Clinical Psychology Review最新文献

{"title":"The bidirectional association between peer relationships and internet addiction: A meta-analytic structural equation model based on longitudinal studies","authors":"Xianxin Meng ,&nbsp;Lujia Xu ,&nbsp;Shuling Gao ,&nbsp;Elisa Delvecchio ,&nbsp;Claudia Mazzeschi ,&nbsp;Carlo Garofalo","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decades of research implicates peer relationships in internet addiction. Yet, inconsistent findings, underpowered studies, and the tendency for researchers to assume one direction of influence have clouded understanding of whether peer relationships is a vulnerability factor for internet addiction, a consequence of internet addiction, or both. Our primary aim was to address this by using meta-analytic structural equation modeling to test cross-lagged reciprocal relations between peer relationships and internet addiction. Our secondary aim was to examine possible moderators that might explain heterogeneity across studies by conducting a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 37 articles were identified for inclusion, including 45,212 subjects. The results show that peer relationships significantly negatively predict internet addiction over time and vice versa. Moderating analyses showed that cultural background had moderating effects on the prediction of peer relationships on internet addiction. Time lag and cultural background had moderating effects on the prediction of internet addiction on peer relationships. The results reveal a complex bidirectional dynamic relationship between peer relationships and internet addiction, providing empirical basis and practical guidance for formulating targeted prevention and intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102650"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belief Updating Deficits in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Reut Zabag ,&nbsp;Yannick Vander Zwalmen ,&nbsp;Tobias Kube ,&nbsp;Kristof Hoorelbeke ,&nbsp;Ernst H.W. Koster ,&nbsp;Jutta Joormann","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prior studies have found that depression is linked to altered belief updating, but the strength and conditions of this association, such as its dependence on valence, remain unclear. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies that measured depressive symptoms and alterations in belief updating, in both updating-to-positive and updating-to-negative information directions.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched for studies examining belief updating and depressive symptomatology, resulting in retrieval of 29 papers (<em>N</em> = 3,130 individuals). Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Downs and Black checklist and risk for publication bias was assessed visually with funnel plots, as well as statistically with Egger's test and Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill procedure. Random effects models were used for calculating pooled effect sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found evidence for a small, significant association (<em>r</em> = −0.11) between depressive symptoms and deficits in updating-to-positive information, but not for updating-to-negative information. Heterogeneity in both models was low. Exploratory subgroup analyses pointed to significant differences in the updating-to-positive direction based on the paradigm used, but this was not significant in the updating-to-negative direction. There were few concerns regarding the risk of bias and no evidence suggesting publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Depression is linked to a specific deficit in updating beliefs in response to positive disconfirming information, whereas no association was found with updating beliefs in response to negative information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the mechanisms underlying the association between insecure attachment and intimate partner violence (IPV): Meta-analyses using two meta-analytical methods and a systematic review of mediators","authors":"Iana Wong ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Denson","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known about why insecure attachment is related to greater perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV). Many studies have examined the underlying mechanisms, but no studies have integrated them. The present article aimed to systematically identify and quantify the magnitude of the mediators between anxious and avoidant attachment and IPV perpetration and victimization. We used two meta-analytic methods (two-stage structural equation modelling and multi-level meta-analyses) to accomplish this goal. After screening 5087 records, 63 eligible studies were identified. The mediators were reviewed using the framework of the I³ model. We meta-analyzed seven categories of mediators, including: 1) jealousy, anger, distrust, and perceived partner's infidelity, 2) dysfunctional beliefs, 3) maladaptive personality traits, 4) relationship dissatisfaction, 5) dominance and need for control, 6) destructive communication, and 7) emotion dysregulation. Results showed that interpersonal instigating (jealousy, anger, distrust, and perceived partner's infidelity), interpersonal impelling (relationship dissatisfaction, dominance and need for control, destructive communication), and personal disinhibiting (emotion dysregulation) factors significantly mediated the attachment-IPV relationships. The indirect effects of most instigating, impelling, and disinhibiting factors had small effect sizes, but interpersonal impelling factors such as dominance/need for control and relationship dissatisfaction had medium effect sizes in the anxiety-IPV and avoidance-IPV links respectively. Moreover, some mediators between avoidance and IPV were significant without having significant direct effects. An additional 26 mediators were presented in the Systematic Review section. The findings suggest IPV interventions should consider addressing attachment insecurity along with the relevant mediators, especially interpersonal impellance for avoidant attachment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102645"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional perspective of dissociation and suicide-related outcomes: A Meta-analysis and systematic review","authors":"Serena Bruno,&nbsp;Gaia Cichetti,&nbsp;Patrizia Velotti PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between suicide-related outcomes and dissociation is a critical issue. In recent years, research has focused on understanding dissociation as an acquired capacity factor for suicide attempts. Moreover, meta-analysis findings demonstrate the relationship between dissociation and suicidal ideation. To unravel the role of dissociation in the development of suicidal ideation and attempt, this study adopts a multidimensional perspective, that conceptualizes a complex construct comprising distinct but related domains which reflects disruptions in perception, cognition, emotion, and somatic experience.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted systematic research on the main databases (PubMed, Medline, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycArticles), collecting the literature of the last 30 years. A total of 84 studies (N_totalsample = 129.582) studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 68 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The analyses are based on the Pearson correlation coefficient as the effect size for the relationship between suicide-related outcomes and dissociation domains. The outcome variables included suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide risk - a composite or dimensional construct reflecting the likelihood of suicidal thoughts or behaviors, as well as specific psychological factors associated with the emergence of suicidal outcomes, as reported in the selected studies.</div><div>We used a random effects model, conducted moderation analyses to explain the heterogeneity of study variance, controlled for publication bias, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>General dissociation was significantly correlated with suicidal risk (<em>r</em> = 0.29; <em>p &lt; .001</em>), suicidal ideation (<em>r</em> = 0.25; <em>p &lt; .001</em>), and suicide attempts (<em>r</em> = 0.27; <em>p &lt; .001</em>). A positive and significant relationship was found between suicidal ideation and detachment (<em>r</em> = 0.31; <em>p &lt; .001</em>), as well as with maladaptive daydreaming (<em>r</em> = 0.27; <em>p &lt; .001</em>). A statistically significant but small association was also observed between suicide attempts and somatoform dissociation (<em>r</em> = 0.02; <em>p &lt; .001</em>), whereas a stronger connection was found with suicidal ideation (<em>r</em> = 0.31; <em>p &lt; .001</em>). Moderator effects related to sample characteristics, sociocultural factors, and methodological quality of studies were identified with no evidence of publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings support the importance of a multidimensional approach to examining dissociation and suicide-related outcomes, revealing differential relationships based on the specific domains assessed. The resulting clinical implications and future directions are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102647"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a transdiagnostic approach to psychopathology in the postpartum period","authors":"Jessilyn M. Froelich,&nbsp;Emily D. Gerstein","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychopathology research and clinical practice have historically relied on traditional diagnostic approaches, though there is a growing body of evidence suggesting these methods are likely outdated and are not suited for capturing the nuance and complexity of mental health symptomatology. Transdiagnostic approaches to psychopathology have been proposed as an alternative to traditional nosology, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or the International Classification of Diseases and their corresponding versions. The postpartum period may be a time when transdiagnostic approaches could be useful, as it has both normative and maladaptive psychological challenges with clear overlapping risk, protective, and maintenance factors related to its psychopathology. The benefits of taking a transdiagnostic approach in the postpartum period are vast – examining postpartum psychopathology transdiagnostically can help identify common thematic elements experienced by new mothers, thus leading to improved screening, further assessment, and targeted treatment. This paper reviews the current diagnostic approaches to postpartum psychopathology, the benefits of a transdiagnostic approach in