Habitat International最新文献

{"title":"Practices for rural population aging in China: Land-based pension","authors":"Yuanzhi Guo ,&nbsp;Jieyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, rural China is aging rapidly. Population aging implies that people's role in economic activities is transforming from \"producer-consumer\" to \"consumer-producer\". Coupled with the weakening of intergenerational relationships and the disintegration of the intergenerational division of labor caused by demographic transition, inefficient land use is common in rural China, making it difficult to sustain the traditional family pension model based on the land. Promoted by land system reform, the practice of land-based pension based on \"the separation of the three rights\" of the land has solved the problem of labor shortage in agricultural production through the introduction of market mechanisms, and reshaped rural human-land relationship. Meanwhile, it revitalizes rural land resources through the assetization and capitalization of land resources, meeting the increasingly transformed and upgraded pension demands of rural elderly. The case study of Lüyi Town in Shandong Province shows that land-based pension has increased the livelihood capital of rural elderly, improved their living conditions, and effectively solved the problem of rural pension while promoting agricultural and rural modernization. As an important supplement to the existing rural pension system, the practice of land-based pension is an exploration of a positive response to rural population ageing, and can be promoted through systematic institutional design in some of the economically better-off regions of China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive evolution and dynamic mechanism of resort socioecological system in tourism cities: The case of Qinhuangdao, China","authors":"Caixia Gao ,&nbsp;Siyou Xia ,&nbsp;Jiaming Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Tao ,&nbsp;Zehui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resort socioecological systems (SESs) have changed significantly worldwide because of rapid urbanisation and tourism development. Exploring the dynamics and driving mechanisms of resort SES at different stages is beneficial for understanding urban adaption to future pressure, creating elaborate strategies for tourism innovation, and achieving sustainable resort development. Therefore, this study proposed the Adaptive-TALC model as a novel analytical framework for resort evolution, using Qinhuangdao Resort as an empirical case study. The results revealed that 1) from 1979 to 2023, Qinhuangdao tourism resort had been gradually transformed from a simple socioecological system based on natural resource utilization to a complex adaptive system integrating natural and human resource utilization, 2) governance systems played a pivotal role in resort evolution, and business utilized digital technology to innovate resort products, thereby accelerating system renewal and reorganisation, and 3) within the context of panarchy, Aranya's holiday products serve as a model for local businesses to improve and innovate their products and ultimately promote Qinhuangdao's sustainable development. This study contributes to theories of tourist destination evolution by providing a novel framework for the cognition of the tourism resource sustainable utilization in resorts and provides insights into innovative approaches such as nature-cultural hybrid solutions, adaptive urban planning, and digital tourism, enabling tourism cities to enhance their adaption and mitigate potential risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fluctuating mosaic of socio-spatial inequalities in central Pyongyang under the pressures of marketization","authors":"Pavel P. Em ,&nbsp;Alexander V. Sheludkov","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>North Korea is one of the world's remaining totalitarian states. Nevertheless, marketization, despite officially being banned, rapidly developed and metamorphosed local society following the severe economic crisis of the mid-1990s. This article examines the transformation of central Pyongyang after 2000 through the lens of socio-spatial inequalities using residential housing as a key criterion. Utilizing historical satellite images, we accurately mapped and traced the evolution of housing stock in central Pyongyang over the past two decades. The coexistence of the market and the legacy of the state's welfare system was found to have kept the slums, quasi-slums and a nomenklatura gated community geographically distinct and socially homogeneous. In contrast, in other parts of central Pyongyang, the active pursuit of middle-size and high-rise residential development, taking forms of housing renovations, redevelopments of industrial sites, and infill development, have rapidly expanded and verticalized the residential urban fabric while intensifying a spatial intermixture of different socio-economic groups. In short, marketization was powerful enough to transform the urban landscape and the patterns of socio-spatial inequality in Pyongyang despite the numerous institutional and administrative barriers that have maintained socio-spatial distance between those at the very top and the very bottom.