Zhaoyang Xie , Zheng Zhang , Xuting Li , Hiran Thabrew , Kaiwen Bi , Sijian Tang , Jiansong Zhou
{"title":"Risk or refuge? The dual role of affinity for solitude and deviant peer affiliation in the link between childhood maltreatment and youth depression: a mixed-methods study","authors":"Zhaoyang Xie , Zheng Zhang , Xuting Li , Hiran Thabrew , Kaiwen Bi , Sijian Tang , Jiansong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heterogeneity of child maltreatment is linked to depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, the underlying mechanisms concerning interpersonal relationships remain insufficiently explored. This study uses a mixed-methods approach to examine how interpersonal interaction patterns mediate the relationship between maltreatment and depression while exploring coping strategies in adversity through qualitative insights. A total of 2042 Chinese adolescents (<em>Mage</em> = 13.69 years, <em>SD =</em> 1.55; 53.18 % male) participated in this study in October 2023. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify profiles of childhood maltreatment. Mediation analysis examined the roles of affinity for solitude and Deviant Peer Association in linking maltreatment profiles to adolescent depressive symptoms. Thematic analysis further explored key factors that help adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment navigate challenges. Latent class analysis identified four patterns of childhood maltreatment among Chinese adolescents: Low Maltreatment Exposure (LME; 70.57 %), High Emotional Neglect and Physical Abuse with Moderate Physical Neglect (HENPA-PN; 13.52 %), High Maltreatment Exposure (HME; 6.51 %), and High Emotional Neglect and Physical Abuse with Moderate Emotional Abuse (HENPA-EA; 9.40 %). Mediation analysis revealed that, compared to the LME group, all other groups positively influenced depressive symptoms through affinity for solitude and deviant peer association. Finally, thematic analysis identified five key themes: personal positive personality, coping lifestyle strategies, emotional support and companionship, guidance from others and the power of role modeling. It is crucial to comprehend the heterogeneity of childhood maltreatment, patterns of interpersonal relationships, and potential support networks to enhance adolescent mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sihong Liu , Julia Mendez Smith , Deborah Phillips , Philip A. Fisher
{"title":"Child care providers’ emotional distress links stressors to turnover intention: implications for rebuilding a healthy workforce","authors":"Sihong Liu , Julia Mendez Smith , Deborah Phillips , Philip A. Fisher","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the early care and education (ECE) workforce, providers’ intentions to leave their child care positions (i.e., turnover intentions) have detrimental impacts on the quality of care and signal risks for high turnover rates, an issue that has been endemic to this workforce for decades. To better understand the process leading to provider turnover intentions, this study examined the extent to which providers’ personal and workplace stressors were linked to self-reported emotional distress and subsequently increased turnover intentions. Leveraging longitudinal data from a US sample of 701 home- and center-based child care providers, we found that one in three providers indicated intentions to leave their jobs within the next year. Results suggested full mediational pathways of three sources of stress – financial insecurities and instabilities, workplace disruptions, and concerns for children’s stress – on provider turnover intentions via elevated emotional distress, which highlighted the central role that provider emotional distress played in ECE issues of high turnover and low accessibility. Variations by sociodemographic (e.g., race/ethnicity and income levels) and program characteristics (e.g., roles in the workforce, program status of receiving pandemic-relieving stabilization funds) were discovered in providers’ experiences of personal and workplace stressors, as well as emotional distress. This study suggested ECE providers’ emotional distress and turnover intentions to be serious threats to the current policy and grogram efforts that attempt to stabilize the workforce and support families’ child care needs. Critical investments are identified to support a healthy workforce across different types of care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Maynard , B. Lever-Taylor , Y-S. Chang , E. Jefferson , S. Cooper , S. Prawer , J. Driscoll