the postpartum period, relevant biopsychosocial factors, and proposes ways to incorporate this transdiagnostic approach in a way that works to benefit new mothers. Additionally, potential challenges and barriers to implementation are explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102646"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between subjective and objective cognitive functioning from a transdiagnostic perspective: An umbrella review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ryan Van Patten ,&nbsp;Kyler Mulhauser ,&nbsp;Tara A. Austin ,&nbsp;John A. Bellone ,&nbsp;Erica Cotton ,&nbsp;Lawrence Chan ,&nbsp;Elizabeth W. Twamley ,&nbsp;Kelsey Sawyer ,&nbsp;W. Curt LaFrance Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between subjective (self-reported) and objective (performance-based) cognitive functioning has significant clinical implications across neuropsychiatric syndromes. We performed an umbrella review examining literature on the association between subjective and objective cognition from a transdiagnostic perspective. Eligible studies were full reports of review papers examining the relationship between subjective and objective cognition in humans across the lifespan. Risk of bias was evaluated using a modified version of the AMSTAR rating scale. Of 7329 initial reports screened, 50 reviews of mostly cross-sectional data were included. Review size ranged from 4 to 488 studies and demographic factors aside from age were rarely reported. Risk of bias was mixed. A narrative synthesis across more than 20 neuropsychiatric and neuromedical conditions found an inconsistent relationship between subjective and objective cognition, with effect sizes ranging from null to weak. Mental health factors such as depression and anxiety were more reliably and strongly related to subjective cognition than were objective cognitive test scores. In a second-order meta-analysis (10 reviews; <em>N</em> = 92,606), the pooled correlation between overall objective and subjective cognition was 0.14 (95 % CI [0.08, 0.21]; <em>p</em> = 0.001, Q(9) = 179.50, τ = 0.09, I² = 95.00, &lt;2 % variance shared). Subjective and objective cognition are largely non-overlapping constructs, reflecting unique and complementary aspects of overall cognitive functioning regardless of the specific population investigated or assessment method used. Researchers and clinicians should not expect to find concordance between concurrent self-reported cognition and neuropsychological testing, and simple discrepancies between subjective and objective cognition are so common as to be diagnostically unhelpful.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102648"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis on the effects of client preferences on treatment satisfaction, completion, and clinical outcome: A 10-year update","authors":"Charles B. Bennett ,&nbsp;Emma K. Toevs ,&nbsp;Abby Angus ,&nbsp;Rebecca Krawczak ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Trentacosta ,&nbsp;Divya Jagadeesh ,&nbsp;Claire S. Tomlinson ,&nbsp;Oliver Lindhiem","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current meta-analysis sought to provide a 10-year update to a previously published meta-analysis (<span><span>Lindhiem et al., 2014</span></span>) focusing on the effects of patient preference or active choice on treatment satisfaction (<em>k</em> = 25), treatment completion (<em>k</em> = 27), and clinical outcome (<em>k</em> = 46) in the treatment of psychological and medical conditions. A literature search identified 26 new randomized controlled trials that were published over the past 10 years. These new studies, when combined with the studies from the original meta-analysis, yielded a total of 59 articles describing 60 studies. The overall effect sizes were similar to the original meta-analysis, with small effects being observed for treatment satisfaction (ES_d = 0.26; <em>p</em> &lt; .001), completion (ES_OR = 1.30; ES_d = 0.14; <em>p</em> &lt; .001), and outcome (ES_d = 0.14; <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Also similar to the original meta-analysis, these effects were generally consistent across moderators, with the exception of the condition being treated. Individuals with depression who made an active choice or otherwise received their preferred treatment were more likely to complete treatment compared to treatments for other presenting problems. Over the past 10 years, research on patient preference has expanded to new psychological and medical conditions, and new studies frequently included a psychoeducation component (i.e., informed choice). Study findings highlight the potential benefit of assessing patient preference and shared decision making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102644"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angry without Borders: Global prevalence and factors of intermittent explosive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Fangqing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise global data on the prevalence, determinants, and moderators of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). Analysing 29 studies (<em>N</em> = 182,112 participants across 17 countries), pooled lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates were 5.1 % (95 % CI: 3.4–7.5 %) and 4.4 % (95 % CI: 2.9–6.7 %), respectively. Prevalence varied significantly across