Children and Youth Services Review最新文献

{"title":"The impact of age and sexual orientation on work-related changes and stress early in the pandemic","authors":"Gio Iacono ,&nbsp;Emily K Loveland ,&nbsp;Michael Fendrich ,&nbsp;Dahee Kim ,&nbsp;Beth S. Russell ,&nbsp;Crystal L. Park ,&nbsp;Morica Hutchinson","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Purpose</h3><div>LGBTQIA + young people have worked in jobs disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. With a focus on younger individuals, this study explores the impact of COVID-19 and cumulative work-related stress on sexual minority (LGBQ + ) participants in comparison to heterosexual participants at the onset of the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data were collected from individuals aged 18 years or older, living in the U.S., and English-speaking through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform in early April 2020. We employed multiple regression to examine the relationship between sexual minority orientation and cumulative stress for participants working through the first few months of COVID-19, controlling for gender, race and ethnicity, marital status, and age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The regression model indicated a statistically significant relationship between sexual orientation and cumulative stress (B = 3.03, p = 0.04). When age was added to the regression model, sexual orientation was no longer statistically significant (B = 0.87, p = 0.54), and age was highly significant (B = −0.36, p &lt; 0.001). Regardless of LGBQ + status, age inversely predicted stress, indicating that younger individuals were more likely to experience stress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Implications</h3><div>Age was found to suppress the relationship between sexual orientation and cumulative stress, suggesting that LGBQ + status did not have a significant impact on stress levels once age was accounted for. Younger individuals reported higher levels of COVID-19 related cumulative stress compared to older individuals, which aligns with existing literature. Although LGBQ + individuals were over-represented in the sample, this study indicates that stress cannot be solely attributed to their sexual orientation. Understanding the role of age is crucial, particularly considering data indicating significant mental health issues among young people since the pandemic began, which continue to be the case. This highlights the necessity for effective mental health interventions tailored to the needs of young people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood and adolescence’s predictors of parenting stress in adoptive mothers of early and late placed children","authors":"Nahed Lajmi ,&nbsp;Saul Hillman ,&nbsp;Miriam Steele ,&nbsp;Jill Hodges ,&nbsp;John Simmonds ,&nbsp;Jeanne Kaniuk","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parenting stress, that is the adverse psychological experience that arises from the demands associated with the parenting role, has been identified as a predictor of more adverse outcomes in the child-parent relationship, as well as in the child’s development. Considering the additional strains and challenges faced by adoptive parents, they are expected to be experiencing higher levels of parenting stress. However, literature within this field remains scarce, and even less is known about parents of adoptees in adolescence. The present longitudinal study aims to fill this gap by investigating parenting stress and its predictors in mothers of adoptees from childhood to adolescence. 51 mothers of adolescent adoptees, who were either early- or late-placed, were included in the study. Parenting stress was measured through the Parenting Stress Index in childhood and the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents in adolescence. Findings revealed that adoptive parents’ parenting stress levels were comparable and sometimes lower to normative data. However, in adolescence, adoptive mothers were, in general, exhibiting higher levels of parenting stress. Distinct predictors of parenting stress were also identified. These findings provide important insight into adoption research and emphasize the need for further support for adopted adolescents and their parents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“They just want people in their lives that will be there forever”: A conceptual model of permanency for children and young people in therapeutic residential care","authors":"Tatiana Corrales ,&nbsp;Patricia McNamara ,&nbsp;Brett Smith ,&nbsp;Howard Bath ,&nbsp;Ellysha Clark ,&nbsp;Kelly-Lee Goodchild ,&nbsp;Sarah Grabda ,&nbsp;Mark Harrison ,&nbsp;Barry McGrady","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Australian child protection systems, permanency outcomes are primarily equated with stability in a child’s living and caring arrangements. For some children this will mean restoration to family, but for many others it will involve long-term Out-of-Home Care (OOHC), including with extended family. When viewed through the lens of living and caring arrangements, permanency policies by necessity exclude children and young people in residential care, for whom their caring arrangement is intended to be time-limited – that is – impermanent. However, for some children and young people, residential care is the only ‘permanent’ placement option that is available. Understanding whether and how permanency is considered and operationalised within residential care contexts is therefore an important, but largely absent area of research and policy. This paper describes a conceptual model of permanency for children and young people in therapeutic residential care programs in four Australian states. In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with 21 participants from therapeutic residential care providers in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia. Using Reflexive Thematic Analysis, we propose a conceptual model that places a child and young person’s sense of connection and belonging at the centre of permanency. This necessitates creating safe, stable environments that foster safe and enduring relationships with unpaid carers and other key people who are meaningful to the child. We discuss the implications of embedding a relational understanding of permanency within therapeutic residential care programs to improve the wellbeing of children and their families.