{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Obesity in Functional Cognition (Part I): Epidemiology and Alternations in Brain Structure","authors":"Ronnie Callaghan","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re692","url":null,"abstract":"The condition of obesity, which is defined by an excessive amount of adipose tissue, is being increasingly acknowledged as having significant consequences for the structure and functioning of the brain. Numerous studies have demonstrated that obesity is linked to significant modifications in the structure of the brain, encompassing variations in the volume of gray matter, the integrity of white matter, and modifications in particular brain regions responsible for regulating appetite and cognitive control. For example, research employing neuroimaging methodologies such as magnetic resonance imaging has consistently indicated that individuals with obesity frequently display diminished gray matter volume in areas such as the prefrontal cortex, which is known to play a critical role in processes such as decision-making and impulse control. Furthermore, there have been observations of white matter abnormalities that impact the interconnection among brain regions responsible for hunger regulation and reward processing. These abnormalities may potentially play a role in the development of overeating tendencies and compromised self-control. The aforementioned alterations in structure are not solely connected to obesity, but are also correlated with cognitive deficits, namely in domains pertaining to memory, attention, and executive functioning. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the complex correlation between obesity and brain structure is of utmost importance, as it provides valuable insights into the neurological foundations of cognitive impairments in individuals affected by obesity. Moreover, this knowledge serves as a basis for the creation of specific interventions aimed at alleviating the cognitive repercussions associated with this widespread public health issue.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Obesity in Functional Cognition (Part II): Cognition Impairment and Underlying Mechanisms, and Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases","authors":"Ronnie Callaghan","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re701","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obesity and Cognition: What Do We Need to Do?","authors":"Hayashida Oyabu","doi":"10.15354/si.23.co127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.co127","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of obesity on cognition is a growing concern in the disciplines of public health and neuroscience. As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise, it is increasingly evident that excess adiposity is not only a risk factor for various physical health conditions but also exerts a substantial influence on cognitive function. There are associations between obesity and cognitive deficits, particularly in memory, executive function, and attention, according to research. Given the profound societal and individual repercussions of cognitive impairment, it is imperative to develop comprehensive strategies to address this complex relationship. These strategies should include early prevention efforts, interprofessional healthcare models, and policies promoting healthy lifestyles. By addressing the impact of obesity on cognition with these multifaceted strategies, we can preserve cognitive health and mitigate the cognitive decline associated with this global health issue. To refine these strategies and advance our comprehension of the obesity-cognition nexus, additional research and interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Obesity in Functional Cognition (Part III): Risk Factors and Studying Challenges","authors":"Ronnie Callaghan","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re709","url":null,"abstract":"Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors, devising efficacious therapies, and tackling the methodological obstacles inherent in investigating the cognitive consequences of obesity are imperative undertakings in both clinical and research contexts. The complex interaction between metabolic, inflammatory, and lifestyle factors highlights the necessity of adopting a holistic strategy to address cognitive impairments in patients with obesity. The resolution of methodological obstacles, including ethical concerns and the identification of suitable evaluation instruments, is crucial for the progression of our understanding in this domain and the enhancement of cognitive well-being among individuals impacted by obesity.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating China’s Retired Teacher Re-employment Programs from the Perspective of Human Capital Theories","authors":"Yunfeng Shi","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re712","url":null,"abstract":"Human capital is the most crucial to social development among all forms of resources. The exploitation of high-quality human capital in retired teachers is of vital significance for China’s socio-economic development. This article described the implementation of China’s retired teacher re-employment programs and examined their practical significance from the perspective of human capital theories with the purpose of providing implications for the reform of teacher staffing and optimization of human resources utilization in China.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136341480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Security Issues in Distributed Database Management Systems: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Anubha Pathak, Sameer Saxena","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re661","url":null,"abstract":"Database management systems (DBMS) are essential systems of software technologies for multi-level and multi-angled operations with the utmost security. Currently, its form of distributed database, i.e. DDB, is very popular in communication networks. The current write-up is aimed at investigating important security aspects and issues, exploring some major challenges pertinent to the security of DDB, finding solutions to the same, and eventually talking about some future opportunities through promoting research towards curbing these security-related points. To accomplish these tasks, the author has reviewed some of the latest and most pertinent research articles of the last ten years. It comprises the application of DDBMS, major pertinent issues within its range of investigation, and a conclusion.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135945782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Yogurt Consumption on Life Expectancy","authors":"Robert J. McCrary","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re685","url":null,"abstract":"Yogurt, a widely consumed dairy product that undergoes fermentation, has garnered considerable interest due to its perceived capacity to promote health and well-being. The objective of this paper is to provide a thorough examination of the scholarly literature pertaining to the correlation between the consumption of yogurt and longevity. This study investigates the nutritional composition of yogurt, the significance of probiotics, potential mechanisms affecting lifespan, and the implications of yogurt consumption on chronic diseases and gastrointestinal well-being. Based on the existing body of evidence, it can be inferred that the consumption of yogurt potentially plays a role in extending the duration of one’s life by virtue of its positive impact on overall health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135945784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sports and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Physical Activity in Cognition Health","authors":"Nhu Kaur, Terry Lee Ng","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re650","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an advancing neurodegenerative condition distinguished by a gradual deterioration of cognitive functions, including memory impairment and diminished functional capabilities. The issue presents a substantial global public health concern, as there is a growing prevalence of affected persons annually. In the pursuit of innovative strategies to delay or mitigate the beginning of AD, scholars have turned their attention to the exploration of physical activity as a potentially fruitful area of study. This review aims to investigate the correlation between engagement in sports activities and the development of AD. It will analyze the potential advantages of physical exercise on cognitive well-being and discuss the significance of these findings for strategies related to the prevention and treatment of the disease. We integrate data derived from epidemiological investigations, clinical trials, and neuroscientific inquiries, thereby emphasizing the existing body of knowledge in this pivotal domain.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physically Adults, but Psychologically Infants: “Giant Babies” among Chinese College Students","authors":"Yuhua Luo, Mingbin Wang","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re673","url":null,"abstract":"There has been widespread public concern in recent years about the phenomenon of “giant babies,” particularly among college students. Giant-baby college students are those who are physically grown-up but psychologically immature. The article focuses on analyzing their behavioral traits and the harm of their giant baby syndrome, with the aim of offering valuable insights into this social issue.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parasite-Derived Components: An Updated Review of the Toxicological and Pharmacological Effects on the Host","authors":"Fabio Leal de Rossini","doi":"10.15354/si.23.re551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re551","url":null,"abstract":"The toxicological and pharmacological effects of parasite-derived components on the host have received extensive attention. A deep understanding of the toxicological and pharmacological effects of parasite-derived molecules on the host from the perspective of co-adaptation formed during the long-term parasite-host evolution process will not only deepen the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of parasites from the perspective of pathogenesis but also benefit from the perspective of treatment. From the perspective of disease, research and development based on the transformation and application of insect-derived components have become and will continue to be one of the most popular research tasks in the field of parasitology research. This article reviews the toxicological and pharmacological effects of several essential zoonotic parasites and their parasites in recent years in inducing and regulating host immune metabolism-related diseases and makes suggestions for the future direction of parasitology research.","PeriodicalId":484711,"journal":{"name":"Science insights","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}