{"title":"The Accidental Hub: exploring English primary schools’ response to family needs and public policy within the shifting landscape of child protection and wellbeing","authors":"E. Maynard , B. Lever-Taylor , Y-S. Chang , E. Jefferson , S. Cooper , S. Prawer , J. Driscoll","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current English policy for child protection and promoting children’s wellbeing (child safeguarding) has placed increased emphasis on schools. Our study investigated how four English primary schools with attached nurseries (ages < 11) in deprived communities are supporting families. Our findings illuminate the geographies and pressure points of school-based family support and the significance of this for schools, their multi agency partners and government departments, with potential learning for international observers facing similar challenges to the UK. We worked with our participant steering group to co-design seven focus groups and collected data and reflective diaries from class teachers, pastoral (welfare) staff, senior leaders, and headteachers (N = 24). Data described schools playing an extensive role in supporting parents with mental health, domestic abuse, housing issues and community conflict. It also revealed some strained relationships with parents, with strong language reflecting perceived aggression. Despite their clear resolution to support families, participants perceived the demand as beyond reasonable expectations, stating this currently overwhelms aspects of learning and teaching. They argue such demands reflect an absence of community services in a context of increasing need, and that consequently schools have become an ‘accidental hub’ for family support. Our findings are timely in light of emerging and renewed UK Government policy regarding the profile of schools in safeguarding practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From laughter to survival: The effect of war on children’s play in Gaza","authors":"Dana Bdier, Bilal Hamamra, Fayez Mahamid","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genocide in Gaza has interrupted children’s play, endangering their growth and overall well-being. This research employed semi-structured interviews with thirty participants in Gaza between November 2024 and January 2025 to examine the effects of ongoing war, which began in October 7, 2023 on Gazan children’s play. Transcriptions underwent bottom-up thematic content analysis, resulting in seven themes: <em>Old Games Reimagined with Violence</em>; <em>Emotional Avoidance and Loss of Interest in Play</em>; <em>War-Themed and Aggressive Play</em>; <em>Play Reflecting Daily Struggles</em>; <em>Play as a Coping Mechanism Amid Violence</em>; <em>The Loss of Childhood Through Responsibility</em>; <em>Community Efforts to Restore Childhood.</em> Research shows that although genocide limits and distorts Gazan children’s play, it also encourages adaptive strategies that enhance emotional resilience. The research emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive interventions—including safe play initiatives, psychosocial assistance, and community engagement—to protect the right to play, aid in the recovery of Gaza’s youngest survivors, and strengthen social unity, resilience, and overall developmental continuity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Laurenzi , Ramsha Hisham , Tatenda Mawoyo , Kathryn J. Steventon Roberts , Lucie Cluver , Mark Tomlinson , Lorraine Sherr
{"title":"Understanding the burden of COVID-19 orphanhood and caregiver loss among children and adolescents living in South Africa","authors":"Christina Laurenzi , Ramsha Hisham , Tatenda Mawoyo , Kathryn J. Steventon Roberts , Lucie Cluver , Mark Tomlinson , Lorraine Sherr","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>While caregiver loss is known to have significant repercussions for the wellbeing and developmental trajectories of children and adolescents, limited evidence has examined the impact of orphanhood due to COVID-19 on children and adolescents. To respond to this gap and support better planning for future crises, we examined the short-term impacts of COVID-19-related orphanhood on children’s and adolescents’ wellbeing through the Orphanhood and Caregiver Loss Among Adolescents and Youth (OCAY) study. No such studies exist globally and this provides a unique insight into this hidden group. We hypothesised that there would be multiple mental health impacts on children experiencing such loss.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected data from children and adolescents aged 9–18 years in peri-urban Khayelitsha, South Africa, including those who lost a parent/caregiver to COVID-19 and a community comparison group who did not. Trained research assistants administered questionnaires, utilising standardised inventories and validated scales, that explored young participants’ mental health, wellbeing, and social circumstances. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, and multivariate linear and logistic regression models in STATA18 and R.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our final sample included n = 421 children and adolescents (n = 211 experiencing parental/caregiver loss, n = 210 controls) with a mean age of 12.7 years (SD = 2.3), with no significant between-group differences. Males experiencing COVID-related orphanhood were more likely to report rule breaking behaviour compared to females experiencing orphanhood (4.3 vs. 2.7, Cliff’s d = 0.34 [95 %CI: 0.07, 0.61], p = 0.04). Children experiencing the death of a primary caregiver were more likely to report a greater mental health burden compared to children experiencing the loss of a non-primary caregiver (p=<0.05). Multiple regression analyses showed that children and adolescents affected by COVID-related loss experienced significantly greater levels of food insecurity (<em>OR =</em> 2.14 [95 %CI: 1.04–4.40], p = 0.038), greater caregiving burdens in