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of ILS receipt and subsequent dual-system involvement: Examining the role of out-of-home placement type","authors":"Dylan Jones ,&nbsp;Eunhye Ahn ,&nbsp;Henrika McCoy ,&nbsp;Brett Drake ,&nbsp;Melissa Jonson-Reid","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Prior literature using data from the National Youth in Transition Database (NYTD) has found that rates of independent living services (ILS) receipt are not uniform across youth aging out of foster care. At least two gaps in this literature remain: Research has been limited to cross sectional analyses and the degree to which specific placement types associate with ILS receipt is unclear. Additionally, given high rates of delinquency among transition aged youth, research on youth receiving ILS needs to prioritize understanding how child welfare system trajectories predict dual-system onset. Using a multistate model and administrative data in the United States, this study asks the following questions: (1) How does ILS receipt vary as a function of placement type? and (2) Among youth who receive ILS, how does placement type associate with dual system involvement onset?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The NYTD Services file and Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) 6-month files were used to construct longitudinal data identifying youths’ ILS receipt status, delinquency status, and current placement type for consecutive 6-month fiscal year (FY) periods. Additional time-fixed measures on select youth demographics were included. Youth were categorized into one of five mutually exclusive states in each 6-month period: (1) not receiving ILS and not delinquent, (2) receiving ILS and not delinquent, (3) not receiving ILS and delinquent, (4) receiving ILS and delinquent, and (5) emancipated. A Markov multistate model was fit to examine how placement type and demographics predicted transitions between states.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group home and institution placements predicted decreased probability of starting ILS (HR = 0.79, p &lt; 0.05), and relative foster care placements predicted decreased probability of starting ILS (HR = 0.90, p &lt; 0.05) and increased probability of stopping ILS (HR = 1.28, p &lt; 0.05). Trial home visits stand out as being predictive of dual-system onset for youth receiving ILS (HR = 4.05, p &lt; 0.05). Hispanic youth experienced greater ILS instability, being more likely to uptake services (HR = 1.24, p &lt; 0.05) but also more likely to stop receiving services (HR = 1.28, p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings indicate that agencies should prioritize ILS outreach efforts around issues of recruitment and retention when youth change placement types. Agencies should also consider providing additional supports to youth transferring to trial home visits to prevent delinquency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 108212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent information seeking and sharing: Using unsupervised machine learning to identify common parenting issues","authors":"Nehal Eldeeb ,&nbsp;Cheng Ren ,&nbsp;Valerie B. Shapiro","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extant research shows that evidence-based parenting programs can improve parents’ knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy, leading to reduced child abuse and neglect, and promoting children’s emotional, social, and cognitive competencies. However, the impact of these programs is limited by low participation rates. Despite this, parents are actively engaging with online parenting content. Analyzing online behavior to understand parents’ information needs might illuminate topics to incorporate into parenting programs to improve parent participation. This study adopts a bottom-up Human-centered Design (HCD) approach to explore parents’ topical preferences for engaging with parenting information. Specifically, this study explores the 1) nature and prevalence of topics parents discuss online, 2) differences between mother-centric and father-centric online forums, and 3) changes in online topics since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collected from three prominent online parenting forums from February 2019 to July 2022 were analyzed using computational methods to uncover parenting topics across audiences and time periods. Findings revealed parent-centered topics such as postpartum depression/anxiety and work-family interface, and child-centered topics such as perinatal care. Both mother- and father-centric models identified early childcare topics, as well as notable gendered topics (e.g., breast/bottle feeding for the mother-centric group vs. financial considerations for the father-centric group). The time-oriented model highlighted increased challenges in parent mental health and child education/entertainment post-COVID. Findings suggest supplementing existing parenting interventions with services that focus on parental well-being and capacity, and considering both mixed audience and group-specific interventions to address the different needs of people identifying as mothers and fathers. This user-centered approach to program design has the potential to improve parent engagement in learning positive parenting practices to reduce child maltreatment and promote child well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary impact of a combination intervention on intention to migrate and school absence among adolescent girls: Results from a pilot cluster-randomized clinical trial in Northern Ghana","authors":"Ozge Sensoy Bahar ,&nbsp;William Byansi ,&nbsp;Abdallah Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Alice Boateng ,&nbsp;Kingsley Kumbelim ,&nbsp;Portia B. Nartey ,&nbsp;Fredwill Amissah ,&nbsp;Proscovia Nabunya ,&nbsp;Fred M. Ssewamala ,&nbsp;Mary M. McKay","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, together with family context as a contributing factor, often results in unaccompanied rural–urban child migration and high incidence of child labor (24%), leading to heightened vulnerability and risk. In this study, we examined the preliminary impact of a combination intervention that combined family economic empowerment and family strengthening interventions on intention to migrate (primary outcome) and school absence (secondary outcome) among adolescent girls in Ghana.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Longitudinal data from adolescent girls (n = 97) participating in the ANZANSI (resilience in Dagbani −the local language in the study area) pilot study (2019–2022) were analyzed. Adolescent girls and their caregivers were randomized at the school level to two study conditions: bolstered usual care and the ANZANSI combination intervention delivered over 9 months. Data were collected at baseline, 9 months and 15 months post-intervention initiation. We used mixed-effects logistic and linear regression models to examine the impact of the intervention on absence from school and intention to migrate.