Children and Youth Services Review最新文献

{"title":"The association between witnessing domestic violence and trait aggression via anger rumination among Chinese college students: The moderated mediating role of socioeconomic status","authors":"Jiamei Li ,&nbsp;Jinping Cai ,&nbsp;Suo Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Violence exposure may be an important predictor of individual’s trait aggression. While plenty of studies have explored the effect of experiencing domestic violence, its witnesses are less researched. Besides, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of anger rumination on the link between witnessing domestic violence and trait aggression, and the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES) in this direct and indirect link. A total of 650 Chinese college students (<em>M</em> age = 19.68 years, <em>SD</em> = 1.17) completed self-report questionnaires, measuring witnessing domestic violence, trait aggression, anger rumination, and SES. The results showed that witnessing domestic violence was significantly positively associated with anger rumination and trait aggression. Moreover, anger rumination partially mediated the link between witnessing domestic violence and trait aggression. And SES significantly moderated the association between witnessing domestic violence and anger rumination such that the effect of witnessing domestic violence was much stronger in higher SES than lower SES. Findings of this study suggest a potential role of reducing rumination in the prevention and intervention of trait aggression, especially for the students of higher SES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach to exploring agency in migration research: The case of south-to-south migration among Venezuelan youth","authors":"Javiera García-Meneses ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Salas-Wright ,&nbsp;Michael G. Vaughn ,&nbsp;Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina ,&nbsp;Valentina Osses Cárcamo ,&nbsp;Melissa Bates ,&nbsp;Juliana Mejía-Trujillo ,&nbsp;Augusto Pérez-Gómez ,&nbsp;Seth J. Schwartz ,&nbsp;María Fernanda García","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migration is a complex phenomenon shaping population dynamics and global development, driven by interconnected economic, political, and environmental factors. The Venezuelan migration crisis has overwhelmed South America’s social and health services, with many migrants lacking legal status and facing increased risks, especially among children, who confront barriers in education, limited healthcare access, and heightened vulnerability to exploitation and violence. Despite this, research often overlooks the agency and perspectives of young migrants, who are frequently excluded from decision-making processes. This article aims to address this gap by exploring the migration experiences of Venezuelan youth in Colombia, with a focus on their involvement in migration decisions, the emotional challenges they face, and their integration into a new society. Grounded in a constructivist approach, the study employed a multi-method technique based on the I-poem method to analyze 32 interviews with Venezuelan youth aged 12–17, who arrived in Colombia between 2019 and 2020 and currently reside in Bogotá or Medellín. As a result, the findings convey two poems—<em>A New Life</em> (<em>Una Nueva Vida</em>) and <em>When Decided to Migrate</em> (<em>La Decisión de Migrar</em>). Such poems were crafted from interview fragments, reflecting the young migrants’ personal and collective narratives. The study’s findings call for a shift toward a child-centered perspective in migration research, recognizing young migrants as active agents who navigate complex emotional, social, and cultural challenges. We advocate for incorporating youth voices in policy development to address their needs and recommend participatory methodologies for future research and policymaking to better protect and empower young migrants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s voices in child welfare tribunal proceedings: documentation and weighting of children’s opinions on contact with biological parents after a care order","authors":"Helle Karina Johansen ,&nbsp;Stine Lehmann ,&nbsp;Karl Harald Søvig ,&nbsp;Ragnhild Bjørknes","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to provide insights into children’s participation in care order proceedings by examining Norwegian Child Welfare Tribunal decisions from 2018 and 2021. We explored the frequency and form of children’s participation, the weight given to their opinions on contact frequency and the factors influencing these processes. We further examined how discrepancies between the child’s and the municipality’s opinions affected the tribunal’s decisions on contact frequency. Using a repeated cross-sectional design, we analysed 728 tribunal decisions that led to foster care placement. Our findings indicated that older children and girls’ opinions were given more weight, while the opinions of younger children and boys were de-emphasised. Additionally, children’s requests for higher contact frequency were associated with lower weight given to their opinions but higher actual contact frequency granted by the tribunal. We also found that greater discrepancy between the child‘s opinion and the child’s protection opinion, yielded lower contact frequency in the tribunal decision. These findings underscore the need for improved and developmentally sensitive methods to assess and document children’s voices and ensure their perspectives are genuinely considered in decision-making. Addressing these gaps is crucial for upholding children’s rights consistently and fairly in child protection cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access and utilization of Portuguese mental healthcare services by migrant children and adolescents: perceptions and experiences of families","authors":"Rafael Inácio ,&nbsp;Rita Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Joana Pires ,&nbsp;Maria J. Marques ,&nbsp;Sónia Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the perceptions and experiences of migrant families regarding access and utilization of mental health services for children and adolescents in Portugal, addressing a critical gap in national research. A qualitative, exploratory approach was adopted, involving focus groups (FG) with migrant families recruited through non-governmental organizations. Participants included parents or caregivers from diverse cultural and migratory backgrounds. Five FG were conducted, stratified by shared linguistic and cultural characteristics, with 4 to 8 participants per group. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of utilization, barriers to access, and sources of support. Results revealed that migrant families face significant barriers, including bureaucratic obstacles in obtaining healthcare user numbers, economic constraints, geographic challenges, and language barriers. Emergency departments were frequently used as the main entry point to mental health care due to difficulties accessing primary care. Despite these challenges, formal support from NGOs and schools, as well as informal networks and technological tools such as translation apps, were identified as key facilitators in overcoming barriers. Participants emphasized the need for more culturally sensitive practices and better dissemination of information about the healthcare system. The findings highlight the urgent need for systemic changes to improve access to mental health services for migrant children and adolescents. Addressing institutional barriers and integrating community support mechanisms are critical to promoting equity in healthcare and ensuring better outcomes for vulnerable migrant populations in Portugal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Crossover kids’ in Manitoba: The intersection of the child protection system, youth criminal justice system and First Nations identity","authors":"Marni Brownell ,&nbsp;Rick Linden ,&nbsp;Nathan C. Nickel ,&nbsp;Lorna Turnbull ,&nbsp;Matthew Sanscartier ,&nbsp;Kayla Frank ,&nbsp;Lindey Courchene ,&nbsp;Wendy Au ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Enns ,&nbsp;Janelle B. Lee ,&nbsp;Hannah Owczar ,&nbsp;Chelsey McDougall ,&nbsp;Scott McCulloch ,&nbsp;Cora Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using linked, population-wide administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, we identified all children born in 1994 and followed them into early adulthood. We examined sociodemographics, educational achievement, involvement with child protection services (CPS), justice system contacts, and First Nations identity. We investigated the extent of overlap between ever being in out-of-home care of CPS and being charged with a crime in the youth criminal justice system, and how being First Nations intersects with these systems. We found that 36.4% of youth ever in care had a criminal charge between age 12–17, compared with 3.8% of youth with no CPS histories. Although First Nations comprise less than 15% of the Manitoba population, they accounted for 57% of children in care and 50.2% of youth with a criminal charge. More than 10 times as many First Nations youth had both a history of being in care and were charged with a crime, compared with all other Manitoba youth.</div><div>Reducing the number of children in CPS care has the potential to reduce youth criminal justice system involvement. Actions to reduce the number of children in care should be based on policies that address socioeconomic disparities and systemic discrimination and through community-based First Nations-led programs. Proportional, timely and culturally appropriate extra-judicial measures geared toward addressing grief and trauma could reduce subsequent justice system involvement. Engagement of the communities most affected by the cross-over between child protection and youth criminal justice – marginalized, racialized, and minoritized populations – is essential for effective program and policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring staff perspectives of working in secure care accommodation for young people: A systematic review of qualitative research","authors":"Carolyn Thomas ,&nbsp;Graham Walker ,&nbsp;Jason Lang ,&nbsp;Helen Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Secure care accommodation is a constantly evolving, challenging work environment where staff must adapt quickly, often with limited training. High turnover and burnout are common, driven by poor working conditions, stigma, and the complex needs of residents. This review explores staff experiences, focusing on safety, wellbeing, and the challenges of caring for vulnerable young people.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were identified by searching five online databases in October 2024. Two authors independently assessed study quality and risk of bias using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies were identified, revealing four key themes: safety and wellbeing in a high-risk environment, young people in their care, interpersonal relationships and therapeutic approaches, and staff working environment. Staff faced difficulties balancing safety and therapeutic care, particularly when control measures limited effective interventions. The complex needs of youth, including trauma and self-harm, necessitated tailored care, though inadequate staff training was a barrier. Strong staff-youth relationships and a non-authoritarian approach were crucial for emotional growth, while emotional regulation was essential for staff in their everyday work. Structured training and a supportive environment improved staff wellbeing and care quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings emphasise the challenges staff encounter, including insufficient training and lack of support. The study highlights the need for enhanced training, greater emotional support, and a relational, empathetic approach. Creating a more supportive environment for staff could improve their wellbeing and enhance the quality of care, fostering a safer, more constructive atmosphere for both staff and residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk or refuge? The dual role of affinity for solitude and deviant peer affiliation in the link between childhood maltreatment and youth depression: a mixed-methods study","authors":"Zhaoyang Xie ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuting Li ,&nbsp;Hiran Thabrew ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Bi ,&nbsp;Sijian Tang ,&nbsp;Jiansong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heterogeneity of child maltreatment is linked to depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, the underlying mechanisms concerning interpersonal relationships remain insufficiently explored. This study uses a mixed-methods approach to examine how interpersonal interaction patterns mediate the relationship between maltreatment and depression while exploring coping strategies in adversity through qualitative insights. A total of 2042 Chinese adolescents (<em>Mage</em> = 13.69 years, <em>SD =</em> 1.55; 53.18 % male) participated in this study in October 2023. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify profiles of childhood maltreatment. Mediation analysis examined the roles of affinity for solitude and Deviant Peer Association in linking maltreatment profiles to adolescent depressive symptoms. Thematic analysis further explored key factors that help adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment navigate challenges. Latent class analysis identified four patterns of childhood maltreatment among Chinese adolescents: Low Maltreatment Exposure (LME; 70.57 %), High Emotional Neglect and Physical Abuse with Moderate Physical Neglect (HENPA-PN; 13.52 %), High Maltreatment Exposure (HME; 6.51 %), and High Emotional Neglect and Physical Abuse with Moderate Emotional Abuse (HENPA-EA; 9.40 %). Mediation analysis revealed that, compared to the LME group, all other groups positively influenced depressive symptoms through affinity for solitude and deviant peer association. Finally, thematic analysis identified five key themes: personal positive personality, coping lifestyle strategies, emotional support and companionship, guidance from others and the power of role modeling. It is crucial to comprehend the heterogeneity of childhood maltreatment, patterns of interpersonal relationships, and potential support networks to enhance adolescent mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child care providers’ emotional distress links stressors to turnover intention: implications for rebuilding a healthy workforce","authors":"Sihong Liu ,&nbsp;Julia Mendez Smith ,&nbsp;Deborah Phillips ,&nbsp;Philip A. Fisher","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the early care and education (ECE) workforce, providers’ intentions to leave their child care positions (i.e., turnover intentions) have detrimental impacts on the quality of care and signal risks for high turnover rates, an issue that has been endemic to this workforce for decades. To better understand the process leading to provider turnover intentions, this study examined the extent to which providers’ personal and workplace stressors were linked to self-reported emotional distress and subsequently increased turnover intentions. Leveraging longitudinal data from a US sample of 701 home- and center-based child care providers, we found that one in three providers indicated intentions to leave their jobs within the next year. Results suggested full mediational pathways of three sources of stress – financial insecurities and instabilities, workplace disruptions, and concerns for children’s stress – on provider turnover intentions via elevated emotional distress, which highlighted the central role that provider emotional distress played in ECE issues of high turnover and low accessibility. Variations by sociodemographic (e.g., race/ethnicity and income levels) and program characteristics (e.g., roles in the workforce, program status of receiving pandemic-relieving stabilization funds) were discovered in providers’ experiences of personal and workplace stressors, as well as emotional distress. This study suggested ECE providers’ emotional distress and turnover intentions to be serious threats to the current policy and grogram efforts that attempt to stabilize the workforce and support families’ child care needs. Critical investments are identified to support a healthy workforce across different types of care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Accidental Hub: exploring English primary schools’ response to family needs and public policy within the shifting landscape of child protection and wellbeing","authors":"E. Maynard ,&nbsp;B. Lever-Taylor ,&nbsp;Y-S. Chang ,&nbsp;E. Jefferson ,&nbsp;S. Cooper ,&nbsp;S. Prawer ,&nbsp;J. Driscoll","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current English policy for child protection and promoting children’s wellbeing (child safeguarding) has placed increased emphasis on schools. Our study investigated how four English primary schools with attached nurseries (ages &lt; 11) in deprived communities are supporting families. Our findings illuminate the geographies and pressure points of school-based family support and the significance of this for schools, their multi agency partners and government departments, with potential learning for international observers facing similar challenges to the UK. We worked with our participant steering group to co-design seven focus groups and collected data and reflective diaries from class teachers, pastoral (welfare) staff, senior leaders, and headteachers (N = 24). Data described schools playing an extensive role in supporting parents with mental health, domestic abuse, housing issues and community conflict. It also revealed some strained relationships with parents, with strong language reflecting perceived aggression. Despite their clear resolution to support families, participants perceived the demand as beyond reasonable expectations, stating this currently overwhelms aspects of learning and teaching. They argue such demands reflect an absence of community services in a context of increasing need, and that consequently schools have become an ‘accidental hub’ for family support. Our findings are timely in light of emerging and renewed UK Government policy regarding the profile of schools in safeguarding practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to child abuse and neglect, and formal and non-formal social support, in the presence of post-traumatic symptoms and resilience among young Arab-Palestinian women in Israel","authors":"Haneen Karram-Elias ,&nbsp;Shira Pagorek-Eshel ,&nbsp;Raghda Alnabilsy","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Child abuse is associated with a high risk of developing post-traumatic symptoms (PTS). Prior research has focused on short and long-term consequences of abuse but ignored these consequences among Young Arab-Palestinian women. In order to bridge this gap our study examined the role of exposure to child abuse and neglect, and formal and non-formal social support, in the presence of PTS and resilience among young Arab women in Israel. The participants (n = 482) aged 18–25 filled out questionnaires regarding background information, exposure to child abuse (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form), social support, formal support, PTS (Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms), and resilience (Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale–10). PTS and barriers to formal support were higher among participants who were exposed to abuse and neglect in childhood. Resilience, extent of non-formal social support, and satisfaction with non-formal and formal support were lower among participants exposed to abuse and neglect in childhood. PTS were positively related with exposure to child abuse and neglect, negatively related with satisfaction with non-formal social support, and positively related with barriers to formal support, beyond the background variables. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing context informed and trauma informed practice with young Arab women in order to reduce barriers to service use and promote satisfaction from receiving support as a pathway to reducing PTS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}