the household (<em>β =</em> 1.08 [95 %CI: 0.33–1.83], p = 0.005), poorer mental health and suicidality (<em>β =</em> 0.18 [95 %CI: 0.00–0.36], p = 0.047), and more social risk behaviours (<em>β</em> = 0.75 [95 %CI: 0.01–1.49], p = 0.046) than their control group counterparts, even after controlling for sociodemographic and household information. Children and adolescents experiencing higher levels of poverty and who had any disability were at particular disadvantage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This paper presents new evidence on how caregiver loss—beyond the influence of factors such as sex, age, disability, and poverty—can increase children’s vulnerability. Such vulnerability included food insecurity, additional domestic burdens of caregiving, elevated grief, suicidality, and the tendency to en","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacquelynn F. Duron , Lena M. Obara , Patty Mojta , Veronica Ford , Victoria Banyard
{"title":"Understanding the strengths of young parents using photovoice: An evaluation of the school-based Parent Linking Program in New Jersey","authors":"Jacquelynn F. Duron , Lena M. Obara , Patty Mojta , Veronica Ford , Victoria Banyard","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This Photovoice study aimed to understand the strengths of young parents participating in the Parent Linking Program (PLP) in New Jersey by collaborating with young parents to identify how PLP built upon their existing strengths to promote healthy personal and parenting outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Young parents who were alumni of PLP completed six virtual photovoice sessions including three photo assignments and a community forum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two major themes were identified: challenging widely held perceptions of teen parents as derelicts, and helping teen parents actualize their potential. These themes illustrate how young parents are navigating relational awareness of public perceptions of teen parents within their communities, defining critical needs that help them succeed, and leveraging existing strengths to advance personal and parenting goals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Localized, school-based parent teen services offer critical support that equip young parents to succeed personally and in their parenting roles, highlighting the need for policies that expand access to such targeted, community-based programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associations between screen use, learning and concentration among children and young people in western countries: a scoping review","authors":"Calina Leonhardt, Dina Danielsen, Susan Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Screens have become an integral part of the daily lives of children and young people and play a crucial role in both educational and leisure activities. The aim of this scoping review was to explore and map the existing evidence on the potential influence of recreational screen use on concentration ability and learning in individuals aged 6–25 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of the literature published between 2013 and 2023 was performed in three databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science). The search was conducted using relevant search terms related to screen use, concentration and learning, and children, adolescents, and young adults. Inclusion criteria included reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and experimental studies. Data was synthesized using thematic analysis</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 33 original studies and reviews were included and encompassed a close to equal distribution in terms of age groups. Of these studies and reviews, 33 % examined screen time, 58 % media multitasking, 27 % gaming, and 6 % television viewing. The results of the studies indicated that excessive screen time was associated with concentration difficulties, which suggests that the associations are bidirectional. Some studies identified poor sleep quality, influenced by pre-bedtime screen use, as a mediating factor. Recreational media multitasking in school settings was consistently correlated with inferior learning outcomes, whereas studies on television use and gaming showed inconsistent results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings from this scoping review suggest a small yet consistent correlation between screen use and concentration difficulties among children and young people. Further research is needed to establish causal relations and to examine how different aspects and uses of screens affect concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Childhood emotional maltreatment and Internet addiction: the differential mediating roles of control and emotional dysregulation across development","authors":"Guo Feng , Jie Wu , Jiaying Wu , Ya Ye , Cao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood emotional maltreatment is considered a critical risk factor for the development of Internet addiction; however, results within this domain vary, and the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examined the mediating effects of sense of control and emotional dysregulation on the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and Internet addiction and assessed moderation by school stage.