Annals of clinical and biomedical research最新文献

{"title":"Inadvertent caustic ingestion in children in a tertiary health facility in Enugu: critical review of three cases and current literature","authors":"Ajiroghene L. Eke, Obianuju O. Igbokwe, Uzoamaka Blessing Oguchi, Christopher B. Eke, Kenneth Daberechi Adiele","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.239","url":null,"abstract":"Inadvertent ingestion of corrosive substances occurs frequently in children, especially in the younger age group. This could be attributed to their immaturity and the developmental stage of motor and sensory skills. The most common corrosive agent in our environment is caustic soda, which is used in soap making. This substance is usually stored in unlabelled containers without childproof safety caps. Adequate health education and effective legislation on the production, handling, and storage of corrosive substances will help mitigate the dangers of accidental ingestion in children. We present a report of three cases of unintentional caustic ingestion among children seen in Enugu and discuss the relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"42 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136261534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case series and review","authors":"C. B. Eke, J. O. T. Onyia, A. L. Eke","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.380","url":null,"abstract":"Significant upper gastrointestinal bleedings are uncommon in children and potentially life-threatening. The etiology varies from one pediatric age group to the other, with some overlaps, and the presentation is usually in the form of hematemesis and or passage of melena stools. The key priorities in the assessment are to determine the severity of bleeding, degree of systemic upset, the site and cause, to enable application of adequate treatment protocols. However, wide gaps still exist in our setting with regard to the care of children with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We present three cases managed in our center that highlight available treatments that work to sensitize our pediatricians to current treatment modalities.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"48 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in a tertiary institution in South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Michael Chinweuba Abonyi, Theophilus Ejiofor Ugwu, Christian Chukwuemeka Eze","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.337","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in subjects attending a tertiary health center in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was carried out during a three-day screening exercise among 147 diabetic patients at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, a referral center in Enugu, Nigeria. A total of 147 patients with diabetes were recruited, and underwent direct fundoscopy as well as slit lamp examination for Diabetes Mellitus (DM)-induced ocular abnormalities. Socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric indices were also obtained from each subject. The prevalence of DR was 18.7% in this study. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c>7%) was positively associated with the prevalence of DR. There was, however, no significant association between DR and known risk factors, including prolonged duration of DM, hypertension, Body Mass Index (BMI) and central obesity, fruit intake, alcohol use, and smoking. DR, a serious microvascular complication of DM, is present in a significant number of diabetic subjects. Primary prevention, by optimal glycemic control, is highly recommended to prevent largely irreversible retinal damage and visual loss.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral hepatitis B and C infections in adolescents born pre- and post-hepatitis B vaccine introduction in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"Joanah M. Ikobah, Mbang Ada, Kelechi Uhegbu, Evaristus Sunday, Vivien Otu, Jacintha Okoi-Obuli, Emmanuel Ekanem","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.321","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B and C Virus (HBV, HCV) infections are major contributors to the burden of chronic liver diseases globally. In a bid to curb the HBV infection, the Nigerian Government introduced the HBV vaccine into the National Program on Immunization (NPI) in 2004.This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infections among adolescents in secondary schools in Calabar, Cross River State, South-South Nigeria, in the pre- and post-vaccination era. This was a school-based, cross-sectional study. Six hundred and sixty secondary school adolescents, aged 10-20 years, were recruited using multi-staged sampling technique. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody screening were done respectively on the study participants using rapid chromatographic immunoassay method. The relationship between sociodemographic variables and Hepatitis B infection were described. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The mean age of the participants was 14.85±2.11 years. Six participants were positive for HBsAg, giving an overall prevalence of 0.9%. The positive adolescents were from public schools, and the age group mostly positive was 16 years and above (2.1%). None of the screened adolescents was positive for HCV antibody. Though the prevalence of HBV infection was low, most of those positive were delivered before the introduction of the HBV vaccine into the NPI schedule. Modalities to vaccinate young people delivered before the introduction of Hepatitis B vaccine into the NPI schedule should be developed.