Journal of Anxiety Disorders最新文献_第9页

A meta-analytic review of the relations between anxiety and empathy 焦虑与共情关系的元分析回顾

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102795

Travis K. Nair , Stephanie M. Waslin , Gabriela A. Rodrigues , Saumya Datta, Michael T. Moore , Laura E. Brumariu

{"title":"A meta-analytic review of the relations between anxiety and empathy","authors":"Travis K. Nair , Stephanie M. Waslin , Gabriela A. Rodrigues , Saumya Datta, Michael T. Moore , Laura E. Brumariu","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although theory suggests that empathy may signal a risk for anxiety (Tone & Tully, 2014), the relation between these constructs remains unclear due to the lack of a quantitative synthesis of empirical findings. We addressed this question by conducting three meta-analyses assessing anxiety and general, cognitive, and affective empathy (<em>k</em>’s = 70–102 samples; <em>N</em>’s = 19,410–25,102 participants). Results suggest that anxiety has a small and significant association with general empathy (<em>r</em> = .08). The relation of clinical anxiety with cognitive empathy was significant but very weak (<em>r =</em> −.03), and small for affective empathy (<em>r</em> = .16). Geographic region and the type of cognitive (e.g., perspective taking, fantasy) and affective empathy (e.g., affective resonance, empathic concern) emerged as moderators. Results suggest that anxiety has a weaker association with general empathy but a stronger association with affective empathy in participants from predominantly collectivistic geographic regions. Further, greater anxiety was weakly associated with less perspective-taking and greater fantasy, and anxiety had a more modest association with empathic concern than other types of affective empathy. Targeting affective empathy (e.g., promoting coping strategies when faced with others’ distress) in interventions for anxiety may be beneficial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138467269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benchmarking secondary outcomes to posttraumatic stress disorder symptom change in response to cognitive processing and written exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder 对创伤后应激障碍的认知加工和书面暴露治疗对创伤后应激障碍症状变化的反应的次要结果进行基准测试

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102794

Sarah A. Stoycos , Casey L. Straud , Ian H. Stanley , Brian P. Marx , Patricia A. Resick , Stacey Young-McCaughan , Alan L. Peterson , Denise M. Sloan , for the STRONG STAR Consortium

{"title":"Benchmarking secondary outcomes to posttraumatic stress disorder symptom change in response to cognitive processing and written exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Sarah A. Stoycos , Casey L. Straud , Ian H. Stanley , Brian P. Marx , Patricia A. Resick , Stacey Young-McCaughan , Alan L. Peterson , Denise M. Sloan , for the STRONG STAR Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has high comorbidity with other </span>psychiatric conditions<span>, including depression, generalized anxiety, and suicidality. Evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for PTSD are effective at reducing PTSD symptoms. However, evidence on the impact of PTSD EBTs on comorbid conditions is mixed and often uses pre-post analyses, which disregards PTSD symptom response. This study replicated and extended prior work on benchmarking </span></span>quality of life<span> to PTSD symptom response to a broader range of secondary outcomes using a research-based metric of clinically meaningful PTSD symptom change. Ninety-five active duty military members seeking treatment for PTSD participated in a randomized noninferiority trial<span> examining two cognitive behavioral therapies<span> for PTSD: Written Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy. Participants completed clinician-administered and self-rating assessments at baseline and 10 weeks post-first treatment session and were classified as PTSD treatment responders or nonresponders. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effects models with repeated measures with fixed effects of time and PTSD symptom response category. PTSD treatment responders experienced significant improvements in secondary outcomes; nonresponders demonstrated statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, comorbid symptom change. Our findings provide evidence that successfully treating PTSD symptoms may also positively impact psychiatric comorbidity.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135664413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-event attachment anxiety and avoidance predict posttraumatic stress symptom severity – Results from a longitudinal population-based study 事件前依恋焦虑和回避预测创伤后应激症状的严重程度——一项基于纵向人群的研究结果

