Journal of Anxiety Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Behavioural experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: A brief intervention delivered via videoconference for adults with generalised anxiety disorder","authors":"Emily J. Wilson ,&nbsp;Maree J. Abbott ,&nbsp;Alice R. Norton ,&nbsp;Jessica Riley ,&nbsp;David Berle","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accessing psychological treatment is often met with barriers of time, cost, and availability. Focused brief interventions delivered via videoconference can overcome some of these barriers. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility, as well as processes of exposure-based learning for a brief intervention for treating generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), utilising behavioural experiments delivered via videoconference. Participants (<em>N</em> = 40) with a primary diagnosis of GAD were assessed via clinical interview and randomised to either the treatment condition (<em>n</em> = 20) or waitlist condition (<em>n</em> = 20). Treatment consisted of two weekly 1-hour sessions where participants utilised behavioural experiments to test negative beliefs about uncertainty. The primary outcomes were worry, safety behaviours, avoidance, depression, anxiety, physiological tension, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU). Linear mixed models indicated that the treatment group was only superior to the waitlist group on change from pre- to post-treatment for worry. The combined group (once waitlisted participants received treatment) evidenced significant reduction across all outcomes from pre- to post-treatment, except for anxiety. Additionally, there was evidence that expectancy violation and habituation occurred, suggesting that behavioural experiments facilitate different processes of exposure-based learning. The intervention was also found to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible by adults with GAD. Thus, the remotely delivered brief intervention shows promise as an effective option for individuals with GAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where is the ‘Anxious’ in climate anxiety? Evidence from Chinese social media big data","authors":"Ling Tan ,&nbsp;Zongyao Yang ,&nbsp;Zhe Xu ,&nbsp;Yifei Xu ,&nbsp;Xianhua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate anxiety has emerged as a significant global psychological and social response to climate change, potentially shaping public engagement and support for climate-related technologies and policies. Here we develop a framework for analyzing online climate anxiety using social media data from China based on 177,232 geo-referenced Weibo posts from 2010 to 2024. The analysis began with the investigation of climate anxiety themes using climate-anxious dictionaries and machine learning methods. Next, the emotional intensity of climate anxiety was assessed through the semantic similarity-based scoring approach. Finally, statistical models were applied to measure the factors influencing climate anxiety. Four major findings are arrived. First, extreme weather events (52.36 %) and livelihood and resource insecurity (22.87 %) were the most discussed and concerning themes, with a notable increase in discussions during summer and autumn. Second, the intensity of climate anxiety has risen significantly. The average intensity increased from 4.42 during the period of 2010–2017 to 7.08 during 2018–2024, with a further notable rise to 7.49 in the more recent period from 2020 to 2024. Third, regions such as Beijing (8.70), Guangdong (8.31), and Zhejiang (7.94) exhibited the highest levels of climate anxiety. Fourth, the intensity of climate anxiety is associated with key demographic and regional factors. Specifically, younger individuals and those residing in climate-vulnerable or informationally developed regions exhibited stronger emotional responses. The framework provides a scalable method for tracking the spatiotemporal dynamics of collective climate anxiety online. The findings demonstrate that digital expressions of climate anxiety constitute a measurable indicator of public concern and carry significant implications for anticipating societal responses and designing targeted communication within climate governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting outcomes from cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: A Bayesian network analysis","authors":"Emily Rogerson ,&nbsp;Mel Simmonds-Buckley ,&nbsp;Stephen Kellett ,&nbsp;Jaime Delgadillo","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of predictors of treatment response in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) could help to improve treatment outcomes. This study sought to identify which specific social anxiety symptoms measured pre-treatment were associated with post-treatment outcomes. A pre-registered retrospective cohort study was conducted including a sample of N = 1315 patients treated with CBT for SAD in routine clinical practice. The sample was partitioned into training and test subsets (random 50:50 split) to evaluate the model’s out-of-sample performance. The outcome was a reliable and clinically significant improvement (RCSI) in anxiety after treatment. A Bayesian network model based on symptoms measured by the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) was developed in the training sample (n = 658) using 10-fold cross-validation for variable selection. Predictive accuracy was evaluated in an external test sample (n = 657) using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Predictive accuracy reduced when comparing performance in the training (AUC = 0.67) to test samples (AUC = 0.58) with moderate out-of-sample prediction shrinkage (6.76 %). The variable selection process yielded a network of four key interrelated SAD symptoms: <em>avoiding public speaking, fear of embarrassment, avoiding criticism and fear of being observed.</em> Identifying important SAD symptoms at assessment enables these to be targeted during CBT to potentially help maximise treatment efficiency and effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the eight item contrast avoidance questionnaire-general emotion scale (CAQ-GE-8): An item-response theory analysis","authors":"Sandra J. Llera ,&nbsp;Nur Hani Zainal ,&nbsp;Michelle G. Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Goal</h3><div>We developed and validated an 8-item version of the 25-item Contrast Avoidance Questionnaire-General Emotion (CAQ-GE) scale, named the CAQ-GE-8.