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135742079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating household catastrophic health expenditure and coping mechanisms in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Enugu, Nigeria: a single center experience","authors":"Ejike Arodiwe, Ijeoma Arodiwe, Ijeoma Okoronkwo, Julius Okoye, Ugochi Onu, Ifeoma Ulasi, Chinwuba Ijoma","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.351","url":null,"abstract":"The methods of financing healthcare expenditure for any country are vital in determining the health status of the country. To meet the rising costs of seeking health care, many poor households in managing chronic disease conditions like Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often resort to coping strategies that are further detrimental to their well-being. CKD is the 12th highest cause of death and 17th highest cause of disability worldwide. This study assessed the incidence of household catastrophic health expenditure and payment coping mechanism of patients with CKD. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 100 patients with various stages of CKD attending the Nephrology clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, South eastern Nigeria. They were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation and interquartile range. Chi-square was used to test for association between payment coping mechanisms used by patients across socioeconomic groups. The study demonstrated uniformly high incidence of catastrophic expenditure for all the respondents both at 10% and 40% threshold (100% and 97%) respectively, with cost of treatment uniformly distributed among the various socioeconomic classes. Most of the patients assessed their treatment by paying out of pocket without reimbursement (88%), with money from personal bank savings being the commonest coping mechanism especially among the poorest Socioeconomic Status (SES) class, and borrowing among the least poor SES class. The study concluded that the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure was very high across all the socioeconomic status. It is recommended that the Nigerian Health Insurance program should be expanded to cover at least dialysis treatment of CKD, if not all aspects of CKD management in order to protect these patients and their household from ill-health mediated catastrophic expenditure.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular schistosomiasis: a clinico-pathological presentation of three pediatric cases and review of literature","authors":"Francis I. Ukekwe, Uche O. Ezomike, Daniel B. Olusina","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.361","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is an important communicable disease in developing countries and an important cause of morbidity in the tropics and subtropics. It is a very rare cause of painless testicular swelling that tend to mimic malignancy and cause a diagnostic dilemma. Though histopathologic analysis confirms diagnosis, a high index of suspicion is required especially for patients presenting from endemic areas. We aim to present the clinicopathological features of three pediatric cases of Testicular Schistosomiasis (TS) and to highlight the role of high index of suspicion, incisional biopsy and histopathologic diagnosis in prevention of unwarranted orchiectomy and preservation of testicular function. We report three cases of TS in patients aged 5 years, 12 years and 14 years, who presented with progressive testicular swellings. The diagnoses were made by histopathological analysis and the patients were treated with oral praziquantel. TS should always be considered an important differential in all male children and adults presenting with testicular masses especially when they live in endemic regions. Incisional biopsy, proper histopathologic evaluation and treatment could prevent unwarranted orchiectomy and thus preserve testicular function.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gossypiboma, a rare cause of failure in surgical intervention: a case report and review of literature","authors":"Francis I. Ukekwe, Onyekachi C. Nwokoro, Celestine E. Nnamani, Isaiah O. Nwidenyi, Ikechukwu Ugwueke","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.357","url":null,"abstract":"Gossypiboma (GB) is a rare but avoidable cause of failure in surgical intervention due to retention of a surgical swab in the body after an operation. It leads to potentially fatal complications with far reaching medico-legal implications. We report a case of a 28-year-old female who presented with a month history of severe abdominal pain following a myomectomy surgery. Abdominopelvic ultrasound and Computed Tomography (CT) reported an ill-defined mass in the abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy revealed extensive peritoneal adhesions, and a hard mass walled off by the greater omentum and adherent to the jejunum. Histopathological evaluation of the excised mass showed gauze-like material surrounded by intense granulomatous inflammation, adherent to intestinal segments. She was subsequently treated with ceftriaxone, metronidazole and pentazocine, and discharged home after an uneventful postoperative period.