Social Forces最新文献_第8页

Review of “Aum Shinrikyō and Religious Terrorism in Japanese Collective Memory” 《奥姆真理教与日本集体记忆中的宗教恐怖主义》述评

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad137

Thijs van Dooremalen

引用次数: 0

The Asymmetry of Embeddedness: Illegal Trade Networks and Drug Purchasing Diversity on an Online Illegal Drug Market 嵌入性的不对称:网络非法毒品交易网络与毒品购买多样性

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad134

Scott W Duxbury, Dana L Haynie

{"title":"The Asymmetry of Embeddedness: Illegal Trade Networks and Drug Purchasing Diversity on an Online Illegal Drug Market","authors":"Scott W Duxbury, Dana L Haynie","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad134","url":null,"abstract":"While economic sociology research and theory argue that excessive network embeddedness depresses competition in illegal markets, prior research does not examine how distinct types of embeddedness may have asymmetric effects on the diversity of purchasing behavior—the range of illegal goods that buyers typically purchase. This study considers how network embeddedness can positively or negatively affect drug purchasing diversity in online drug markets by referring buyers to new vendors or “locking” buyers into recurrent trade for the same products. We analyze novel network data on 16,847 illegal drug exchanges between 7205 actors on one online illegal drug market. Consistent with hypothesized network asymmetry, buyers are more likely to purchase a new type of drug when the transaction is part of an indirect network referral. Although histories of exchange increase the overall frequency of drug purchasing, they are associated with decreases in new drug-type purchases. In the aggregate, these processes either contribute to an integrated market where buyers purchase multiple drugs from multiple vendors (in the case of referrals) or a fragmented market characterized by recurrent trade from the same vendors for the same substances (in the case of repeated trade). We discuss the implications of these findings for research on embeddedness, illegal markets, risky exchange, and drug policy.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of Gendered Places: The Landscape of Local Gender Norms Across the United States 性别化的地方:美国地方性别规范的景观

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad138

Amy S Wharton

引用次数: 0

Review of “Unsustainable: Amazon, Warehousing, and the Politics of Exploitation” 《不可持续:亚马逊、仓储和剥削政治》书评

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad136

Steven P Vallas

引用次数: 0

Review of “The Struggle for the People’s King: How Politics Transforms the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement” 《争取人民国王的斗争:政治如何改变民权运动的记忆》书评

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad135

Rory McVeigh

引用次数: 0

Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies 富裕民主国家的财政贫困

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad133

Manuel Schechtl, Rourke L O’Brien

{"title":"Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies","authors":"Manuel Schechtl, Rourke L O’Brien","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad133","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces fiscal impoverishment as a framework for comparative poverty research. We invert standard analyses of welfare state policy and household poverty by focusing not on poverty alleviation but poverty creation and exacerbation. Using harmonized household survey data, we show how the income and payroll taxes most rich countries rely on to finance the public sector serve to push households (further) into poverty. We estimate that across rich democracies on average about one in four households in poverty are made poorer on net after taxes and transfers; with fiscal impoverishment levels ranging from &lt;10% in some countries to more than 70% in others, revealing extreme cross-national variation in how the pocketbooks of poor households are impacted by national tax and transfer policy. We go on to show that fiscal impoverishment does not track with standard measures of welfare state generosity but is instead largely determined by design of income tax systems, particularly a country’s relative reliance on (regressive) payroll taxes versus (progressive) income taxes. We consider the implications of fiscal impoverishment for assessing welfare state performance and for comparative poverty research.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Volunteering in the Creation of Entrepreneurship 创业中的志愿服务

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad132

Dali Ma, Cheng Wang

引用次数: 0

Pathways of Peer Influence on Major Choice 同伴影响专业选择的途径

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad129

Brian Rubineau, Shinwon Noh, Michael A Neblo, David M J Lazer

{"title":"Pathways of Peer Influence on Major Choice","authors":"Brian Rubineau, Shinwon Noh, Michael A Neblo, David M J Lazer","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad129","url":null,"abstract":"Peers influence students’ academic decisions and outcomes. For example, several studies with strong claims to causality demonstrate that peers affect the choice of and persistence in majors. One remaining issue, however, has stymied efforts to translate this evidence into actionable interventions: the literature has not grappled adequately with the fact that in natural settings, students typically select most of their peers. The bulk of causal evidence for peer influence comes from exogenously assigned peers (e.g., roommates) because peer effects are easier to identify in such cases. However, students do not form their most important ties for the convenience of scientific inference. In order to link theory and practice, we need to understand which peers are influential. We employ longitudinal, multiplex network data on students’ choices of and persistence in their majors from 1260 students across 14 universities to identify likely causal pathways of peer influence via self-selected peers. We introduce time-reversed analysis as a novel tool for addressing some selection concerns in network influence studies. We find that peers with whom a student reports merely spending time, rather than—e.g., close friends, study partners, esteemed peers—consistently and potently influence their college major choice.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunity or Exploitation? A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis of Flexible Working Arrangements and Gender Household Labor Inequality 机会还是剥削?弹性工作制与性别家庭劳动不平等的纵向二元分析

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad125

Senhu Wang, Cheng Cheng

{"title":"Opportunity or Exploitation? A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis of Flexible Working Arrangements and Gender Household Labor Inequality","authors":"Senhu Wang, Cheng Cheng","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad125","url":null,"abstract":"It has been extensively debated over whether the rise of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) may be an “opportunity” for a more egalitarian gender division of household labor or reinforce the “exploitation” of women in the traditional gender division. Drawing on a linked-lives perspective, this study contributes to the literature by using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the UK (2010–2020) to examine how couple-level arrangements of flexible working affect within-couple inequality in time and different types of household labor. The results show that among heterosexual couples, women’s use of FWAs significantly intensifies their disproportionate share of housework and maintains their heavy childcare burden regardless of whether their husbands use FWAs. In contrast, men’s use of FWAs does not change the unequal gendered division of housework and childcare, even when their wives do not use any FWAs. These patterns of intensified gender inequalities are more pronounced in routine housework tasks (e.g., cooking, washing, and cleaning), and among the reduced hours and teleworking arrangements. Overall, rather than providing an “opportunity” for a more egalitarian division of household labor, the use of FWAs maintains or even exacerbates the “exploitation” of women under the existing traditional gender norms.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of “Migration, Health, and Inequalities: Critical Activist Research Across Ecuadorean Borders” 审查"移徙、健康和不平等:跨厄瓜多尔边界的关键活动家研究"

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad122

Heather Randell

引用次数: 0