdyak, Sami George Sabbah, Alex Abramovich, Kinnon Ross MacKinnon, Rowen K Stark, Victoria I R Anderson, Kat J D Butler, Carey Lawford, Tye Kenny, Juveria Zaheer","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2554293","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2554293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people experience disproportionately high rates of mental health challenges, often leading to increased use of acute psychiatric care (emergency departments and hospitalizations). However, little is known about their lived experiences during and after such care.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the lived experiences of TGD individuals in acute psychiatric care and examine how these experiences shape post-discharge trajectories.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using constructivist grounded theory, we conducted a qualitative study with 15 TGD individuals in Toronto, Ontario, who had received acute mental healthcare. Participants were recruited from both clinical and community settings. Data were analyzed inductively to identify patterns in experiences and care pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative minority stress, stemming from trauma, neurodivergence, physical health conditions, and social marginalization, contributed to mental health crises and influenced help-seeking. Participants' acute care experiences were shaped by autonomy, safety, and perceived usefulness, which informed three post-discharge pathways: engagement with formal mental health services, often facilitated by positive care experiences and access to dialectical behavior therapy; care through community organizations offering holistic, identity-affirming support; and avoidance of the mental health system following re-traumatization and loss of agency. Community-based care was seen as more effective than the biomedical model in addressing autonomy and social determinants of health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute mental healthcare systems must be reformed to better support TGD individuals by addressing systemic transphobia, integrating trauma-informed, intersectional approaches, and embedding community partnerships within formal care structures. Policies centering autonomy and validating lived experience may enhance engagement and improve outcomes during and after crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"2108-2125"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting hormones, shaping health: Gender-affirming therapy & oral care.","authors":"P E Cornejo Ulloa, G R van der Ploeg, A Heintz-Buschart, J A Westerhuis, A K Smilde, E Zaura, B W Brandt, M J Buijs, N Bostanci, A Silbereisen, F J Bikker, K Nazmi, M Tebbens, M den Heijer, B P Krom, M H van der Veen","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2549794","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2549794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a critical aspect of transgender healthcare. Little is known about the effects of GAHT on oral health, which may be influenced by immune modulation, salivary composition shifts, and microbial dynamics as a result of hormone use.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To clinically, biochemically and microbiologically assess changes in oral health of transgender persons during the first year of GAHT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one transmasculine and eighteen transfeminine persons took part in the study. Participants were followed for 12 months. Every 3 months, participants underwent an oral checkup, including full oral assessment and light and fluorescent photos of gums and tongue, donated saliva and filled in a questionnaire over oral health self-perception and dry mouth. Salivary samples were later analyzed for certain proteins and for microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. N-way Partial Least Squares (NPLS) models were used to perform a supervised analysis of the variation in the data associated with GAHT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GAHT induces transient disruptions in salivary composition and microbial communities during the first six months, followed by stabilization by twelve months. Differences in microbial composition were observed between transmasculine and transfeminine persons, suggesting that GAHT exerts distinct effects on oral microbiota depending on hormonal regiments, with potential implications for periodontal health.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This clinical longitudinal study investigated for the first time the oral health of transgender individuals undergoing GAHT during the first year of transition. These results underscore the importance of tailored dental care during early stages of GAHT and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how systemic hormonal treatments can impact oral physiology. This work supports the development of more inclusive healthcare approaches that address the unique needs of transgender populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 5","pages":"2544-2560"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path analysis of the relationship between police experiences and well-being mediated by family support among sexual and gender minorities.","authors":"Somayeh Naderi, Shreya Sharma, Connor Callahan, Jenifer K McGuire","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2556288","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2556288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Police experiences, such as harassment or mistreatment by law enforcement forces, can be a significant source of stress and affect the well-being of sexual and gender minorities (SGM).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examines the relationship between police experiences and well-being among SGM, using family support as a mediator, explained through the ABC-X model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive-correlational study draws data from a cross-sectional online survey. This U.S. based study utilized quota sampling, with 921 participants from SGM identity categories: trans non-binary (30.4%), trans binary (45.6%), and cisgender sexual minority persons (24.0%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The path analysis results showed that the model used in the study fit well for measuring the relationships between variables (CFI= .99, TLI= .99, RMSEA= 0.01, SRMR= 0.01). Moreover, family support as a mediating between police experiences and well-being has a positive effect on well-being and mitigates the negative effects of police experiences (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the role of family support as a protective factor for the well-being of SGM, especially if they have had negative police experiences. The positive effect of family support can reduce the negative impact of police experiences on well-being, which underscores the importance of fostering supportive family environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"2126-2138"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and management of congenital thrombophilia in transgender individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy.","authors":"E Campello, A Scala, C Bulato, A Benetti, G Faggian, L De Toni, C Simion, F Torresan, A Ferlin, P Simioni, A Garolla","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2549783","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2549783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), particularly estrogen-based regimens, is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE), which may be exacerbated in individuals with hereditary thrombophilia. Despite this risk, the prevalence and clinical implications of hereditary thrombophilia in transgender individuals remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened 114 transgender individuals (54 AMAB, 60 AFAB) at the University Hospital of Padua (Italy) for hereditary thrombophilia, including factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin G20210A (PT20210A), antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) deficiencies, as well as antiphospholipid antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hereditary thrombophilia was identified in 9.6% of participants, including two cases of severe thrombophilia. No participants tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies. Individuals with thrombophilia had a higher prevalence of personal and family history of VTE. Three thrombotic events were recorded prior to GAHT: one transgender woman (heterozygous FVL) with unprovoked lower limb VTE, one transgender man (PC deficiency) with neonatal cerebral ischemia, and one transgender man (heterozygous FVL) with subclavian VTE during chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A multidisciplinary approach involving coagulation specialists and endocrinologists was implemented to optimize risk reduction strategies, including tailored GAHT regimens and anticoagulation when necessary. No VTE occurred during a 15-month follow up. These findings highlight the importance of thrombophilia screening to enable individualized care and enhance the safety of GAHT protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 4","pages":"2056-2068"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birthing beyond the binary: An interpretative Phenomenological analysis of perinatal mental health experiences among genderqueer and nonbinary birthing people.","authors":"Evelyn R U Smith, Victoria Collin","doi":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2549126","DOIUrl":"10.1080/26895269.2025.2549126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genderqueer and nonbinary birthing people's lived experiences are not captured within perinatal mental health literature. Gendered assumptions surround experiences throughout pregnancy, birth, and parenthood. Additionally, psychological distress can have a vast impact on a birthing person. An intersectional approach is vital to support all birthing people during the perinatal period.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore genderqueer and nonbinary birthing people's experiences of perinatal mental health and support in the perinatal period in the UK.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seven genderqueer nonbinary birthing people's lived experiences of psychological distress in the perinatal period were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis resulted in four overarching Group Experiential Themes: navigating shame and the emotional tides of distress; rebuilding identity under the heavy burden of the cishet gaze; feeling understood, connected to others; and creating safety in an unsafe world.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Genderqueer and nonbinary birthing people discussed their experiences in relation to a loss and subsequent rebuilding of identity, bodily and social dysphoria, and their felt sense of connection with others. Participants explored how systemic erasure and anti-trans prejudice within services contributed to loneliness, isolation, fear, and distress. Findings encourage the dismantling of traditional gendered notions of pregnancy, birth, and parenthood. They also reinforce the need for transformation in perinatal services to ensure inclusive and safer support for genderqueer and nonbinary birthing people.</p>","PeriodicalId":48480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgender Health","volume":"27 5","pages":"2514-2529"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}