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102796

Lutz Wittmann , Sonja Protić , Mark Bosmans , Peter G. van der Velden

{"title":"Pre-event attachment anxiety and avoidance predict posttraumatic stress symptom severity – Results from a longitudinal population-based study","authors":"Lutz Wittmann , Sonja Protić , Mark Bosmans , Peter G. van der Velden","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance have been identified as risk factors for psychopathology following traumatic events. However, the predictive value of pre-event attachment orientations for </span>PTSD symptoms in the general population remains unclear. Attachment anxiety and avoidance, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression, were assessed in autumn 2010 (T0) in 270 adult members of a Dutch research panel. PTSD symptoms were assessed in April (T1), August (T2), and December (T3) 2012 for events occurring within one year before T1. The predictive value of attachment orientations for severity and remission of PTSD cluster and total scores was estimated by latent growth curve analyses controlling for gender, age, and pre-event psychopathology. Attachment anxiety predicted higher posttraumatic stress severity at T1, while attachment avoidance predicted lower initial posttraumatic stress levels, together adding 7.4 % independently explained variance. Higher attachment anxiety was related to more remission of PTSD total scores (6.0 % independently explained variance) which might be understood as an effect of regression to the mean. In conclusion, insecure attachment orientation predicts PTSD symptoms in the general population. Our results advocate the significance of pre-traumatic factors for the prediction of posttraumatic stress and the consideration of attachment orientations in clinical work with trauma survivors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure traced in daily life: improvements in ecologically assessed social and physical activity following exposure-based psychotherapy for anxiety disorders 日常生活暴露追踪:焦虑障碍暴露心理治疗后生态评估社会和身体活动的改善

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102792

Ingmar Heinig , Martin Weiß , Alfons O. Hamm , Grit Hein , Maike Hollandt , Jürgen Hoyer , Philipp Kanske , Jan Richter , Hans-Ulrich Wittchen , Andre Pittig

{"title":"Exposure traced in daily life: improvements in ecologically assessed social and physical activity following exposure-based psychotherapy for anxiety disorders","authors":"Ingmar Heinig , Martin Weiß , Alfons O. Hamm , Grit Hein , Maike Hollandt , Jürgen Hoyer , Philipp Kanske , Jan Richter , Hans-Ulrich Wittchen , Andre Pittig","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders has frequently been proven effective, only few studies examined whether it improves everyday behavioral outcomes such as social and physical activity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>126 participants (85 patients with panic disorder, agoraphobia<span><span>, social anxiety disorder, or </span>specific phobias<span>, and 41 controls without mental disorders) completed smartphone-based ambulatory ratings (activities, social interactions, mood, physical symptoms) and motion sensor-based indices of physical activity (steps, time spent moving, metabolic activity) at baseline, during, and after exposure-based treatment.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Prior to treatment, patients showed reduced mood and physical activity relative to healthy controls. Over the course of therapy, mood ratings, interactions with strangers and indices of physical activity improved, while reported physical symptoms decreased. Overall results did not differ between patients with primary panic disorder/agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder. Higher depression scores at baseline were associated with larger changes in reported symptoms and mood ratings, but smaller changes in physical activity</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Exposure-based treatment initiates increased physical activity, more frequent interaction with strangers, and improvements in everyday mood. The current approach provides objective and fine-graded process and outcome measures that may help to further improve treatments and possibly reduce relapse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102793

Melissa G. Guineau , Nessa Ikani , Bea Tiemens , Richard Oude Voshaar , Marjolein Fokkema , Gert-Jan Hendriks

{"title":"Age related differences in symptom networks of overall psychological functioning in a sample of patients diagnosed with anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Melissa G. Guineau , Nessa Ikani , Bea Tiemens , Richard Oude Voshaar , Marjolein Fokkema , Gert-Jan Hendriks","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are among the most prevalent mental disorders across the lifespan. Yet, it has been suggested that there are phenomenological differences and differences in treatment outcomes between younger and older adults. There is, however, no consensus about the age that differentiates younger adults from older adults. As such, studies use different cut-off ages that are not well founded theoretically nor empirically. Network tree analysis was used to identify at what age adults differed in their symptom network of psychological functioning in a sample of Dutch patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders, OCD, or PTSD (N = 27,386). The networktree algorithm found a first optimal split at age 30 and a second split at age 50. Results suggest that differences in symptom networks emerge around 30 and 50 years of age, but that the core symptoms related to anxiety remain stable across age. If our results will be replicated in future studies, our study may suggest using the age split of 30 or 50 years in studies that aim to investigate differences across the lifespan. In addition, our study may suggest that age-related central symptoms are an important focus during treatment monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618523001317/pdfft?md5=adf1b30e3129f5738e7cfc74d604f6dc&pid=1-s2.0-S0887618523001317-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134655266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of fear of evaluation in group perception 对评估的恐惧在群体感知中的作用。

