Clinical Psychology Review最新文献

{"title":"The use of biomarkers as measures of PTSD treatment efficacy and predictors of treatment outcomes: A systematic review","authors":"Jorge A. Cao-Noya,&nbsp;Cossette Canovas,&nbsp;Lorraine T. Benuto","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments might be hampered by individual differences. In order to maximize treatment efficacy in existing and newly developed interventions, controlling for individual variables is essential in treatment research. Given the marked physiological correlates of PTSD, biomarkers represent a promising solution. Throughout the PTSD literature, biomarkers have been used to assess treatment effects and predict treatment outcomes. However, the wide variety of biomarkers studied, along with several conflicting results, hinder researchers' abilities to comprehensively interpret the results reported. This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify and classify all biomarkers used to assess the efficacy of PTSD interventions and identify pre-treatment biomarkers able to predict treatment outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified 70 studies that assessed biomarkers sensitivity to treatment effects and 25 that used biomarkers to predict treatment outcomes. Well-established treatments and newly developed protocols were included. The results were classified and interpreted by biomarker type. Indicators of neuroanatomical structures and functions were the most commonly studied biomarkers, followed by markers of cardiac activation and glucocorticoid analytes. Cardiac activation markers, and concretely heart rate reactivity to trauma cues, showed the most consistent findings, serving as a valuable method to assess treatment effects across different populations and treatment modalities. Other biomarkers showed promising trends both as predictors of treatment outcomes and measures of treatment efficacy, although essential methodological differences significantly impacted the comparison across studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102579"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of psychosocial interventions for young offspring of parents with a serious physical or mental illness: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Giulia Landi ,&nbsp;Kenneth I. Pakenham ,&nbsp;Zhangxuan Bao ,&nbsp;Roberto Cattivelli ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Crocetti ,&nbsp;Eliana Tossani ,&nbsp;Silvana Grandi","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serious parental physical or mental illness significantly increases the risk of adverse adjustment outcomes in adolescents and young adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of psychosocial interventions targeting this vulnerable group. Eligible randomized control trials (RCTs) were searched through the Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Cinahl, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses databases. Young offspring outcomes included: psychological (including internalizing and externalizing problems), positive, and interpersonal adjustment. Thirty-one manuscripts reporting on twenty-seven independent RCTs, including 3590 adolescent and young adult offspring, met eligibility criteria. Most of the studies targeted adolescents with a mean age within ±1 SD of 12.17–16.33 years, with only one study directly targeting young adults. Three-quarters of studies included parental mental illness, and the remaining parental physical illness. Results highlighted a small post-intervention effect for psychological adjustment (<em>d</em> = 0.17,[0.05,0.29], <em>p</em> = .006), maintained at short-term (3–12 months) follow-up (<em>d</em> = 0.33 [0.12,0.54], <em>p</em> = .002), but not at long-term (15 months or longer) follow-up (<em>d</em> = −0.00 [−0.19,0.19], <em>p</em> = .98). A similar pattern emerged for internalizing problems, while for externalizing problems, no significant post-intervention effect was detected. Results also showed a small post-intervention effect for positive adjustment (<em>d</em> = 0.36,[0.10,0.61], <em>p</em> = .006), which increased to a medium effect at short-term follow-up (<em>d</em> = 0.62,[0.15,1.09], <em>p</em> = .010). Post-intervention effects were not present for interpersonal adjustment. Intervention duration moderated effects on post-intervention outcomes, while intervention setting and gender balance moderated outcomes at follow-ups. Psychosocial interventions for young offspring of parents with serious illnesses appear effective in improving psychological and positive outcomes with small-to-moderate effects at post-intervention and short-term follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102569"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpersonal problems as a predictor of treatment outcome in adult depression: An individual participant data meta-analysis","authors":"Juan Martín Gómez Penedo ,&nbsp;Manuel Meglio ,&nbsp;Christoph Flückiger ,&nbsp;Frederik J. Wienicke ,&nbsp;Jasmijn Breunese ,&nbsp;Marco Menchetti ,&nbsp;Paola Rucci ,&nbsp;Robert Johansson ,&nbsp;Joel M. Town ,&nbsp;Allan A. Abbass ,&nbsp;Peter Lilliengren ,&nbsp;R. Michael Bagby ,&nbsp;Lena C. Quilty ,&nbsp;Lotte H.J.M. Lemmens ,&nbsp;Suzanne C. van Bronswijk ,&nbsp;Michael Barkham ,&nbsp;William B. Stiles ,&nbsp;Gillian E. Hardy ,&nbsp;Peter Fonagy ,&nbsp;Patrick