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instantaneous stroke risk assessment of adults in Enugu, South East Nigeria: results from a random point survey","authors":"Ijeoma B. Ndionuka, Ikenna O. Onwuekwe, Oluchi S. Ekenze, Birinus Ezeala-Adikaibe, Chidinma Orah, Victor Madu, Chiamaka Okereke","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.206","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke remains a major cause of morbidity, death, and disability around the world, most especially in black Africans. Understanding the magnitude and appreciation of stroke risk in susceptible populations remains a key strategy in reducing stroke burden. This study examined and compared 5-year stroke risk in an adult population in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. A point cross-sectional survey assessing stroke risk in adults was done in October 2019 in the city of Enugu as part of the World Stroke Day commemoration using the Stroke Riskometer app, and the data was analyzed. Ethical approval was obtained. The total number of participants in this survey was 117 traders in a market in the Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria. More males, 63%, than females, 37%, participated in this study. The total mean age was 47.50 years, with a total mean 5-year stroke risk of 3.93. Stroke risk was noted to be higher in females 4.56 than in males 3.56. Elevated blood pressure was present in 35% of the participants, and elevated blood glucose was seen in 5% of the total population. The World Stroke Organization’s Stroke Riskometer app is a valuable tool in assessing stroke risks especially in resource poor settings. This app also serves as a cost-effective method of conducting epidemiological research in stroke and other non-communicable diseases internationally. Hypertension remains the most common risk factor for stroke globally. Higher stroke risk in females likely associated with higher mean age.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of developmental delay and associated risk factors among At Risk Surveillance System (ARSS) children at United Bulawayo Hospitals, Zimbabwe","authors":"Precious Madzimbe, Joanne Potterton","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.319","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, 8.4% of children under five years of age have developmental disorders, with sub-Saharan Africa having the highest prevalence. In Zimbabwe, the At Risk Surveillance System (ARSS) follows up on babies with known developmental risk factors for early detection of developmental delay. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of developmental delay in children under the ARSS at United Bulawayo Hospitals (UBH). A descriptive cross-sectional study systematically sampled 160 babies enrolled in the ARSS between 2019 and 2020. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID-III) tool was used to assess cognitive, motor, and language domains. Developmental delay risk factors were also noted from caregivers and patient files. A prevalence of 83.7% developmental delay was established in our sample, the majority of whom had mild developmental delay. The most important risk factors for developmental delay in all three domains were neonatal convulsions (Adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR, 5.6, p=0.03), Apgar scores of <5 (aOR 2.6, p=0.02), and being a boy (aOR 7.1, p<0.001). Developmental delay of 83.7% is higher than in previous findings because children included in this study had known risk factors for developmental delay. The risk factors were similar to those identified by other studies. Children with the most important risk factors need close monitoring as they have a high chance of developmental delay. Children with known risk factors should be closely monitored using the BSID-III, while the rest can be screened using cheaper and faster tools such as the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ).","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned: audit of the record-keeping quality of a tertiary hospital’s mammography service","authors":"Amaka Obiageli Nnamani, Nneka Ifeyinwa Iloanusi, Ngozi Regina Dim, Nwamaka Ngozika Lasebikan  , Chidimma Nnonyelum  Okwor, Ifeoma Joy Okoye","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.343","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In diagnostic centers offering mammography, periodic audit of medical archived procedures is an important component of a quality assurance program; this ensures optimal follow-up of positive cases and establishment of measures to combat any deficiencies. The study aimed to audit the record-keeping of the mammography service in a tertiary institution, with a view to improving its efficiency. A retrospective audit of request forms, questionnaires, mammograms, and reports of 1,098 women who had mammography at the radiology department of a public tertiary hospital between 2011 and 2018. An internal audit of records evaluated the completeness of clinical information on the request forms, questionnaires, accuracy of diagnosis, and state of stored mammographic films, years later. Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23 were used for the analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics, respectively. Two hundred and thirty (21%) and 791 (72%) women had screening and diagnostic mammography, respectively; their ages ranged from 31 to 85 years. Indication of study was not stated on 73 (7%) request forms and 281 (26%) request forms were improperly filled. There were 52 (4.7%) women not clerked with the questionnaire, while 158 (14%) had no clinical breast examination prior to imaging. One hundred and thirty (12%) mammograms were damaged, while 2 were missing and not reviewed. Our study revealed a significant lapse in quality of our mammography record archival system. Evidence obtained helped institute necessary measures in place for digitization and quality control of mammography services.","PeriodicalId":484760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of clinical and biomedical research","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135982627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}