Biochemistry (Moscow)最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Bioinformatics Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of the Mouse Protein Epitopes","authors":"Mikhail Yu. Lobanov,&nbsp;Nikita V. Dovidchenko,&nbsp;Mikhail E. Zakharov,&nbsp;Aleksandr V. Panfilov,&nbsp;Oxana V. Galzitskaya","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925603752","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925603752","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) plays a crucial role in immune functions. This complex typically binds short fragments of protein chains, 8-9 amino acid residues in length, referred to as epitopes. In this study, we investigated differences between the peptides that bind to this complex (dataset N₁) and those that do not (dataset N₀). To compare the datasets N₁ and N₀, Z-score analysis using the Z-score function was applied to identify statistically significant differences in physicochemical properties under study: aliphatic index (α_i), charge (Z_i), hydrophobicity (H_i), isoelectric point (pI_i), molecular weight (M_i), and instability index (II_i). All properties except for the instability index depend solely on amino acid composition of the peptides and not on the sequence-specific features. For the evaluated physicochemical properties, the Z-score values indicated no significant differences between the datasets N₁ and N₀. Maximum Z-score values were 0.30 for the aliphatic index and 0.29 for hydrophobicity. The most robust and reliable separation between the datasets N₁ and N₀ was achieved using the r-value method, yielding classification accuracy of approximately 70% and Z-score of 0.63. This result is close to the separation accuracy of 75% obtained using the MHCflurry program. Analysis of amino acid distributions in the datasets N₁ and N₀ showed that the residues such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine occur more frequently than cysteine, tryptophan, arginine, and lysine in the octa- and nonapeptide epitopes that noncovalently bind to MHC class I. Using bioinformatics analysis and artificial intelligence approaches, we demonstrated the extent to which binding and non-binding peptides can be discriminated based solely on amino acid composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 3","pages":"448 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Purity and Quality of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Blood Plasma by Proteomics and Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Vasiliy S. Chernyshev,&nbsp;Natalia L. Starodubtseva,&nbsp;Elena N. Rimskaya,&nbsp;Anna E. Bugrova,&nbsp;Alexey S. Kononikhin,&nbsp;Denis N. Silachev,&nbsp;Alisa O. Tokareva,&nbsp;Ekaterina A. Evtushenko,&nbsp;Alexander A. Yakovlev,&nbsp;Alexander M. Yurin,&nbsp;Maria A. Kepsha,&nbsp;Elena A. Mezhevitinova,&nbsp;Eugene N. Nikolaev,&nbsp;Vladimir E. Frankevich,&nbsp;Niso M. Nazarova,&nbsp;Vera N. Prilepskaya,&nbsp;Gennadiy T. Sukhikh","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925603946","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925603946","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultracentrifugation (UC) has long been considered the “gold standard” for extracellular vesicle (EV) isolation. However, due to its drawbacks such as high cost of an ultracentrifuge and rotors, time-consuming and labor-intensive protocol, low yield considering initial biofluid volume and low throughput, development of new EV isolation approaches is still ongoing. Here we compare three methods for isolating the most studied EV subtype, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), from human plasma: ultracentrifugation (UC), express asymmetric depth filtration (ExADFi), and anti-CD9 immunoaffinity capture (AS-CD9) with focus on their Raman and proteomic profiles. For all three methods, purity and quality of the sEV isolation were assessed based on the level of contamination of the sEV fraction with major plasma proteins such as albumin and apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOH, APOA4, APOC2, APOC1, and APOC4). UC showed the highest ratio of protein to nanoparticle concentration. AS-CD9 and ExADFi provided comparable to UC purity and levels of non-vesicular contaminants with AS-CD9 requiring minimal time and labor. ExADFi showed characteristics including purity of the sEV samples, yield, and isolation time that is between the UC and AS-CD9 methods. Raman spectroscopy provided more details about characteristics of the isolated sEVs and confirmed differences observed in the proteomic profiles. The findings demonstrate that the AS-CD9 and ExADFi methods could be appropriate substitutes of the classical UC-based isolation method and be chosen depending on the final requirements and use of the purified sEVs such as further functional and biomarker studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 3","pages":"462 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNAs Fifty Years After Their Discovery","authors":"Ivan B. Filippenkov,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Tsareva,&nbsp;Ivan V. Mozgovoy,&nbsp;Olga Yu. Sudarkina,&nbsp;Lyudmila V. Dergunova,&nbsp;Svetlana A. Limborska","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925603594","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925603594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of