Luyten ,&nbsp;Ellen Driessen","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Interpersonal problems are a fundamental feature of depression, but study-level meta-analyses of their association with treatment outcome have been limited by heterogeneity in primary studies' analyses and reported results. We conducted a pre-registered individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) to examine this relationship for adult depression. This meta-analytic strategy can reduce variability by standardizing data analysis across primary studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included studies examining the efficacy of five treatments for adult depression and assessing interpersonal problems at baseline. One-stage IPD-MA was conducted with three-level mixed models to determine whether baseline overall interpersonal distress, agency, and communion predicted depressive symptom level at post-treatment, 12-month, and 24-month follow-up. The moderating effect of treatment type was also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten studies (including <em>n</em> = 1282 participants) met inclusion criteria. Only overall interpersonal distress was negatively related with outcomes at post-treatment (<em>γ</em> = 0.11, CI₉₅[0.06, 0.16], <em>r</em> = 0.11), 12-month follow-up (<em>γ</em> = 0.17, CI₉₅[0.08, 0.25], <em>r</em> = 0.17), and 24-month follow-up (<em>γ</em> = 0.16, CI₉₅[0.05, 0.26], <em>r</em> = 0.16), indicative of smaller effect sizes. The agency and communion dimensions were not significantly related to outcome. Treatment type did not significantly moderate interpersonal distress-outcome associations.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Results show a small association between patient baseline overall interpersonal distress and subsequent depression treatment outcome in brief treatments for depression. Further studies might require to account for therapist effects.</div><div>Registration number osf.io/u46t7</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102570"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When and how do parent-child acculturation gaps matter? A systematic review and recommendations for research and practice","authors":"Serena Shukla ,&nbsp;Ryan J. Smith ,&nbsp;Anastasiia Burik ,&nbsp;Dillon T. Browne ,&nbsp;Hali Kil","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parents and youth often adjust to new cultures at differing rates, resulting in parent-child acculturation gaps. The acculturation-gap distress hypothesis theorizes that these differences may negatively impact the child, parent, and family; however, findings remain inconsistent. In this systematic review, we provide an up-to-date synthesis of existing research on the parent-child acculturation gap among immigrant families and whether and when children's social and psychological outcomes, parenting, and family functioning are impacted. Further, we build upon the differential nuances of the culture of the gap—receiving or heritage—that relate to these outcomes. A systematic search in five databases for relevant studies up to January 15, 2025 resulted in a total of 98 included records. Contrary to the acculturation gap-distress hypothesis, more than half of the included studies indicated no association between the receiving and heritage culture parent-child gap and child, parenting, or family outcomes. We discuss notable exceptions to this pattern, indicating when and how family and child outcomes may be implicated. We conclude with clinical and research recommendations to guide future approaches for understanding the relevance of parent-child acculturation gaps for family and child outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102568"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synthesis of meta-analyses of immersive virtual reality interventions in pain","authors":"Tessa Rooney ,&nbsp;Louise Sharpe ,&nbsp;Natalie Winiarski ,&nbsp;Jemma Todd ,&nbsp;Ben Colagiuri ,&nbsp;Dimitri Van Ryckeghem ,&nbsp;Geert Crombez ,&nbsp;Stefan C. Michalski","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The severity and impact of pain can vary greatly, even in individuals with the same physical injury. This variation underscores the need for a variety of treatment strategies in effective pain management. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that has been used as a treatment in diverse pain populations and for diverse indications. In recent decades, many trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have examined the impact of VR for pain management. While there is some evidence for efficacy in terms of distraction, pre-exposure, and physical therapy; populations, comparators and interventions differ significantly between existing meta-analyses. Thus, the present umbrella review was conducted to determine the overall strength of evidence for all identified populations, comparators, and interventions by synthesising available meta-analyses. Fifty-four meta-analyses reporting on the effect of immersive VR interventions in pain management were identified. Overall, VR interventions appeared efficacious for procedural pain conditions, where used for distraction, and when compared to standard care. While there was some evidence for efficacy in chronic pain populations, this only indicated short-term improvement in pain intensity. We also