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“I Love It” Versus “I Recommend It”: The Impact of Implicit and Explicit Endorsement Styles on Electronic Word-of-Mouth Persuasiveness “我爱它”和“我推荐它”:内隐和外显背书风格对电子口碑说服力的影响
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231175083
Junyun Liao, Siying He, Wenting Feng, Raffaele Filieri
{"title":"“I Love It” Versus “I Recommend It”: The Impact of Implicit and Explicit Endorsement Styles on Electronic Word-of-Mouth Persuasiveness","authors":"Junyun Liao, Siying He, Wenting Feng, Raffaele Filieri","doi":"10.1177/00472875231175083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231175083","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers usually endorse tourism products differently when sharing positive electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). This research examines the relative persuasiveness of two endorsement styles, that is, explicit endorsement (e.g., “I recommend it”) and implicit endorsement (e.g., “I love it”). Drawing on the persuasion knowledge model, we propose that explicit endorsements are less persuasive than implicit endorsements because the former trigger stronger persuasion knowledge. We further argue that source trustworthiness mitigates the persuasion effect difference between the two endorsement styles. This article assesses these hypotheses across different sources (anonymous reviewers, friends, influencers), channels (online community, social commerce platform, social networking app), and products (hotels, restaurants) using secondary data analysis and two experiments. Three studies provide support for our hypotheses. By revealing the relationship between endorsement styles and eWOM persuasiveness, this article provides important implications for implementing effective product endorsement.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43488363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Animal Ethics and Tourism: Deepening a Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) Framework 动物伦理与旅游:刺激-生物-反应(S-O-R)框架的深化
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231175079
Pipatpong Fakfare, Jin-Soo Lee, J. Kim, H. Ryu, Heesup Han
{"title":"Animal Ethics and Tourism: Deepening a Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) Framework","authors":"Pipatpong Fakfare, Jin-Soo Lee, J. Kim, H. Ryu, Heesup Han","doi":"10.1177/00472875231175079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231175079","url":null,"abstract":"Animal ethics has been recognized as an emerging issue in tourism, but limited research has concentrated on tourists’ behaviors toward animal ethics and its fundamental mechanisms. This study develops a research framework to address this gap, including media coverage and organizational strategies on reducing animal abuse, cognitive and affective states toward animal ethics, norm activation model variables, and behavioral intentions using stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theory. Findings indicate that media coverage and organizational strategies can be construed as underlying external stimulus constructs within the S-O-R model in the background of animal-related tourism. This study additionally shows the mediating nature of cognitive and affective states. Findings particularly indicate that personal norm is the focal influencing factor of tourists’ behavioral/word-of-mouth intentions toward animal ethics. This research contributes to reducing animal abuse and understanding the underlying theoretical mechanism linked to tourist behaviors and animal ethics.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44829433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Relationship Norm Moderates Observers’ Reaction to Unearned Preferential Treatment 关系规范调节观察者对未获得优惠待遇的反应
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231175076
Robin Chark, Jessica Qian Wang
{"title":"Relationship Norm Moderates Observers’ Reaction to Unearned Preferential Treatment","authors":"Robin Chark, Jessica Qian Wang","doi":"10.1177/00472875231175076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231175076","url":null,"abstract":"Unearned preferential treatment has been shown to negatively affect bystander customers who observe the treatment but do not receive the benefit. In two studies we examine the watchers’ unfairness perception under different relationship norms. Study 1 compares unearned preferential treatment granted by a hotel versus a host of peer-to-peer accommodation. The unfairness perception is higher in the latter case. The sense of community in the peer-to-peer platform imbues consumers’ evaluation of their interactions with their peer-to-peer hosts with a different perspective based on communal norms. To directly test its moderating role, relationship norm is manipulated in Study 2, which shows that a communal relationship sensitizes the bystander to the unfair treatment that is considered a violation of the communal norms. This unfairness perception is found to have implications for satisfaction and repurchase intention.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45444673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Tourists are Angry or Fearful: (In)Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation in Changing Behavioral Intention 游客愤怒或恐惧时的情绪调节对行为意向的影响
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231173126
K. Tan, Xiang Li