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and settings</h3><div>The study included 1802 adolescents and undergraduates (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 17.68 ± 2.63 years) from Chinese junior and senior high schools, colleges, and universities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants completed assessments of childhood emotional abuse and neglect, sense of control, emotional dysregulation, and Internet addiction. A structural equation model was constructed to test the hypotheses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mediation analysis revealed that both sense of control and emotional dysregulation mediated the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and Internet addiction. Furthermore, moderation analysis indicated significant differences in the impact of childhood emotional maltreatment on sense of control between junior and senior high school students and college students.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sense of control and emotional dysregulation are key mediators of the link between childhood emotional maltreatment and Internet addiction, with developmental differences. These findings could inform targeted strategies for addressing Internet addiction following childhood maltreatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family economic hardship and adolescents’ bullying perpetration/victimization in online and offline context: A latent profile analysis","authors":"Ziyi Dong, Shan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Family economic hardship is a significant risk factor for adolescent development. However, few studies examine its impacts on both bullying perpetration and victimization across online and offline contexts, and previous studies often overlook the overlap between different patterns of bullying involvement. This study aims to assess the impact of family economic hardship on traditional bullying perpetration, traditional victimization, cyberbullying perpetration and cybervictimization among Chinese adolescents, explore the mediating factors, analyze gender and grade differences, and identify distinct bullying involvement profiles. This study used a cross-sectional design, and the sample comprised 13,873 adolescents (49.85% male) from senior and junior high schools in Zhejiang Province, China. This study employed a multi-faceted analytical approach, including primary analyses, mediation analysis, heterogeneity analysis, latent profile analysis and the multinomial logistic regression. The findings indicate that family economic hardship is associated with increased bullying involvement, mediated by family affective response and relative deprivation, with a more pronounced effect on victimization and offline contexts. Latent profile analysis delineates five distinct groups (low-risk 85.07%, medium-risk 5.61%, high-risk 3.81%, high online-risk 3.64%, high offline-risk 1.92%), with family economic hardship predicting membership in high-risk groups. A positive family environment and reduced relative deprivation lower the likelihood of being in low-risk groups, while male gender and senior-high school status are associated with higher-risk group membership. The study integrates the findings into a comprehensive model, offering insights for interventions and policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do mothers’ and fathers’ parental stress differently relate to child adjustment? A mediated dyadic approach","authors":"Dora d’Orsi, Eva Diniz","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in family dynamics in the last years, namely due to the greater involvement of women in the labor force, have led to an increase in parental stress in mothers and fathers. However, it remains unexplored how mothers’ and fathers’ parental stress differently affect children’s socioemotional adjustment, especially when considering the relationship established between parents in what concerns childrearing, i.e., coparenting. This study utilizes the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model to examine how mothers' and fathers' parental stress is related to their own (i.e., actor’s effect) and their partner’s reports of their children’s socioemotional competencies, as well as the indirect effects of the coparenting relationship in this association. Dyadic mediation models were estimated with 216 dyads of cohabiting parents in Portugal. Results show that mothers’ and fathers’ greater parental stress was positively related to children’s aggressive behaviors and negatively related to social competencies. Indirect effects were found through conflict coparenting, in the association between mothers’ parental stress and children’s anxiety, and in the association between fathers’ stress and children’s aggression. Partner effects were found between fathers’ reports on parental stress and conflict coparenting and mothers’ perceptions of children’s competencies. Findings may be helpful to guide interventions to address child development in the context of broader stress in the family system in which children are inserted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}