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using unselected university undergraduates (<em>N</em> = 8432), we conducted item-response theory (IRT) analyses with a confirmatory graded response model. We then examined the ability of the CAQ-GE-8 to predict probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). With two other student samples, we examined the scale’s convergent/discriminant validity (<em>N</em> = 410) as well as retest reliability (<em>N</em> = 124).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CAQ-GE-8 contained the same 2 factors as the CAQ-GE (F1: Create and Sustain Negative Emotions to Avoid Negative Contrasts [SNE], 5 items; and F2: Discomfort with Emotional Shifts [DES], 3 items). Both factors demonstrated strong internal consistency. The brief scale predicted probable GAD using a cut-point score of ≥ 15 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]:.794), and probable MDD using a cut-point score of ≥ 13 (AUC:.782). The CAQ-GE-8 and its two subscales also demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, and good to excellent retest reliability over 1 week (<em>r</em> = .737–.879).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings support the use of the CAQ-GE-8, both in research and in treatment, to assess the construct of contrast avoidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of combined low-frequency rTMS and cognitive behavioral therapy for unmedicated panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Xiaojie Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia Luo ,&nbsp;Pengchong Wang ,&nbsp;Fang He ,&nbsp;Limin Meng ,&nbsp;Qin Qin ,&nbsp;Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first-line intervention for panic disorder (PD), yet a subset of patients exhibits suboptimal response. This randomized controlled trial investigated whether low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) augments the efficacy of CBT in unmedicated PD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty patients with PD were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham rTMS combined with standardized CBT. Outcomes were assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP). Bayesian linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was employed to analyze changes in clinical scores over time, accounting for repeated measures and baseline severity. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate the robustness of the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LMM analysis revealed a significant group × time interaction for both PDSS and HAMA scores. The active rTMS group showed significantly greater reduction in panic and anxiety symptoms compared to the sham group from week 2 onward. At the 12-week endpoint, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in overall psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90), depressive symptoms (HAMD-17), illness severity (CGI-S), and psychosocial functioning (PSP). However, the active rTMS group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in PSP scores compared to the sham control group, while no superior improvement was observed in SCL-90, CGI-S, or HAMD-17 scores. Both treatments were well tolerated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Active rTMS significantly accelerated and enhanced early anxiety and panic symptom reduction when combined with CBT, demonstrating its potential as an effective adjunctive strategy in the initial phase of treatment. The combination was safe and feasible, supporting further investigation into optimized sequencing and long-term outcomes in PD management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socialsatiation: Social anxiety alters belongingness dynamics?","authors":"Dan Eliray Hay ,&nbsp;Shir Porat-Butman ,&nbsp;Yogev Kivity ,&nbsp;Einat Levy-Gigi ,&nbsp;Eva Gilboa-Schechtman","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Social interactions and stable individual differences shape an individual's sense of belongingness —a core need of being accepted by others. Indeed, a sense of belonging is postulated—and found—to affect and be affected by socializing. A diminished sense of belonging and reduced socializing characterizes social anxiety (SA). However, the impact of SA on the temporal dynamics between socializing and belongingness remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we examined the impact of SA on socializing-belongingness dynamics. Participants (N = 116) provided real-time reports on social interactions (three times a day) and belongingness (five times a day) across a 15–17-day period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SA moderated the relationship between socializing and belongingness. Individuals with low SA exhibited a maximizing pattern, with belongingness increasing continuously as socializing increased. In contrast, individuals with high SA showed a satiation effect, in which belongingness plateaued after a certain amount of socializing. Finally, both SA and socializing prospectively predicted perceived belongingness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings reveal person-specific dynamics of belongingness, with high levels of SA associated with reduced benefits from social engagement. These findings suggest that enhancing social opportunities and assisting individuals in recognizing optimal levels of socializing may jointly contribute to more fulfilling intra- and interpersonal functioning in SA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following two “armed and dangerous person” campus lockdowns","authors":"Joseph B. Friedman ,&nbsp;Tate F. Halverson ,&nbsp;Emily K. Juel ,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Myers ,&nbsp;Mujgan Inozu ,&nbsp;Jonathan S. Abramowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study examined predictors of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and general distress symptoms following two campus-wide “armed and dangerous person” lockdowns at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Participants (<em>N</em> = 287) completed baseline surveys four weeks post-lockdowns, with 115 participating in follow-ups over seven months. Utilizing the cognitive model of PTSD, we investigated posttraumatic cognitions, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and prior trauma as predictors of PTS and general distress. Results revealed that higher initial posttraumatic cognitions and AS were associated with greater PTS and distress symptom severity. Interestingly, elevated posttraumatic cognitions predicted a faster reduction in PTS symptoms over time, while AS effects remained stable. Prior trauma did not significantly predict outcomes. These findings highlight the roles of specific cognitive factors in shaping responses to trauma and emphasize the potential for targeted interventions to