Contextualizing social support networks of youth exiting foster care: A mixed methods examination

Abstract

Policy efforts for youth aging out of foster care have focused on tangible skills for independent living, while less attention has been given to the role of social networks during this major transition, particularly in providing emotional and mental health support. This mixed methods study explores the composition, quality, and interconnectedness of the personal networks of youth aging out of foster care, focusing on types of support (e.g., material, informational, emotional, and mental health) using structured survey and network data, along with qualitative interviews. Participants (n = 75) averaged 19.9 years old, were predominantly female (72 %), and racially/ethnically diverse. Support network size ranged from 3 to 20 members (M = 8.9). Among 669 named network members, 37 % were family, 7 % foster family, 7 % intimate partners, 10 % other supportive adults, 19 % professionals, and 19 % friends. Almost 90 % of participants identified at least one person providing multidimensional support and all networks had at least one source of emotional support. However, over half of networks had 0–4 individuals providing material support and 21 % had only 0–2 members providing mental health support. Results indicated that professionals are important supports but may not offer lasting relationships post-care. Youth who exited care were more likely to include intimate partners, highlighting a key target for intervention. Network size did not correspond to perceived support, suggesting enhancement efforts should focus on strengthening existing ties, promoting interconnectedness, and bolstering resources available within the network. Transition planning that builds relationship skills with family, friends, and partners may foster relational permanence and multidimensional support. Implications for interventions focused on enhancing support networks during this critical transition are discussed.