subgroups, with higher rates in clinical (10.5 %), refugee (8.5 %), and adolescent populations. Male gender (OR = 3.39), younger age, trauma exposure, and psychiatric comorbidities (mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders) emerged as robust risk factors. Studies using DSM-5 criteria reported lower prevalence than DSM-IV. Regional disparities were notable, with elevated rates in conflict-affected and Global South regions. Heterogeneity was partially explained by population type, diagnostic criteria, and sociocultural context. Findings underscore the multifactorial etiology of IED, shaped by biological vulnerabilities, trauma, and structural adversities. A tiered intervention framework integrating universal prevention, targeted therapies, and policy advocacy is therefore proposed to address its global burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102643"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Together and beyond: A systematic review on characteristics and efficacy of transdiagnostic psychotherapeutic group-based interventions for children and adolescents","authors":"Celia Bähr ,&nbsp;David Phan ,&nbsp;Natalia Murawska ,&nbsp;Julia Gerber ,&nbsp;Annie Jordan ,&nbsp;Kyra Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Claudia Calvano","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transdiagnostic group interventions address the limitations of youth mental health care services, including the disorder-specific nature of existing treatments and the limited capacity of individual psychotherapies. This review synthesizes the 1) characteristics, applications, parental involvement, patient and public involvement (PPI), and 2) data on efficacy, adherence, safety and treatment satisfaction evidence of transdiagnostic group interventions for children and adolescents. Following PRISMA guidelines, a preregistered systematic literature search identified 6845 publications on transdiagnostic in-person group-based interventions for children and adolescents (mean age ≤ 18 years). Two reviewers independently screened for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tool. The review examined 80 studies encompassing 4152 participants (<em>M</em>_{age =} 12.81 years), mostly conducted in high-income countries. Cognitive behavioural therapy was the most commonly used approach (<em>κ</em> = 59), with the core components mindfulness, emotion regulation, and cognitive restructuring. Interventions averaged 11 sessions and 52 % involved parents. 22 studies targeted anxiety and depression jointly with positive pre-post effects. Significant reductions in symptom severity were also reported for other disorders, though outcome measures highly varied and group comparisons with active control conditions or treatment-as-usual were often non-significant. Few studies examined disorder-unspecific outcomes like psychosocial functioning, quality of life, or reported remission rates, treatment satisfaction or applied a PPI framework. While a large number of different transdiagnostic group interventions for youth have been developed and evaluated, the lack of rigorous reporting and high risk of bias highlight the need for better-quality research to strengthen evidence and improve clinical implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102642"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underrepresentation and moderation of parent education levels in ADHD psychosocial treatment trials: A meta-analysis","authors":"Samantha M. Margherio ,&nbsp;Hannah Brockstein ,&nbsp;Azadeh Bakhtiari ,&nbsp;Steven W. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We sought to ascertain the representativeness of psychosocial treatment trials for youth with ADHD in terms of parent education (PE) and race and to determine whether these study characteristics moderated treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>High-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with ADHD conducted in the U.S. and published between 2007 and 2025 were included in this study if they reported PE (% of parents with a college degree or higher) and race/ethnicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 46 studies were included, representing 5837 participants. Between 48 % and 52 % of parents had a college degree or higher, compared to 38 % in the U.S. population. Two-thirds of studies overrepresented highly educated parents. Samples were generally representative of diverse races and ethnicity, although this appeared driven by the 35 % of studies that oversampled racially minoritized youth whereas 26 % underrepresented racially minoritized youth. Subgroup meta-analyses indicated treatment was only superior to control conditions in reducing ADHD symptoms in samples with highly educated parents. For race, treatment was only associated with significant effects on hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms among racially-representative samples who also had high PE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings question the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for youth with ADHD for families of diverse educational backgrounds. There is a dire need to recruit more diverse samples in terms of PE, and to develop interventions that are effective for families across all educational backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102639"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}