Social Forces最新文献_第7页

Review of “Unsustainable: Amazon, Warehousing, and the Politics of Exploitation” 《不可持续:亚马逊、仓储和剥削政治》书评

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad136

Steven P Vallas

引用次数: 0

Review of “The Struggle for the People’s King: How Politics Transforms the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement” 《争取人民国王的斗争:政治如何改变民权运动的记忆》书评

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad135

Rory McVeigh

引用次数: 0

Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies 富裕民主国家的财政贫困

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad133

Manuel Schechtl, Rourke L O’Brien

{"title":"Fiscal Impoverishment in Rich Democracies","authors":"Manuel Schechtl, Rourke L O’Brien","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad133","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces fiscal impoverishment as a framework for comparative poverty research. We invert standard analyses of welfare state policy and household poverty by focusing not on poverty alleviation but poverty creation and exacerbation. Using harmonized household survey data, we show how the income and payroll taxes most rich countries rely on to finance the public sector serve to push households (further) into poverty. We estimate that across rich democracies on average about one in four households in poverty are made poorer on net after taxes and transfers; with fiscal impoverishment levels ranging from &lt;10% in some countries to more than 70% in others, revealing extreme cross-national variation in how the pocketbooks of poor households are impacted by national tax and transfer policy. We go on to show that fiscal impoverishment does not track with standard measures of welfare state generosity but is instead largely determined by design of income tax systems, particularly a country’s relative reliance on (regressive) payroll taxes versus (progressive) income taxes. We consider the implications of fiscal impoverishment for assessing welfare state performance and for comparative poverty research.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Volunteering in the Creation of Entrepreneurship 创业中的志愿服务

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad132

Dali Ma, Cheng Wang

引用次数: 0

Pathways of Peer Influence on Major Choice 同伴影响专业选择的途径

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad129

Brian Rubineau, Shinwon Noh, Michael A Neblo, David M J Lazer

{"title":"Pathways of Peer Influence on Major Choice","authors":"Brian Rubineau, Shinwon Noh, Michael A Neblo, David M J Lazer","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad129","url":null,"abstract":"Peers influence students’ academic decisions and outcomes. For example, several studies with strong claims to causality demonstrate that peers affect the choice of and persistence in majors. One remaining issue, however, has stymied efforts to translate this evidence into actionable interventions: the literature has not grappled adequately with the fact that in natural settings, students typically select most of their peers. The bulk of causal evidence for peer influence comes from exogenously assigned peers (e.g., roommates) because peer effects are easier to identify in such cases. However, students do not form their most important ties for the convenience of scientific inference. In order to link theory and practice, we need to understand which peers are influential. We employ longitudinal, multiplex network data on students’ choices of and persistence in their majors from 1260 students across 14 universities to identify likely causal pathways of peer influence via self-selected peers. We introduce time-reversed analysis as a novel tool for addressing some selection concerns in network influence studies. We find that peers with whom a student reports merely spending time, rather than—e.g., close friends, study partners, esteemed peers—consistently and potently influence their college major choice.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunity or Exploitation? A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis of Flexible Working Arrangements and Gender Household Labor Inequality 机会还是剥削?弹性工作制与性别家庭劳动不平等的纵向二元分析