identified numerous areas for future research wherein the available results were inconclusive, such as examining long term interventions and outcomes for chronic pain populations, reporting of adverse events, and examining the efficacy of VR interventions designed for physical therapy, augmented cognitive therapies, or pre-exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102566"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puberty and ADHD: A scoping review and framework for future research","authors":"Emily Friedel ,&nbsp;Nandi Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;Lexy Staniland ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Silk","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with ADHD may experience puberty differently from their peers, which has implications for their health and wellbeing. This scoping review characterised and summarised literature reporting quantitative analyses of puberty and ADHD. To identify studies, nine databases (MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, Embase, PsycInfo, ERIC, CENTRAL, PsycExtra, WHO ICTRP, and ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses) were searched using key terms related to puberty/pubertal hormones and ADHD/ADHD traits. From 2795 initial records, 89 studies were eligible. Relevant analyses in included studies were categorised under five topics: 1) pubertal group comparisons between participants with ADHD and control participants; 2) associations between puberty and ADHD; 3) prevalence of ADHD in atypical puberty conditions; 4) ADHD medication effects on puberty; and 5) puberty and co-occurring psychological conditions. With some exceptions, summarised findings for each topic were generally inconsistent, indicating further well-planned primary studies are needed. A framework for future research is provided, recommending methodological improvements, including use of approaches that capture the complexities of puberty and ADHD, more inclusive sampling, and employing theories/models that recognise dynamics between puberty, psychological, social, and other biological factors. Additionally, it is recommended that research priorities in this area are identified in collaboration with key stakeholders, especially the ADHD community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102567"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Momentary Assessment in psychotherapy research: A systematic review","authors":"Fabienne Mink ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Lutz ,&nbsp;Miriam I. Hehlmann","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) stands as a valuable method to capture real-time data on individuals' daily experiences and behaviors. In recent years, the utilization of EMA as a measurement method has substantially increased with the majority of studies emphasizing its clinical utility. However, a comprehensive overview of its use in psychotherapy research is lacking. This study addresses that gap by systematically reviewing EMA's application in psychotherapy research. In total, 168 studies met the inclusion criteria and were classified according to clinical utilization. Six areas of clinical EMA application were identified: prediction of therapy outcome (<em>n</em> = 8), prediction of psychopathology (<em>n</em> = 40), prediction of biopsychosocial states (<em>n</em> = 44), evaluation of therapy outcome (<em>n</em> = 21), acquisition of further clinical insights into specific disorders (<em>n</em> = 68) and adaptation of treatment processes (<em>n</em> = 18). Despite studies consistently highlighting EMA's potential in tailoring psychotherapeutic treatments, its limited use in this area warrants further research. Drawing from our findings, we discuss future research directions for the direct application of EMA in psychotherapeutic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102565"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experience and role of dissociation in psychosis following developmental trauma: A systematic review","authors":"Eirini Aikaterini Melegkovits ,&nbsp;Rui Tang ,&nbsp;Olivia Pounds ,&nbsp;Katie Ashcroft ,&nbsp;Paul Jung ,&nbsp;Helen Kennerley ,&nbsp;Peter Fonagy ,&nbsp;Michael Bloomfield","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developmental trauma (DT), defined as abuse or neglect before age 18, is linked with elevated risk and poorer outcomes in psychosis. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the relationship between DT and dissociation in psychosis and discern the potential mediating role of dissociation in the link between DT and psychotic manifestations. Our study protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022330026). We adopted broad criteria, including a variety of methodologies exploring dissociation post-DT in individuals exhibiting psychosis or psychotic features. Risk of bias was assessed for all included studies. Our review incorporated 40 studies, totalling 6941 participants. A significant moderate association was observed between DT and dissociation (<em>r</em> = 0.33 (95 %CI: 0.28–0.38)), underscored by dose-response effects. Sexual and emotional abuse demonstrated the most robust associations with dissociation. Individuals with psychosis and DT reported elevated dissociation relative to their non-traumatized counterparts. Dissociation mediated the link between DT and positive psychotic symptoms, notably hallucinations, across clinical and general populations. Five studies pinpointed dissociation's mediating role in tying DT to paranoia and delusional ideation. The review delves into clinical considerations, emphasizing screening for psychotic and dissociative symptoms in DT survivors, and outlining dissociation management strategies. Future research, employing longitudinal, qualitative, and experimental approaches, remains paramount.