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Place attachment, regional identity and perceptions of urbanization in Moshi, Tanzania","authors":"Stephan Schmidt ,&nbsp;Said Nuhu ,&nbsp;Ryan Thomas ,&nbsp;Wenzheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In rural areas on the peri-urban fringe of rapidly expanding African cities, urbanization can be interpreted and conceived as an unwelcome change threatening traditional ways of life and personal and community cultural identity of rural areas with customary land tenure arrangements and generally ethnically homogenous populations. In this paper, we examine the relationship between place attachment and residents' perceptions of various aspects of urban life, using Moshi, Tanzania, located in a region long identified with the Chagga people, as a case study. We utilize a survey of approximately 700 respondents, stratified by location, and use principal component analysis to construct variables for place attachment, perceptions of cities, and perceived risks associated with urbanization. Utilizing stepwise regression techniques, we find that there was a significant decrease in levels of place attachment between rural, per-urban, and urban locations. We also find that residents who associate the city with more negative characteristics report higher levels of place attachment. This suggests that urbanization is perceived as a threat to people's sense of place. Finally, we find that place attachment is positively associated with age, while being Chagga, owning land, and being native to the area are associated with greater levels of place attachment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-led versus market-led: How institutional arrangements impact collaborative governance in participatory urban regeneration in China","authors":"Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Wen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Both state-led and market-led institutional arrangements have been experimented in China to form collaborative governance among diverse stakeholders in participatory urban regeneration. Relatively less is known about how institutional arrangements as structural constraints impact the formation of collaborative governance. Building upon Giddens' structuration theory and collaborative governance theory, this paper develops a novel framework that converges on the reciprocity between structural and agency elements and applies it to two residential regeneration cases in Shenzhen. The findings reveal that in residential regeneration, the state-led institutional structure has a greater capacity than the market-led structure to create relational links for community participation. Various factors, including variations in land property rights, path dependencies and institutional certainties, explain the findings. The formation of collaborative governance relies on the shaping effect of structural elements on agents' behaviors in institutional design, including not only well-designed rules to regulate sanctions, constitute common meaning and allocate resources proportionally to actors' responsibilities, but also premium-allocated resources in accordance with stakeholders’ responsibilities. These findings contribute to a better understanding of collaborative governance and help improve participatory urban regeneration policymaking in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do college graduates serving as village officials help mitigate income inequality within village?","authors":"Wenrong Qian ,&nbsp;Erga Luo ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Zhen Han ,&nbsp;Jinkai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China has made the remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation, but there remains a great challenge to effectively support disadvantaged farmers and mitigate income inequality. The policy of College Graduates Serving as Village Officials (CGVOs), through which reallocates the high-quality talents mostly from large and medium cities to villages, has not received the deserved attention. In this study, we construct the theoretical framework about how CGVOs mitigate Income Inequality within Village (IIV). With a nationally representative panel data, we use Difference in Difference estimator and identify the impact of CGVOs. Main findings are as follows: (1) CGVOs can help mitigate IIV, mainly reflected in increasing farmers' operating income, property income, and transfer income and targeting the disadvantaged farmers. (2) CGVOs play an important role in optimizing production factor allocation, obtaining external resource support, improving the governance transparency, and increasing farmers' access to public service. (3) CGVOs' functions tend to vary in regional endowments and village secretary's characteristics. Finally, we put forward policy suggestions about how to fully utilize CGVOs' roles, which would shed light on village development in other developing countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103131"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventory land era and transformation of China's urban regeneration: An empirical study of Chengdu Hi-Tech West District, China","authors":"Haifeng Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the past, under the GDP-centered promotion tournament, the growth coalition theory was often used to explain commercial and residential district regeneration in China, which was property-led and profit-driven. However, currently, due to the new domestic and international environment, China is undergoing an unprecedented and profound transformation and entering the inventory land era, leading to significant changes in the assessment system for local officials. Specifically, the new assessment system incorporates a diverse array of indicators beyond mere economic growth, signifying a transition from a GDP-centered to a multi-objective promotion tournament. Consequently, in this new context, the traditional growth coalition is no longer sufficient to theorize current urban regeneration. Additionally, industrial district regeneration, the mechanism of which may differ from commercial and residential district regeneration, was often neglected before and requires further investigation. Through the case study of Chengdu Hi-tech West District, this study explores the transformation of Chinese urban regeneration in this new era. It argues that China's governmental assessment system has adjusted by dismantling the previous promotion tournament model based on economic growth in the new era. Under the multi-objective promotion tournament, local officials now consider other aspects in addition to economic growth. For them, IDR has been treated as an effective approach to protecting cropland, undertaking new enterprises with limited space, and becoming the flagship in promoting economical and intensive land use, all of which are of great concern to the central government. Therefore, local officials are keen on industrial district