{"title":"When Tourists are Angry or Fearful: (In)Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation in Changing Behavioral Intention","authors":"K. Tan, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1177/00472875231173126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231173126","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the efficacy of emotion regulation (ER) strategies used by tourists to manage negative emotions elicited by their on-site destination experiences. Specifically, suppression and reappraisal ER strategies were examined for their moderating impacts on the relationship between negative emotions (anger and fear) and tourists’ behavioral intention (negative word-of-mouth and revisitation). Through two pre-tests and three experiments involving video and text stimuli, findings are first revealed within a destination crowding context and replicated using tourist harassment. Empirical results in both contexts consistently demonstrate the superiority of reappraisal in down-regulating tourists’ experience of anger and fear and in alleviating negative word-of-mouth intention. In contrast, suppression significantly up-regulates the anger and fear felt and, as such, aggravates negative word-of-mouth intention. Findings also suggest that ER does not significantly moderate the effect of fear on revisit intention. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Well-being Through Transformation: An Integrative Framework of Transformative Tourism Experiences and Hedonic Versus Eudaimonic Well-being 转型中的幸福:转型旅游体验与享乐与幸福的整合框架
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231171670
Xingyu Huang, Peihao Wang, L. Wu
{"title":"Well-being Through Transformation: An Integrative Framework of Transformative Tourism Experiences and Hedonic Versus Eudaimonic Well-being","authors":"Xingyu Huang, Peihao Wang, L. Wu","doi":"10.1177/00472875231171670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231171670","url":null,"abstract":"Transformative tourism experiences are powerful life moments with the capacity to elevate individuals’ well-being. With the rise of transformative tourism and the growing attention to well-being, theoretical research is needed to outline the underlying processes that connect transformative tourism experiences with individual well-being. This study employed grounded theory to critically analyze a set of travel blogs that narrate individual tourists’ transformative tourism experiences. Specifically, we explored how sets of activities during transformative tourism (e.g., backpacker tourism, volunteer tourism, and study tours) contributed to travelers’ hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. We took psychological needs as processes of well-being realization to construct an integrated “activities–needs–well-being” conceptual framework to demonstrate how transformative tourism contributes to travelers’ hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43772572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Reducing Resistance to Sponsorship Disclosure: The Role of Experiential Versus Material Posts 减少对赞助披露的抵制：经验与材料帖子的作用
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231171668
Saleh Shuqair, G. Viglia, Diego Costa Pinto, A. Mattila
{"title":"Reducing Resistance to Sponsorship Disclosure: The Role of Experiential Versus Material Posts","authors":"Saleh Shuqair, G. Viglia, Diego Costa Pinto, A. Mattila","doi":"10.1177/00472875231171668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231171668","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing relevance of influencer marketing, recent research suggests that consumers have negative reactions to social media ads. Our research investigates how different types of disclosure (paid partnership vs. in-text disclosure) and post content (experiential vs. material) mitigate consumers’ negative reactions to social media advertisements. Four preregistered studies, drawing on the social exchange theory, reveal how the post content shapes the sponsorship disclosure effects. In particular, we show that a paid partnership (vs. in-text) disclosure has a positive impact on consumers’ responses (engagement and purchase intent) and that persuasion resistance mediates the effects. Furthermore, Study 3 reveals that the type of content (experiential vs. material) moderates the effect, such that consumers’ negative reactions to sponsorship disclosure are mitigated with experiential (vs. material) content. Overall, our results provide actionable implications for tourism marketers on how to create advertisements in social media, minimizing negative reactions to sponsorship disclosure.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48218238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Regenerative Management of Coastal Tourism Destinations for the Anthropocene 人类世海岸旅游目的地的再生管理
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231173125
Sergio Alvarez
{"title":"Regenerative Management of Coastal Tourism Destinations for the Anthropocene","authors":"Sergio Alvarez","doi":"10.1177/00472875231173125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231173125","url":null,"abstract":"The current geologic era—the Anthropocene—is defined by human-driven transformation of landscapes and seascapes that has profoundly altered Earth’s climate and other life-support systems. This letter advocates for a landscape-scale regenerative tourism management strategy aimed at transforming coastal destinations into carbon sinks (meaning they sequester more carbon than they release). Specifically, coastal destinations can transform product offerings into a network of restoration projects that collectively seek the landscape-scale restoration of blue carbon ecosystems such as marshes, mangroves, and seagrass meadows. Restoration of blue-carbon ecosystems is a cost-effective way to mitigate the effects of climate change. Tourism has potential to overcome obstacles in large-scale restoration of blue carbon ecosystems and can play a foundational role by providing a long-term presence at restoration sites, logistical and human resources, and a business model dependent on restored ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45884022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Slowing Down in “Little Shanghai”: A Nostalgia-induced Framework of Reciprocity between Psychological Ownership and Heritage Preservation “小上海”的慢下来：怀旧引发的心理所有权与遗产保护互动框架
