Children and Youth Services Review最新文献

{"title":"A typology on the diversity of transnational family relationships of unaccompanied minors in Germany: A constructivist grounded theory study","authors":"Franziska Anna Seidel","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The transnational family lives of unaccompanied minors (UMs) have gained increasing attention in academic discourse. Transnational family relationships are highly heterogeneous.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study is to present a typology on the diversity of UMs’ transnational family relationships in order to gain a nuanced view on family relationships. This helps to structure and understand the diversity of experiences relating to transnational family relationships and can serve as a basis for more differentiated research and professional support in practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This constructivist grounded theory study involved the analysis of 35 semi-structured interviews that were carried out in Germany with (former) UMs (n = 12), social workers/pedagogical staff (n = 20), and experts (n = 3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five types of UMs' transnational family relationships were identified. Type 1 describes UMs who do not wish to maintain family contact across borders. Type 2 encompasses UMs who do not have the possibility to maintain transnational family relationships despite wishing to do so. Type 3 involves unstable/ambivalent transnational family relationships, and Type 4 refers to UMs with permanent/regular transnational family contact. Type 5 describes UMs in transition from transnational family contact to face to face contact. Specific characteristics, experiences and stressors, UMs’ aims, perspectives on family reunification, and need for social work support are presented with regard to each type.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the continued importance of transnational family relationships to displaced UMs and highlights the need to view the diversity of UMs’ transnational family relationships in a nuanced way in research and professional practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandatory reporting policy and its effects: changes in perspectives on child abuse, reporting behavior, and influencing factors among Chinese child welfare social workers","authors":"Tian Tian ,&nbsp;Wanzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Fang Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Debate regarding the effectiveness of mandatory reporting policies in addressing child abuse has intensified globally. This study evaluates the impact of China’s 2020 national mandatory reporting policy on social workers’ reporting behavior and perceptions of child abuse. Drawing on two-wave national survey data from the <em>Chinese Social Work Longitudinal Study</em> (2019 pre-policy, 2022 post-policy), the study applies propensity score matching, chi-square/t tests, and multivariate regression analyses. The findings revealed that the policy significantly increased social workers’ reporting behavior (χ² = 188.96, p &lt; 0.01) and abuse perception (t = 4.11, p &lt; 0.01). Social workers with longer work experience (OR = 1.10, p &lt; 0.01), or in supervisory roles (OR = 1.98, p &lt; 0.05), were more likely to report child abuse cases. Additionally, being younger (β = −0.07, p &lt; 0.01), holding a major in social work (β = 0.06, p &lt; 0.05), having social work certification (β = 0.12, p &lt; 0.001), exposure to similar cases (β = 0.09, p &lt; 0.001), and not playing a supervisory role (β = −0.05, p &lt; 0.01) were associated with enhanced child abuse perception. The findings underscore the need for tailored training programs to address disparities in recognizing and reporting child abuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of policies and practices to support young people transitioning from out-of-home care in Asia","authors":"Rangga Radityaputra,&nbsp;Susan Baidawi,&nbsp;Philip Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young people transitioning from out-of-home care (OOHC), globally known as care leavers, are recognized as a vulnerable group relative to non-care-experienced young people. Previous literature from Indonesia reveals the need for policy and formal support for care leavers. This study is part of a doctoral study focusing on young people transitioning from out-of-home care in Indonesia, in which the first author, an Indonesian researcher, scopes the primary studies and peer-reviewed articles available in jurisdictions that have cultural, social, and geographical proximity with Indonesia.</div><div>This study used a scoping review method proposed by <span><span>Arksey and O’Malley (2005)</span></span>. The authors searched six known databases. From 2,893 articles screened, 65 articles underwent a full-text review, and a total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria for this scoping study.</div><div>Several themes emerged from the scoping review including: (1) Inadequate formal leaving care and aftercare support for care leavers; (2) Promising practices of leaving care and after care intervention; (3) Residential care settings (RCS) as major care arrangements and their impact on young people leaving out-of-home care in Asia; (4) Poor preparation and insufficient support within out-of-home care (OOHC) settings; (5) Stigma and cultural barriers after leaving care, especially for girls and young women; (6) The importance of informal support from others while transitioning into adulthood; (7) The significance of independent living skills for care leavers; and (8) Care leavers’ resilience, and coping mechanisms. Discussions and policy implications are further discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of vulnerability: A descriptive study on intergenerational child welfare involvement","authors":"Audrey Kern ,&nbsp;Tonino Esposito ,&nbsp;Sonia Hélie ,&nbsp;Rachel Langevin","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited research has thoroughly examined the experiences of families intergenerationally involved with Child Protective Services (CPS), which restricts our understanding of their complex realities. Building on a previous latent class analysis (<span><span>Kern et al., 2025</span></span>), this descriptive study aimed to document clinically relevant profiles of Quebec urban families intergenerationally involved with CPS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of 108 children and their parents were categorized into four groups based on prior latent class analyses of child substantiated child maltreatment (CM): (1) <em>Risk of CM</em> (<em>n</em> = 11), (2) <em>Highly Polyvictimized</em> (<em>n</em> = 30), (3) <em>Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, and Neglect</em> (<em>n</em> = 25), and (4) <em>Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Psychological Maltreatment</em> (<em>n</em> = 42). Drawing on CPS case file data, the study provided group comparisons on parental psychosocial functioning of families in each group, including mental health problems, substance use, criminal behaviour, chronic illness or disability, and contextual adversity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings indicate that all families faced a significant number of challenges. Distinct clinical profiles also emerged among the groups. Notably, mothers in the <em>Risk of CM</em> group often presented significant histories of childhood neglect, substance use, and criminal involvement, highlighting systemic challenges in breaking the cycle. The <em>Highly Polyvictimized</em> group was characterized by pervasive trauma, with parents frequently exhibiting substantial mental health issues and job insecurity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings highlight distinct patterns of vulnerability across CM subgroups, underscoring the need for tailored interventions, such as targeted prenatal interventions for families at risk of CM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Unlocking child participation’: Development and validation of the Child Participation Post-Separation Scale (ChiPPS)","authors":"Rianne van Dijk ,&nbsp;Charlotte R. Mol ,&nbsp;Zoë Rejaän ,&nbsp;Susan Branje ,&nbsp;Maja Deković ,&nbsp;Wendy M. Schrama ,&nbsp;Inge E. van der Valk","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children have a right to participate in all decisions affecting them according to international human rights law. In the context of parental separation, many decisions need to be made regarding children’s lives in which their right to be heard should be safeguarded. From a theoretical perspective, meaningful child participation is considered beneficial to them, but when parents have separated it can also be dysfunctional, bringing risks to the children involved. To better grasp child participation and its anticipated benefits and risks, we developed and validated the Child Participation Post-separation Scale (<em>ChiPPS</em>). Throughout the developmental phase, a panel of youth experts by experience (<em>n</em> = 15) was consulted to ensure its content and face validity. Based on a sample of <em>N</em> = 218 adolescents (<em>M</em> = 15.9; <em>SD</em> = 2.25), five lower-order subscales (<em>expressing views, feeling heard, dysfunctional, influence, feedback</em>) and 2 higher-order subscales (<em>decision process, due weight</em>) were identified in the factor analyses. All subscales showed good internal consistency and were meaningfully associated with single-item measures of children’s involvement and satisfaction with the decisions made, and adolescent reports of parenting, psychological need satisfaction, and adjustment (convergence validity). Overall, the ChiPPS captured multiple distinct, yet intertwined dimensions of children’s experiences, feelings and understanding in the decision-making process regarding their living arrangements following parental separation. This provides researchers with a reliable instrument to measure child participation post-separation that is meaningful both in terms of children’s rights and in relation to their adjustment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spiritual care in Children’ Advocacy Centers: results of a survey of CAC directors","authors":"Theodore P. Cross ,&nbsp;Victor Vieth ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many offenders against children use religion to facilitate abuse, which causes children spiritual harm. Moreover, child victims may generally suffer spiritual harm because abuse shakes their belief in a just and loving God. The spiritual harm is often exacerbated if the abuser is clergy and/or a congregation rallies around the abuser. Religion and spirituality can also be important resources for children’s recovery. This research assesses spiritual harm and healing encountered in Children’s Advocacy Centers (CAC), which coordinate the investigative and service response in thousands of child abuse cases. The project surveyed all 964 U.S. Children’s Advocacy Centers directors and 172 responded. The results indicate that, particularly in the Southern region, many CACs are seeing spiritual harm in their practice, and some are also witnessing spirituality used to help children heal. The most common responses to children raising a spiritual question were to recommend the child discuss it with their therapist and to refer the child to a local faith community, but the survey results suggest that most members of the multidisciplinary team, including therapists, lack training on spiritual care and most CACs have limited relationships with local faith communities. Over one-third of CAC directors either strongly or somewhat favored a spiritual care program or have implemented one, but a larger percentage were uncommitted. However, most respondents reported being interested in learning more and receiving resources and guidance, suggesting that the path is open for improvement in providing spiritual care to child victims in CACs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family experiences regarding treatments and therapies for children with developmental disabilities: A qualitative study","authors":"Yoomi Shin ,&nbsp;Naeun Park ,&nbsp;Hyunyoung Lee ,&nbsp;Anna Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>Children with developmental disabilities (DDs) often benefit from multiple treatments and therapies, and family-centered care (FCC) is encouraged to optimize child and family outcomes. However, limited understanding exists concerning these families’ experiences. This study aimed to explore families’ experiences with treatments and therapies for children with DDs, based on the principles of FCC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Focus group interviews were conducted with 19 parents of children with DDs in Korea. The semistructured interviews, guided by the FCC model, focused on key FCC components such as collaboration, education, family context, and policies. The data were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four major themes emerged corresponding to the FCC components: (1) Running in a three-legged race: parents valued active collaboration with competent healthcare practitioners but encountered inconsistent