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102791

Jin Shin , Thomas L. Rodebaugh

{"title":"The role of fear of evaluation in group perception","authors":"Jin Shin , Thomas L. Rodebaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with interpersonal impairment. One possible reason for this dysfunction is that people with SAD evaluate others differently on dimensions of warmth and dominance compared to individuals without the disorder. In the current study, we examined whether two core constructs of SAD, fear of negative evaluation and fear of positive evaluation, affect the judgments that people make about groups based on warmth and dominance. We also investigated whether racial similarity (i.e., whether someone is the same race as those they’re interacting with) and ethnic identity (i.e., one’s sense of belonging to a particular social group) played a role in the types of evaluations people made. We created vignettes about groups varying in warmth and dominance, as well as photos varying in racial makeup. We presented photo-vignette pairs to participants and asked them to rate their desire to interact with the groups depicted in the photo-vignette. Participants in general reported greater desire to interact with warmer and less dominant groups. People with higher fear of negative evaluation reported higher desire for interaction with warmer groups, and those with higher fear of positive evaluation reported higher desire to interact with less dominant groups. We did not find any support for our hypothesis that people with stronger ethnic identity would show greater desire to interact with groups that were more similar to their race. Implications for treatment and directions for further research are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The free-viewing matrix task: A reliable measure of attention allocation in psychopathology 自由观察矩阵任务：精神病理学中注意力分配的可靠度量。

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102789

Dana Shamai-Leshem , Rany Abend , Gal Arad , Omer Azriel , Lyndsey Chong , Peter de Jong , Chelsea Dyan Gober Dykan , Greg Hajcak , Julia Klawohn , Alexandria Meyer , Klavdia Neophytou , Yuval Neria , Georgia Panayiotou , Franklin Schneier , Ali Soleymani , Noga Yair , Daniel S. Pine , Yair Bar-Haim , Amit Lazarov

{"title":"The free-viewing matrix task: A reliable measure of attention allocation in psychopathology","authors":"Dana Shamai-Leshem , Rany Abend , Gal Arad , Omer Azriel , Lyndsey Chong , Peter de Jong , Chelsea Dyan Gober Dykan , Greg Hajcak , Julia Klawohn , Alexandria Meyer , Klavdia Neophytou , Yuval Neria , Georgia Panayiotou , Franklin Schneier , Ali Soleymani , Noga Yair , Daniel S. Pine , Yair Bar-Haim , Amit Lazarov","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aberrant attention allocation has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of a range of psychopathologies. However, three decades of research, relying primarily on manual response-time tasks, have been challenged on the grounds of poor reliability of its attention bias indices. Here, in a large, multisite, international study we provide reliability information for a new eye-tracking-based measure of attention allocation and its relation to psychopathology and age. Data from 1567 participants, across a wide range of psychiatric diagnoses and ages, were aggregated from nine sites around the world. Of these, 213 participants also provided retest data. Acceptable overall internal consistency and test-retest reliability were observed among adult participants (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86 and <em>r</em>(213) = 0.89, respectively), as well as across all examined psychopathologies. Youth demonstrated lower internal consistency scores (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.65). Finally, the percent dwell time index derived from the task statistically differentiated between healthy participants and participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These results potentially address a long-standing reliability crisis in this research field. Aberrant attention allocation patterns in a variety of psychiatric disorders may be targeted with the hope of affecting symptoms. The attention allocation index derived from the matrix task offers reliable means to measure such cognitive target engagement in clinical contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72211390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Remote cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis 社交焦虑症的远程认知行为治疗：一项荟萃分析。

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102787

Halaina R. Winter , Alice R. Norton , Jade L. Burley , Bethany M. Wootton

{"title":"Remote cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis","authors":"Halaina R. Winter , Alice R. Norton , Jade L. Burley , Bethany M. Wootton","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Remote cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for </span>social anxiety disorder<span> (SAD) has the potential to improve access to treatment by reducing economic, geographic, and psychological barriers. The aim of this study was to use a meta-analytic approach to examine the efficacy of the different remote CBT methods for treating SAD. A systematic electronic database search was used to identify 31 studies (</span></span><em>n</em> = 2905; mean age range: 24.73–41.65 years; mean female representation = 60.2 %). Pooled within-group analyses indicated large effect sizes from pre-treatment to post-treatment (Hedges’ <em>g</em> = 1.06; 95 % CI: 0.96–1.16) and pre-treatment to follow up (<em>g</em> = 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.33) for remote CBT. Internet-delivered CBT (<em>g</em> = 1.08; 95 % CI: 0.98–1.19) and application-delivered CBT (<em>g</em> = 1.19; 95 % CI: 0.75–1.64) produced large within-group effect sizes. Bibliotherapy-delivered CBT (<em>g</em> = 0.79; 95 % CI: 0.45–1.13) produced medium within-group effect sizes. Pooled between-group findings indicate that remote CBT treatments were more effective than passive control (<em>g</em> = 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.70–1.03) and non-CBT remote treatments (<em>g</em> = 0.41; 95 % CI: 0.17–0.66), and were at least as effective, or slightly more effective, than face-to-face CBT treatments (<em>g</em> = 0.34; 95 % CI: 0.14–0.54). These findings have important implications for the dissemination of remote and stepped-care treatments for SAD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61565589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Values- versus monetary reward-enhanced exposure therapy for the treatment of social anxiety in emerging adulthood 价值观与金钱奖励增强暴露疗法治疗成年后的社交焦虑。