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231171678
Z. Lin, Wilson Cheong Hin Hong, Xi Xiao
{"title":"Slowing Down in “Little Shanghai”: A Nostalgia-induced Framework of Reciprocity between Psychological Ownership and Heritage Preservation","authors":"Z. Lin, Wilson Cheong Hin Hong, Xi Xiao","doi":"10.1177/00472875231171678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231171678","url":null,"abstract":"While the phenomenon of nostalgic heritage travel has gained traction, scarce inquiries have researched how nostalgia for heritage sites can render a means for heritage preservation. This inquiry utilized a multi-method qualitative design, with Study 1 inferring nostalgic heritage travel motivations from travel experiences documented in online travel diaries. Study 2 adopted the psychological ownership theory with data originating from semi-structured interviews to construct a nostalgia-induced framework of reciprocity between psychological ownership and heritage preservation. Findings first unveil an array of nostalgic heritage travel motives ranging from nostalgic reminiscing and glorification to nostalgia-induced playfulness and healing. Further, findings point to a reciprocal pattern of psychological ownership–heritage preservation fostered by three routes: exercise of control, intimate knowing, and investment of the self. Together, this research illuminates a past–present–future synthesis of self–place relations. It presents the concept of reciprocity driven by nostalgia to increase understanding of heritage preservation.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46096996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Small Changes Make a Big Difference: The Impact of Visual Symbol Color Lightness on Destination Image 小的改变会产生大的不同:视觉符号颜色明暗对目标图像的影响
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/00472875231170218
Yun He, Xiao Li, K. Zhong
{"title":"Small Changes Make a Big Difference: The Impact of Visual Symbol Color Lightness on Destination Image","authors":"Yun He, Xiao Li, K. Zhong","doi":"10.1177/00472875231170218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231170218","url":null,"abstract":"Visual symbols, such as logos, landmark pictures, and mascots, play a significant role in attracting tourists and improving destination images. However, only a few studies have examined how the basic visual elements of these symbols influence potential tourists’ responses to a destination. This study aims to investigate the role of color lightness in destination visual symbols. Through three experiments, we repeatedly found that lightened visual symbols nudged consumers to evaluate their destination better. Furthermore, positive mental imagery mediated this effect. Nonetheless, the positive effect of lightened visual symbols on destination images was diminished when informational interventions were present. Our study provides new theoretical insights into destination images research by highlighting the positive effect of a fundamental visual attribute—symbol lightness. We suggest that tourism practitioners can make a “big difference” to the destination image by making “small changes,” such as adjusting visual symbol lightness.","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
There is No Place Like Home for the Holidays: Who Travels in the Midst of a Deadly Pandemic? 在假期里，没有比家更好的地方了:谁会在致命的大流行中旅行?
IF 8.9 2区 管理学
Journal of Travel Research Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/00472875221113888
Stephen W Litvin, Daniel Guttentag
{"title":"There is No Place Like Home for the Holidays: Who Travels in the Midst of a Deadly Pandemic?","authors":"Stephen W Litvin,&nbsp;Daniel Guttentag","doi":"10.1177/00472875221113888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221113888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2020 year-end holidays were a time of much apprehension regarding COVID-19, with U.S. health officials concerned that travel would result in a post-holiday surge of the disease. As such, much effort was expended encouraging people to forego their normal travel. Many Americans, however, ignored this advice and a strong uptick of travel within the U.S. was soon followed by an alarming increase in COVID cases. A U.S. online survey was conducted to better understand those individuals who made the risky decision to travel despite being encouraged by their government not to do so. Those who traveled for the holidays were compared with those who stayed home, based on their attitudes toward COVID, various psychographic characteristics associated with risk, political attitudes, and demographics. The between-group differences, shared herein, were startlingly clear. The findings are of theoretical value and will prove useful when setting policy and messaging during future crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":48435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Travel Research","volume":"62 5","pages":"1077-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10037125/pdf/10.1177_00472875221113888.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9242286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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