communication and superficial feedback; (2) Guiding stars on the journey: while parents appreciated opportunities for learning and peer support, they reported receiving little emotional support from healthcare practitioners; (3) Weaving the family and therapy together: some families experienced psychological growth through treatments and therapies for their children, but these processes often imposed emotional and financial strain; (4) Maze of public support: parents expressed frustration with the fragmentation of formal support and inconsistent access to quality care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and implications</h3><div>The findings demonstrate gaps in the implementation of FCC in therapeutic interventions for children with DDs. These insights indicate the need for more effective, family-centered approaches to enhance communication, provide emotional and practical support, and improve the fragmented public support systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process-evaluation of the implementation of a collaborative community programme for health, safety and talent development in youth","authors":"Mirte Boelens ,&nbsp;Harrie Jonkman ,&nbsp;Clemens M.H. Hosman ,&nbsp;Hein Raat ,&nbsp;Wilma Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the implementation-process of a collaborative community programme (Promising Neighbourhoods) aiming to impact local urban youths’ health, safety and talent development and reduce socioeconomic health differences. In three intervention neighbourhoods categorised as having low, middle and high problem severity, an integrated community programme was implemented and compared to three similar neighbourhoods in which the programme was not implemented. Due to contextual challenges, some of the planned data-collection activities could not be executed as intended. We compensated for this by collecting alternative data where possible. Focus group discussions were conducted among community stakeholders and additionally among municipal professionals on the operational and tactical-strategic level to examine ‘assets’, ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ of the programme. Questionnaires were administered among parents of 0- to 12-year-olds to additionally examine care or service use and participation in organised activities by parents and children. Project documentation was additionally used to examine ‘outputs’. Focus group data was analysed using thematic coding, The parent questionnaire was analysed for differences post-implementation using chi-square tests and project documentation was summarized descriptively. The intervention neighbourhoods formed broad networks of stakeholders and succeeded in shared priority setting and developing integrated action plans. Choosing interventions for implementation was regarded as difficult. Data-gathering by the municipality on intervention implementation and reach of target populations did not succeed. The parent questionnaire yielded no differences between intervention and comparator neighbourhoods in care or service use or participation in organised activities by parents or children post-implementation. The findings indicate that although some steps in the programme seemed successful, future research with a longer follow-up period that takes into account the challenges to study the implementation-process of integrated community programmes is needed to further elucidate which components contribute to the desired impact of integrated community programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal attribution: a theoretical framework for understanding the significance of children’s perceptions of family violence","authors":"Tina Gerdts-Andresen ,&nbsp;Eva Lill Fossli Vassend","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how children’s perceptions of the causes of family violence influence their development, framed through causal attribution theory. By analysing emergency care order decisions from the Norwegian Child Welfare Tribunal, the research identifies three primary themes in children’s interpretations of violence: behaviour-related justifications, parental emotional reactions, and discipline and control mechanisms. Findings reveal that children often attribute violence to their own behaviour, parental stress, or emotional states and view it as a form of discipline. These perceptions can lead to significant risks, including feelings of guilt, anxiety, and the adoption of passive coping strategies, which may result in unresolved emotional issues. These insights highlight the importance of tailored interventions in child welfare practices to address and reshape children’s attributions, enhancing their sense of safety and stability at home. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of these attributions and the effectiveness of specific interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring parents’ repertoire of everyday resistance in child welfare services — Towards a power-sensitive understanding of resistance","authors":"Malin Fævelen","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tension between help and control is characteristic of many welfare services. Although resistance is a common reaction to control, it has received less attention in the social sciences than does power. This paper draws on the concept of <em>everyday resistance</em> to empirically and theoretically study how parents in contact with the Norwegian child welfare service (CWS) resist the well-meaning power of the service. The analysis demonstrates that parents in contact with the service draw on a vast repertoire of everyday resistance: avoidance, the involvement of persons outside the service, constructive resistance, objection and pretending to accommodate. Parents’ resistance and the contexts in which it occurs reveal that relationships between child welfare workers (CWWs) and parents are not simply straightforward power dynamics in which all parents are equally subordinate to the service. Rather, these relationships are fluid, evolve over time, and are shaped by both material conditions and discursive frameworks—factors that are closely tied to the parents’ class background. Recognising resistance as a natural phenomenon within child welfare services (CWS) is a crucial first step toward becoming more attuned to everyday acts of resistance, particularly subtle acts, which marginalised families more often play out. By listening closely to parents’ resistance, we recognise them as knowledgeable subjects whose insights can contribute to more reflexive and sensitive services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}