regeneration now, even though it does not yield direct and immediate economic benefits. In this process, they mobilize other actors and leverage key resources to achieve and balance their multiple goals. Accordingly, the traditional growth coalition is declining, while a new kind of coalition based on high-quality development is emerging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397524001334/pdfft?md5=9632e93002a9fa8b4f628084a46311d6&pid=1-s2.0-S0197397524001334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimaging owner-built housing in the free state, South Africa","authors":"Nolwazi M.R. Qumbisa ,&nbsp;Fidelis A. Emuze ,&nbsp;John Smallwood","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In South Africa, the state provides low-income housing through subsidies to construct starter homes; however, the effort is insufficient to meet the country's housing demand. Another form of public or subsidised housing provision is the self-help housing model. The extent of the impact of the self-help model is not well reported. To close this gap, this article reports on a study expedited to assess whether the self-help housing model could be revitalised to curb the proliferation of informal settlements, especially in the central region of South Africa. The qualitative research aimed to suggest strategies to increase the use of the self-help housing model in the region. The qualitative (textual) data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions before they were subjected to thematic analysis. The study revealed that challenges encumber the self-help model of housing delivery, although the beneficiaries prefer it because of their involvement in the projects, which leads to bigger units and user satisfaction. The study concludes that the self-help housing policy used in South Africa requires revision to increase the scale of implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397524001309/pdfft?md5=384cd1877a4991794e7f8c25af0af351&pid=1-s2.0-S0197397524001309-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of voluntary collective action in China's rural land development","authors":"Lin Zhou ,&nbsp;Walter Timo de Vries ,&nbsp;Guancheng Guo ,&nbsp;Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Chenyu Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China is gradually and directly making rural collective land available on the land market. It is important to understand how stakeholders collectively treat and manage this land, and if this collective action leads to effective and sustainable results. This paper, however, revises Ostrom's framework of collective action by constructing the joint analysis of social capital, trust, and cooperation performance, in order to better capture the distinction between voluntary action and enforced action of stakeholders towards a sustainable goal. We analyze the role of voluntary collective action through higher-order structural equation modeling (HSEM), applied to a database consisting of 324 households in Jiangsu Province, China, collected in 2022 and 2023. The results suggest that social capital effectively promotes villagers' trust in policy implementers by establishing new institutions, increasing actors' trustworthiness, and improving channels of information exchange, and the first two means are more effective than the latter. We also demonstrate the significant positive effect of trust on cooperation performance, with trusting relationships with familiar groups and the credible behavior of policy implementers affecting performance outcomes of collective action. Moreover, social capital drives cooperation performance through the mediating effect of mutual trust that it breeds. With this revised framework and verified hypotheses one can thus create more effective policies to avoid inequality and informality in the land marketization process in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397524001218/pdfft?md5=d1358e6bc1695b2d68fc949ffda6b1f8&pid=1-s2.0-S0197397524001218-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faith, policy, and suicide: A Machine learning and spatial analysis approach of religious affiliation and suicide rates in Toronto","authors":"Eric Vaz ,&nbsp;Bruno Damásio ,&nbsp;Michael Cusimano","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research employs spatial analysis to investigate the intricate relationship between religious affiliations and suicide rates in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of southern Ontario, Canada. As the seventh-leading cause of death in Canada, suicide necessitates targeted prevention strategies, especially in areas with lower suicide rates such as Ontario. To explore spatial patterns of suicide attempts and intentional self-inflicted injuries, individual-level data is collected and generalized to the census tract for rigorous spatial analyses.</p><p>Self-Organizing Maps are utilized to build distinct regional clusters based on shared characteristics. These clusters unveil diverse combinations of suicide counts, religious affiliations, income levels, education levels, and immigrant populations, providing comprehensive insights into the multicultural composition of the area.</p><p>The study findings reveal specific spatial patterns of suicide attempts associated with particular religious affiliations, shedding new light on the influence of faith and spirituality on mental health outcomes within the context of suicide prevention. The analysis underscores the importance of a nuanced understanding of these factors to guide effective suicide prevention interventions.</p><p>Considering the spatial distribution of religious affiliations and suicide rates, this study offers valuable guidance for targeted and culturally sensitive suicide prevention efforts in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region and other similar urban landscapes. The implications of this research extend to the broader mental health field and emphasize the significance of accounting for sociocultural dimensions in devising evidence-based interventions to mitigate suicide effectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}