mitigate symptoms following collective stressful events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the relationship between changes in trauma-related cognitions and PTSD outcome in response to trauma-focused psychotherapy: A three-level meta-analysis","authors":"Dharani Keyan ,&nbsp;Nadine Garland ,&nbsp;Polly Rise ,&nbsp;Hana McMahon ,&nbsp;Richard Bryant","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prevailing models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that trauma-related cognitions have a critical role in influencing the persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise the strength of the relationship between changes in trauma-related cognitions and PTSD severity in response to trauma-focused psychotherapy (T-F psychotherapy). We also sought to explore potential moderators of this relationship. Four databases (PubMed (includes MEDLINE), PsycINFO, PTSDpubs (formerly PILOTS), and Cochrane library) were searched for relevant studies. Additional ‘hand search’ strategies were conducted to obtain relevant articles that may have been missed in the original database searches. A total of 44 studies reporting 95 effect sizes with data from 5102 participants were extracted. Primary analyses indicated that pre-post reductions in trauma-related cognitions were significantly related to pre-post reductions in PTSD severity, <em>r</em> = .45 (<em>95 %CI</em> [.40,.49], <em>p</em> &lt; .0001). Additionally, mid-treatment reductions in trauma-related cognitions were significantly associated with mid-treatment reductions in PTSD severity, <em>r</em> = .42 (<em>95 %CI</em> [.34,.50], <em>p</em> &lt; .0001). Exploratory moderator analyses did not yield any significant findings of this relationship between changes in trauma-related cognitions and PTSD severity. Secondary analyses revealed that reductions in trauma-related cognitions after T-F psychotherapy were similalry related to reduced PTSD severity after treatment, <em>r</em> = .49 (<em>95 %CI</em> [.40,.57], <em>p</em> &lt; .0001). These findings underscore the importance of reductions in trauma-related cognitions as a potential key indicator of PTSD symptom reduction throughout varied points of T-F psychotherapy. The implications for augmenting outcomes of T-F psychotherapy are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exposure continuum model: A theoretical framework for understanding exposure across trauma-centered psychotherapies","authors":"Dori Rubinstein ,&nbsp;Nachshon Korem ,&nbsp;David G. Bullard ,&nbsp;Ilan Harpaz-Rotem","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure techniques are foundational in trauma treatment, yet their application varies significantly across psychotherapies. This theoretical paper introduces the Exposure Continuum Model (ECM), a novel comprehensive framework that classifies trauma-centered therapeutic approaches along two key dimensions: Closeness (implicit to explicit or indirect to direct exposure) and Standardized Cumulative Dose (repetition and duration) of exposure. These dimensions provide a map that spans across evidence-based trauma-focused therapies (e.g., Prolonged Exposure [PE], Cognitive Processing Therapy [CPT], Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR]) and other, trauma-informed modalities (e.g., Interpersonal Psychotherapy [IPT], Somatic Experiencing [SE]). The paper reviews the clinical, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms that underpin exposure therapy, highlighting the diversity of its application across different therapeutic modalities. It also offers a detailed description of how these therapies incorporate exposure components and locate them within the model. By offering a structured framework for understanding the exposure component matrix across therapies, this cornerstone paper lays the foundation for future research and practice. These future data-driven explorations will help clinicians refine treatment approaches based on variables such as trauma type, time from trauma, symptom severity, and individual differences among patients, therapists, and therapeutic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social anxiety in the context of the alternative DSM-5 model of personality disorder","authors":"Jeffrey R. Vittengl ,&nbsp;Eunyoe Ro ,&nbsp;Robin B. Jarrett ,&nbsp;Lee Anna Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Section-III of <em>DSM-5</em> introduced an alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) including both personality dysfunction and maladaptive-range traits. This study clarified relations of social anxiety symptoms, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and Section-II avoidant personality disorder (APD) with AMPD personality pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Adults (<em>N</em> = 600; including mental-health outpatients and non-patients at risk for personality pathology) completed self-report and interviewer-rated measures of social anxiety and AMPD constructs, including self and interpersonal functioning and trait negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, antagonism, and psychoticism. Most participants (<em>n</em> = 497) completed reassessment, on average 8 months later. We examined convergence of social anxiety with personality pathology, as well as prediction of longitudinal changes in social anxiety from baseline personality and vice versa. We focused on results replicating across self-reported social anxiety symptoms, interviewer-rated SAD and APD criterion counts, and self- and interviewer-rated personality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Concurrently, social anxiety related to higher negative affectivity, detachment, self dysfunction, and interpersonal dysfunction. Of these, the latter three dimensions predicted increases in social anxiety longitudinally. Social anxiety did not predict longitudinal changes in personality pathology as consistently.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Generalization of findings to other populations, settings, and methods, such as adolescents, primary care, or direct observation, is uncertain. Longitudinal analyses suggested causality but could not establish it.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The AMPD enriches description of current social anxiety and prediction of changes in social anxiety. Assessment of personality pathology, including both personality dysfunction and maladaptive-range traits, may identify targets for prevention or treatment of social anxiety, to be tested in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48390,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 103104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}