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad125

Senhu Wang, Cheng Cheng

{"title":"Opportunity or Exploitation? A Longitudinal Dyadic Analysis of Flexible Working Arrangements and Gender Household Labor Inequality","authors":"Senhu Wang, Cheng Cheng","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad125","url":null,"abstract":"It has been extensively debated over whether the rise of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) may be an “opportunity” for a more egalitarian gender division of household labor or reinforce the “exploitation” of women in the traditional gender division. Drawing on a linked-lives perspective, this study contributes to the literature by using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the UK (2010–2020) to examine how couple-level arrangements of flexible working affect within-couple inequality in time and different types of household labor. The results show that among heterosexual couples, women’s use of FWAs significantly intensifies their disproportionate share of housework and maintains their heavy childcare burden regardless of whether their husbands use FWAs. In contrast, men’s use of FWAs does not change the unequal gendered division of housework and childcare, even when their wives do not use any FWAs. These patterns of intensified gender inequalities are more pronounced in routine housework tasks (e.g., cooking, washing, and cleaning), and among the reduced hours and teleworking arrangements. Overall, rather than providing an “opportunity” for a more egalitarian division of household labor, the use of FWAs maintains or even exacerbates the “exploitation” of women under the existing traditional gender norms.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of “Migration, Health, and Inequalities: Critical Activist Research Across Ecuadorean Borders” 审查"移徙、健康和不平等:跨厄瓜多尔边界的关键活动家研究"

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad122

Heather Randell

引用次数: 0

Review of “Good News for Common Goods: Multicultural Evangelicalism and Ethical Democracy in America” 《共同利益的好消息:美国的多元文化福音主义与伦理民主》述评

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad115

Richard L Wood

引用次数: 0

The Meaning of Merit: Talent versus Hard Work Legitimacy 优点的意义:天赋与努力的合法性

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad131

Sam Friedman, Christoph Ellersgaard, Aaron Reeves, Anton Grau Larsen

{"title":"The Meaning of Merit: Talent versus Hard Work Legitimacy","authors":"Sam Friedman, Christoph Ellersgaard, Aaron Reeves, Anton Grau Larsen","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Elites often use merit to explain, justify, and make sense of their advantaged positions. But what exactly do they mean by this? In this paper, we draw on 71 interviews with elites in Denmark and the UK to compare self-justifications of meritocratic legitimacy. Our results indicate that while elites in both countries are united by a common concern to frame their merits as spontaneously recognized by others (rather than strategically promoted by themselves), the package of attributes they foreground vary significantly. In the UK, elites tend to be “talent meritocrats” who foreground their unique capacity for ideational creativity or risk taking, innately good judgment, and “natural” aptitude, intelligence, or academic ability. In contrast, in Denmark, elites are more likely to be “hard work meritocrats” who emphasize their unusual work ethic, extensive experience (as a signal of accumulated hard work), and contributions outside of work, particularly in civil society. We tentatively argue that one explanation for this cross-national variation is the role that different channels of elite recruitment play in amplifying legitimate notions of merit. In the UK, for example, elite private schools act to nurture ideas of exceptionalism and natural talent, whereas in Denmark elite employers socialize the connection between hard work and success. These findings suggest that nationally specific understandings of merit can have quite different implications for the legitimation of inequality.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal Displacement and Subjective Well-Being: The Case of Ukraine in 2018 内部流离失所与主观幸福感:2018年乌克兰的案例

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad124

Brienna Perelli-Harris, Jane Zavisca, Nataliia Levchuk, Theodore P Gerber

{"title":"Internal Displacement and Subjective Well-Being: The Case of Ukraine in 2018","authors":"Brienna Perelli-Harris, Jane Zavisca, Nataliia Levchuk, Theodore P Gerber","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ukraine is currently experiencing the largest human displacement crisis in the world. However, armed conflict that started in 2014 had already displaced nearly 1.8 million people in Ukraine, resulting in the largest internally displaced population in Europe. Although ethnically and culturally similar to the local population, Ukrainian Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) encounter severe economic, housing, and social challenges, as well as residual trauma from violence. In this study we examine the extent to which the subjective well-being (SWB) of IDPs differs from locals who were not displaced. We explore whether the difference in subjective well-being between IDPs and locals is due to economic hardship, inadequate housing, and/or weak social support. Using a unique survey conducted in 2018 and OLS regression methods, we find a sizable gap in SWB between IDPs and locals. The gap shrinks after accounting for economic and housing status, and support from local networks. Measures of loss in housing and social networks additionally account for the gap. However, none of the factors we measure can account for the difference between locals and IDPs who reported only leaving due to violence, pointing to the enduring impact of trauma on SWB.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0