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102564"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals with minoritized and intersecting identities in the prevention of body image and eating disorder pathology: Grounding theoretical frameworks of resilience and risk","authors":"Rachel R. Rodgers ,&nbsp;Ariel L. Beccia ,&nbsp;Lauren M. Schaefer ,&nbsp;Vivienne M. Hazzard ,&nbsp;Natasha L. Burke","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with intersecting marginalized identities experience body image and eating pathology at disproportionately high rates. To date, research in this area has been limited by an absence of overarching and guiding frameworks to support hypothesis-driven research and interpretation of the findings. This constitutes an important barrier to the development of theoretically grounded intervention strategies. In this article, we review theoretical frameworks relevant to the investigation of body image and eating pathology among marginalized individuals using an intersectional lens and considering how processes of both risk and resilience unfold at multiple levels. We describe factors at the macrosystem (e.g., structural racism, capitalism, patriarchy), exosystem (e.g., food environment, social media, mass media), and microsystem (e.g., family, peers) levels. At the macrosystem level, we review critical race theories and those illuminating the role of systems that maintain power, privilege, and oppression, which describe how systemic discriminatory practices have led to marginalized individuals being neglected in efforts to conceptualize, identify, prevent, and treat body image and eating pathology. At the exosystem level, marginalized individuals experience heightened socioeconomic stressors and associated lack of access to resources that may impact body image and eating pathology. Furthermore, sociocultural theories focus on how visible marginalized identities are discriminated against, while white appearance ideals are upheld. At the micosystem level, we review sociocultural and minority stress theories that account for how interpersonal agents may perpetuate oppressive discourses and how marginalized individuals may experience negative interpersonal experiences that impact body image and eating pathology. We provide a comprehensive theoretical framework to guide future research on the distribution and determinants of inequities in body image and eating pathology among marginalized populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102554"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect sizes of randomized-controlled studies of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders over the past 30 years","authors":"Stefan G. Hofmann,&nbsp;Chantal Kasch,&nbsp;Andreas Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for the range of anxiety disorders as demonstrated in many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted over the past 30 years.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the change of CBT effect sizes over time, we tested whether publication year was a significant moderator.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>We pooled studies from three previously published meta-analyses and searched three electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science) to identify any additional studies published from February 1, 2022 to January 24, 2025. The final analysis included 49 studies comprising a total of 3645 participants.</div></div><div><h3>Study selection</h3><div>We selected RCTs comparing CBT for anxiety disorders with psychological or pill control conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Data extraction</h3><div>Two independent raters used predefined data fields, including study quality indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Data synthesis</h3><div>The mean effect size of all RCTs comparing CBT vs. controls revealed a Hedges' <em>g</em> of 0.51, 95 % <em>CI</em> [0.40, 0.62], with significant differences in effect sizes between the diagnostic groups. Uncontrolled pre-post effect size calculations revealed a large effect for CBT, Hedges' <em>g</em> = 1.18, 95 % <em>CI</em> [1.01, 1.34], and a medium effect for the control conditions, Hedges' <em>g</em> = 0.59, 95 % <em>CI</em> [0.47, 0.70]. A linear meta-regression of publication year on effect sizes (Hedges <em>g</em>) showed no significant change in effect sizes as compared to the control conditions over the span of the last 30 years (<em>B</em> = −0.008, <em>SE</em> = 0.006, <em>t</em>(47) = −1.18, <em>p</em> = 0.24).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders, the effect sizes did not increase over the last 3 decades. This calls for studies on the processes of treatment change to improve the efficacy of CBT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102553"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}