covalently closed molecules formed through non-canonical splicing and characterized by a markedly greater stability compared to linear RNAs. Although the first circRNA was discovered half a century ago in 1976 in a viroid, they had remained largely overlooked for several decades. Over the past ten years, the however, interest in circRNAs has grown substantially, even as their biological functions and overall significance continue to be debated. It is now well established that circRNAs constitute a large and diverse group of molecules with varied origins and properties. They have been identified across a wide range of organisms, from prokaryotes to plants and mammals, where they participate in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. The unique properties of circRNAs are beginning to be exploited for practical applications, including their use as disease biomarkers and platforms for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the knowledge accumulated on circRNAs since their discovery and highlights recent advances in understanding their biology and potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 3","pages":"405 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bispecific Mini-Antibody with an Anti-CD14 Module Effectively Controls Bioavailability of the Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Produced by Human Monocytes","authors":"Ivan Y. Konev,&nbsp;Kirill V. Korneev,&nbsp;Stanislav V. Kozlovsky,&nbsp;Dmitry V. Dianov,&nbsp;Anna M. Litvinova,&nbsp;Nina I. Drize,&nbsp;Stanislav A. Rybtsov,&nbsp;Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova,&nbsp;Fedor A. Sysonov,&nbsp;Marina S. Drutskaya,&nbsp;Sergei A. Nedospasov","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925604356","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925604356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Systemic blockade of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF, and IL-6 using therapeutic antibodies has proven effective in treating a wide range of autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory diseases. However, such blockade also suppresses non-redundant protective and homeostatic functions of cytokines, leading to a number of undesirable side effects. In this study, a novel bispecific mini-antibody featuring modules targeting human TNF and CD14 demonstrated efficacy in controlling TNF secretion from human peripheral blood monocytes. Administration of this antibody protected humanized TNF mice from lethal hepatotoxicity induced by a combination of LPS and D-galactosamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 3","pages":"511 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunometabolic Properties of Tissue-Resident Alveolar Macrophages Depend on ex vivo Culturing Conditions","authors":"Olga A. Namakanova,&nbsp;Anastasia S. Yakovleva,&nbsp;Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova,&nbsp;Tamara V. Pukhalskaia,&nbsp;Sergei A. Nedospasov,&nbsp;Marina S. Drutskaya","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925603867","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925603867","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alveolar macrophages (AMs) comprise the predominant immune cell population in the lungs, maintaining homeostasis and providing the first line of immune defense against various respiratory diseases. Most studies focus on macrophages differentiated from bone marrow precursors <i>in vitro</i>. However, the ontogeny of the tissue-resident macrophages and the lung microenvironment significantly determine their properties and functions, fundamentally distinguishing AMs from the cells derived <i>in vitro</i>. The use of AMs <i>ex vivo</i>, which maximally preserves their original phenotype and proliferative potential, is the most physiological and informative approach for studying various aspects of innate immune responses in lung diseases. Improving methods for their isolation and culturing remains an important task for obtaining relevant data on the functions of these cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of enzymatic treatment, the most common method for detaching cultured AMs, on their phenotype. It was found that enzymatic treatment led to the decrease in production of GM-CSF and VEGF by the AMs mediators of myeloid cell differentiation and maturation, and angiogenesis, respectively, both in the non-activated state and in response to one of the most common allergens – house dust mite extract (HDM). Enzymatic treatment promoted the formation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype, manifested by the increased production of IL-6, as well as chemokines CCL4 and CCL5, which attract monocytes and lymphocytes to the site of inflammation, along with the trend toward increased expression of the M1-associated genes such as <i>Nos2</i> and <i>Cd38</i>, in response to HDM. Thus, enzymatic detachment of the tissue-resident AMs promotes M1 polarization, which predetermines a more pronounced response to the allergen <i>in vitro</i>. The presented data highlight disadvantages of the enzymatic treatment of AMs, increasing the risk of artifacts, and affecting reliability of the experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 2","pages":"358 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Lysosomal Biogenesis in the HCT116 Cells Treated with