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102788

Rebecca L. Schneider , Joanna J. Arch

{"title":"Values- versus monetary reward-enhanced exposure therapy for the treatment of social anxiety in emerging adulthood","authors":"Rebecca L. Schneider , Joanna J. Arch","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure therapy represents the gold-standard treatment for social anxiety, yet evidence indicates the need for improvement. One promising avenue involves linking exposures to a motivator. The current study examined the impact of intrinsically-rewarding, personal values-enhanced versus extrinsically-rewarding, monetary-enhanced exposure on short-term social anxiety fear and avoidance outcomes, and evaluated impacted initial treatment motivation and exposure generalization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty emerging adults ages 17–26 with significantly elevated social and public speaking anxiety were randomized to receive values-enhanced exposure, monetary reward-enhanced exposure, or exposure alone. They completed a laboratory session with a brief intervention and speech exposure, one-week follow-up with novel exposure, and online follow-up two weeks later. Subjective and behavioral anxiety measures were collected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Linking exposures to values decreased self-reported anxiety following the speech exposure retest, which generalized to anticipatory anxiety prior to a novel speech task. Linking exposures to money temporarily increased speech length, but this difference did not remain during the novel task. Conditions showed similar improvements on other outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Extrinsic motivators can temporarily motivate exposure engagement, whereas a brief values intervention can enhance exposure learning and decrease subjective anxiety across feared situations compared to monetary enhancement. If replicated, this has pragmatic implications for exposure framing within social anxiety treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of action underlying virtual reality exposure treatment in spider phobia: Pivotal role of within-session fear reduction 虚拟现实暴露治疗蜘蛛恐惧症的作用机制：会话内减少恐惧的关键作用

IF 10.3 2区医学

Journal of Anxiety Disorders Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102790

Kati Roesmann , Elisabeth J. Leehr , Joscha Böhnlein , Bettina Gathmann , Martin J. Herrmann , Markus Junghöfer , Hanna Schwarzmeier , Fabian R. Seeger , Niklas Siminski , Thomas Straube , Udo Dannlowski , Ulrike Lueken

{"title":"Mechanisms of action underlying virtual reality exposure treatment in spider phobia: Pivotal role of within-session fear reduction","authors":"Kati Roesmann , Elisabeth J. Leehr , Joscha Böhnlein , Bettina Gathmann , Martin J. Herrmann , Markus Junghöfer , Hanna Schwarzmeier , Fabian R. Seeger , Niklas Siminski , Thomas Straube , Udo Dannlowski , Ulrike Lueken","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although virtual-reality exposure treatment (VRET) for anxiety disorders is an efficient treatment option for specific phobia, mechanisms of action for immediate and sustained treatment response need to be elucidated. Towards this aim, core therapy process variables were assessed as predictors for short- and long-term VR treatment outcomes. In a bi-centric study, n = 186 patients with spider phobia completed a baseline-assessment, a one-session VRET, a post-therapy assessment, and a 6-month-follow-up assessment (ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03208400). Short- and long-term outcomes regarding self-reported symptoms in the spider phobia questionnaire (SPQ) and final patient-spider distance in the behavioral avoidance test (BAT) were predicted via logistic regression models with the corresponding baseline score, age, initial fear activation, within-session fear reduction and fear expectancy violation as predictors. To predict long-term remission status at 6-month-follow-up, dimensional short-term changes in the SPQ and BAT were additionally included. Higher within-session fear reductions predicted better treatment outcomes (long-term SPQ; short- and long-term BAT). Lower initial fear activation tended to be associated with better long-term outcomes (SPQ), while fear expectancy violation was not associated with any outcome measure. Short-term change in the SPQ predicted remission status. Findings highlight that in VRET for spider phobia, the experience of fear reduction is central for short- and long-term treatment success and should be focused by therapists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49791238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0