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>At 15 months post-intervention initiation, the ANZANSI group had significantly lower intention to migrate compared to the control group (b = -0.61, 95 % CIs: −1.18, −0.04, p = 0.04). The intervention had no significant impact on school absence. However, the results are trending in the hypothesized direction, indicating that the intervention appears to reduce the likelihood of higher school absences over time, marked by the significant effect of time (χ² [2] = 6.49, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.04) for the intervention group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These outcome trends support the rationale for a larger trial to test the efficacy of the ANZANSI intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 108205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between children’s reported access to food and their subjective well-being: A cross-national perspective","authors":"Daphna Gross-Manos ,&nbsp;Sigal Tepper ,&nbsp;Hanita Kosher","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food insecurity is a major global concern among both economically developed and developing countries, raising issues around the physical and mental health of adults and children. Several studies have shown an association between childhood food insecurity and poor mental health, but this was rarely explored in regard to positive well-being indicators and from a cross-national perspective. The current study aims to fill this gap using data from the third wave of the Children’s Worlds Survey, focusing on the sample of 48,000 ten-year-old children from 34 countries. We explore the association between access to food using four subjective well-being measures (OLS, SWBS, feeling happy, and feeling sad), controlling for gender and Deprivation Scale. We found that even occasional limited access to food is associated with lower subjective well-being in all types of measures and that it is quite widespread, in both economically developed and undeveloped countries. Our multilevel analysis shows that access to food affects subjective well-being beyond the effect of economic status and that the strength of the association varies across countries as is indicated by the significance of the random slope models. That is, in some countries, the effect of not always having access to food on subjective well-being is much higher than in others. For example, the correlation in India is insignificant (r = 0.046), while in Russia it is significant (r = 0.396). Finally, we discuss the implications for children’s well-being and countries’ policies in the context of food insecurity, referring to the importance of child food insecurity alleviation programs, and the importance of monitoring any level of food insecurity, both internationally and locally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Continuity and change in early material hardship domains on the development of children’s behavioral self-regulation in middle childhood” [Children Youth Services Review 167 (2024) 107995]","authors":"Qingyang Liu,&nbsp;Gabriel J. Merrin,&nbsp;Sara A. Vasilenko,&nbsp;Rachel A. Razza","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 108199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing equality and equity in decision-making practice: Using standardised tools in child welfare services","authors":"Marina Snipsøyr Sletten ,&nbsp;Ingunn Tollisen Ellingsen ,&nbsp;Catharina Bjørkquist ,&nbsp;Mónica López López","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been an increased use of standardised assessment tools in child welfare services, aiming to enhance the quality of decision-making and to ensure equality of practice. At the same time, standardisation has been criticised as undermining professional expertise and being unable to meet families’ individual needs. By focusing on the relationship between standardisation and professional practice, this paper examines how child welfare professionals balance principles of equity and equality in their assessments guided by a standardised tool. A qualitative design was chosen to explore these professionals’ knowledge perspectives and reflective practice when using a common standardised assessment tool in Norway. We used several qualitative data sources, including interviews, fieldwork and case documents from two local authorities. We interviewed 28 child welfare professionals, 22 case workers and six managers. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show that professionals adhere to the standardised tool to ensure objective and equal practice but also exercise professional expertise and discretion to ensure a tailored and equitable practice. Finally, facilitating a “sharing culture” to exchange views on the content of the tool is considered important when adopting the standardised assessment tool into practice. We conclude that standardisation alone does not guarantee equal and equitable practices. The use of standardised tools must be combined with discretionary practices. This calls for a flexible practice with a broadened knowledge base and a sharing culture that fosters critical reflection among professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways from parental alienation to adolescent problem behaviors: A longitudinal study of parent-child attachment and emotion regulation","authors":"Kun-yan Wang ,&nbsp;Bing-Bing Lin ,&nbsp;Ying-hang Huang ,&nbsp;Xiang-kui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Family environment significantly shapes adolescents’ development, with accumulating evidence suggesting that family risk factors predict adolescent problem behaviors. Research has established links between parental alienation behaviors and adolescent maladjustment, but the causal pathways and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: This longitudinal study employed three waves of data collection over two years to investigate how parental alienation behaviors influence adolescent problem behaviors through parent–child attachment and emotion regulation strategies. Participants were 815 Chinese adolescents from three middle schools in Jilin Province. Measures included the Parental Alienation Behaviors Scale, Parent-Child Attachment Scale, Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale, and Adolescent Problem Behaviors Scale. Results: (1) parental alienation behaviors significantly predicted adolescent problem behaviors; (2) the relationship between parental alienation behaviors and adolescent problem behaviors is mediated by parent–child attachment; (3) The relationship is also mediated by emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive inhibition); and (4) parent–child attachment and emotion regulation strategies demonstrated significant chain-mediating effects. Conclusion: This study advances our understanding of how parental alienation behaviors impact adolescent problem behaviors by identifying key mediating mechanisms. The findings illuminate the role of parent–child attachment and emotion regulation within Chinese cultural contexts while offering implications for prevention and intervention strategies targeting both internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 108209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}