Doxorubicin under Normoxic Conditions","authors":"Vadim A. Alekhin,&nbsp;Sofia F. Nazarova,&nbsp;Alexander S. Tikhomirov,&nbsp;Vladislav V. Pavlov,&nbsp;Olga V. Moiseeva,&nbsp;Valentin I. Gordeliy,&nbsp;Nikolay S. Ilyinsky","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925601947","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925601947","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrophobic weakly basic drugs, such as doxorubicin and sunitinib, are currently key components of cancer chemotherapy. It has been shown that several of these compounds induce increase in the total lysosomal volume in tumor cells. Moreover, hypoxia, a hallmark of solid tumors <i>in vivo</i>, promotes chemoresistance by sequestering doxorubicin within lysosomes. To enhance efficacy of chemotherapy, various strategies have been proposed, including those aimed at lysosome destabilization. Inhibition of autophagy is widely recognized as a means to reduce chemoresistance. However, it remains unclear whether doxorubicin itself directly influences lysosomal physiology. In the present study, using the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116, we demonstrate that doxorubicin accumulates substantially in lysosomes even under normoxic conditions. Under normoxia, doxorubicin induces a marked increase in the total lysosomal volume, whereas this effect is weaker under hypoxia. Co-treatment with doxorubicin and chloroquine, a well-established lysosomotropic agent, results in the increased lysosomal volume under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Notably, under normoxia, doxorubicin activates TFEB (Transcription Factor EB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, which likely accounts for the observed expansion of the lysosomal compartment. Furthermore, the lysosomes retain their functional degradative activity in the presence of doxorubicin. A similar effect, lysosomal volume expansion and enhanced degradative capacity in response to doxorubicin, was also observed in the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. In summary, this study provides the first evidence that doxorubicin directly modulates lysosomal parameters in the tumor cell lines under varying oxygen concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 2","pages":"199 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteasome Inhibition as a Cancer Type-Specific Off-Target Effect of Everolimus in Cancer Cells","authors":"Anna S. Vorobeva,&nbsp;Elizaveta M. Kazakova,&nbsp;Leyla A. Garibova,&nbsp;Daria D. Emekeeva,&nbsp;Tomiris T. Kusainova,&nbsp;Ivan I. Fedorov,&nbsp;Andrey A. Shelepchikov,&nbsp;Alexey V. Tretyakov,&nbsp;Anton O. Chugunov,&nbsp;Mikhail V. Gorshkov,&nbsp;Irina A. Tarasova","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925603284","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925603284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Everolimus, an mTORC1 inhibitor, may also affect proteasome activity in a manner similar to bortezomib, necessitating further investigation. In this study, we employed ultrafast expression proteomics in combination with cell viability and proteasome activity assays to identify potential secondary targets of everolimus and to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of its mechanism of action across the proteomes of multiple cancer cell lines. The results were compared with those obtained for bortezomib and lonidamine, which were used as positive and negative controls for proteasome inhibition, respectively. Our findings reveal that everolimus inhibits 20S proteasome in lung (A549) and colon (HCT116) cancer cells, while having no detectable effect in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). An <i>in silico</i> model of everolimus interaction with 20S proteasome was built suggesting an allosteric mechanism of inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 2","pages":"274 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondria “Shackled” by Mutant Huntingtin: Analysis of Morphological Alterations and Disruptions of Intracellular Transport","authors":"Vyacheslav I. Pasko,&nbsp;Aleksandra S. Churkina,&nbsp;Lilia D. Belikova,&nbsp;Anton S. Shakhov,&nbsp;Svetlana V. Lavrushkina,&nbsp;Anton V. Burakov,&nbsp;Alexandra N. Bogomazova,&nbsp;Maria A. Lagarkova,&nbsp;Irina B. Alieva","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925602850","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925602850","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitochondria are semi-autonomous, multifunctional organelles that supply cells with energy. They are highly dynamic structures, capable of moving, fusing, dividing, and forming branched networks. The number, density, and complexity of mitochondrial network are unique to each cell type and reflect cellular demands for ATP and other mitochondria-dependent metabolites. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases; however, the relationships between neurodegeneration and mitochondrial morphogenesis, intracellular localization, and dynamics remain incompletely understood. Interpretation and comparison of published data are complicated by the diversity of analytical approaches used to study mitochondrial behavior. In this research, we investigated the effects of a pathogenic mutation in the huntingtin protein (HTT), which causes Huntington’s disease (HD), on mitochondrial morphology and motility, with particular emphasis on associated disruptions in the cytoskeletal organization. We performed a systematic evaluation of automated mitochondrial analysis tools and selected <i>MiNA</i>, <i>TrackMate</i>, and <i>JACoP</i> as the optimal platforms for quantitative assessment of the effects of mutant HTT (mHTT) on the mitochondrial morphology, motility, and interaction with cytoskeletal components and identification of specific disruptions directly related to HD pathogenesis. Our analysis revealed that mitochondria in mHTT-expressing cells are significantly shorter, more branched, and less motile than in control cells. Moreover, their interactions with microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments are markedly altered. Together, these findings establish a link between HD and specific defects in the mitochondrial network, thus contributing to understanding cellular mechanisms of HD development, and suggest that mHTT disrupts the interaction of mitochondria with cytoskeletal components responsible for their movement and distribution in the cell, thereby negatively affecting mitochondrial motility and morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 2","pages":"253 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Schizophrenia: Expression Levels of Regulatory Proteins in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells","authors":"Anastasiia S. Boiko,&nbsp;Ivan S. Kopnov,&nbsp;Elena V. Epimakhova,&nbsp;Elena G. Kornetova,&nbsp;Svetlana A. Ivanova","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925603466","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925603466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder whose molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Investigating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent signaling pathways and their contribution to schizophrenia pathogenesis is a promising research direction in schizophrenia research. BDNF activates multiple intracellular cascades, among which the MAPK/ERK pathway plays a central role. In this study, expression levels of key regulatory proteins of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway (ERK1/2, STAT3, STAT5, NF-κB, IGF1R, IRS1, IR, TSC2, and CREB1) were examined in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from schizophrenia patients using multiplex analysis. The study group included 58 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (F20); the control group included 60 healthy individuals. The results revealed significantly increased expression of ERK1/2 and STAT3, along with decreased NF-κB levels, in PBMCs from schizophrenia patients compared to controls. Moreover, patients with leading positive symptoms exhibited elevated expression of CREB1 and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the MAPK/ERK signaling may play a significant role in the pathogenesis schizophrenia. BDNF-dependent signaling pathways may therefore represent promising targets for diagnostics and therapy of this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 2","pages":"299 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teichuronic Acid-Like Polymer in the Cell Wall of Rathayibacter sp. VKM Ac-2856 – A New Type of Acidic Glycopolymer for Representatives of the Genus","authors":"Maksim S. Kokoulin,&nbsp;Natalia V. Potekhina,&nbsp;Elena M. Tulskaya,&nbsp;Yury V. Ospennikov,&nbsp;Lyudmila I. Evtushenko","doi":"10.1134/S0006297925604186","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297925604186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using chemical methods and methods of NMR spectroscopy, the structures of three cell wall glycopolymers of <i>Rathayibacter</i> sp. VKM Ac-2856 (family Microbacteriaceae, class Actinomycetes), isolated from <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> (family Poaceae), were determined. The first polymer, an unsubstituted mannan with a repeating unit, →2)-α-<span>d</span>-Man<i>p</i>-(1→, was discovered in the cell walls of <i>Rathayibacter</i> for the first time. The second, a rhamnomannan, consists of regularly alternating residues of α-<span>d</span>-rhamnose and α-<span>d</span>-mannose and has non-stoichiometric substitution with β-<span>d</span>-Xyl<i>p</i> residues in a 3 : 1 ratio, →2)-α-<span>d</span>-Rha<i>p</i>-(1→3)-[β-<span>d</span>-Xyl<i>p</i>-(1→2)]-α-<span>d</span>-Man<i>p</i>-(1→. The third, a minor, teichuronic acid-like polymer with a trisaccharide repeating unit and <i>R</i>-pyruvic acid, bears side residues of β-<span>d</span>-glucuronic acid, →3)-α-<span>d</span>-[4,6-<i>R</i>-Pyr]-Gal<i>p</i>-(1→3)-β-<span>d</span>-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→6)-[β-<span>d</span>-Glc<i>p</i>A-(1→3)]-α-<span>d</span>-Man<i>p</i>-(1→. The latter distinguishes this polymer from teichuronic acids, which contain uronic acid residues in the main chain. Structure of the teichuronic acid-like polymer is novel for both <i>Rathayibacter</i> and prokaryotes in general. The results of this study demonstrate structural diversity of microbial glycopolymers and are consistent with the previously reported data on the species-specific composition of glycopolymers in the representatives of the genus <i>Rathayibacter</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"91 2","pages":"369 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}