Habitat International最新文献

{"title":"Breathing space in a compact city: Impacts of urban re-densification on Mumbai's low-income housing environment","authors":"Ronita Bardhan ,&nbsp;Jiayu Pan ,&nbsp;Shushen Chen ,&nbsp;Tze Yeung Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Redevelopment of low-income settlements by re-densifying cities is a common approach in the Global South to improve living conditions and tackle the housing shortage. However, the effectiveness of the housing design in redevelopment schemes remains to be questioned. This study evaluates a proposed design of a slum redevelopment project in Mumbai, India, by comparing the environmental performance of three design schemes: the existing low-income housing, the redevelopment scheme proposed by the local government and a hypothetical design (modified scheme) that aligns with positive environmental outcomes identified in the current literature. The environmental factors such as the natural airflow, incident solar radiation and daylighting parameters were assessed by computational simulations and validated by a wind tunnel experiment. These factors were associated with direct and indirect density metrics of the three design schemes to inform better policymaking for slum redevelopment projects that seek to re-densify housing for the urban poor. The results indicated that the design performance of the redeveloped scheme is less preferable due to the unclean indoor air and inadequate daylighting conditions requiring large-scale demolition of the existing buildings. The modified plan requires minimal demolishment and demonstrates relatively better environmental performance. The study revealed that indirect density measures - building geometry factors and urban form parameters - are essential in affecting the ecological performance of housing. Considering these factors in design standards and policymaking for high-density redevelopment schemes can enable the “Goldilocks density” that significantly improves the quality of living while densifying the cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103098"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397524000985/pdfft?md5=82aee56a84575f99ccbbaf2620a93549&pid=1-s2.0-S0197397524000985-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance transformation among urbanization in China: From hierarchical model to contract-based exploration","authors":"Shurong Yao ,&nbsp;Yujun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuzhe Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Governance has recently been recognized as a crucial factor in sustainable urbanization. China, as a developing nation experiencing rapid urbanization, is facing governance challenges in urbanization due to changing socio-economic environment. However, the existing hierarchical governance mechanisms of urbanization, characterized by centralized decision-making, soft cost constraints and distorted incentives, makes it difficult to adapt to transition to sustainable urbanization. Thus, the development of governance mechanisms and capacities that are aligned with the urbanization transformation is a significant theoretical and practical issue in China. Nevertheless, the micro transformation mechanism of urbanization governance in China has not been analyzed systematically. In Chengdu, a town recently explored a contract-based governance mechanisms in urbanization that uses contracts as a means to encourage collaboration among various stakeholders in the urban construction and operation. This practice provides a new viewpoint on urbanization transformation. To explain its effectiveness and feasibility, the article develops a framework of “property rights-governance-performance”. The results indicate that contract-based governance mechanisms, characterized by negotiated decision-making, cost constraints, value creation and benefit sharing, performs better than hierarchical governance mechanisms in governing urbanization. The transformation from hierarchical to contract-based governance mechanisms enhances the understanding of stakeholder interactions and contractual issues in urban governance, while also providing insights into the urbanization transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A participatory foresight approach to envisioning post-pandemic urban development pathways in Tokyo","authors":"Ayyoob Sharifi ,&nbsp;Prince Dacosta Aboagye ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Akito Murayama","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring sustainable urban futures demands varied approaches, particularly with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, which presents a unique situation and experience for reimagining urban futures. A considerable number of scientific inquiries have adopted participatory foresight approaches to imagining sustainable urban development pathways. However, not many have used a similar approach to envision urban development pathways in a post-COVID-19 era. Based on available evidence on the impacts of COVID-19 on urban forms and lifestyles and citizens’ experiences during the pandemic, such a study is imperative to better understand how people from different demographic groups envision an ideal post-pandemic city. Using the Greater Tokyo Area as a case study, we adopted the Q methodology to determine post-pandemic urban development pathways from the subjective viewpoints of diverse stakeholders. We identified four development pathways for an ideal post-pandemic city. The first pathway is a resilient city with good neighborhood accessibility and sustainable urban regeneration. The second and third pathways, shared by younger people, focus on pro-environmental climate change mitigation (city compactness, shared mobility) and pro-urban resilience, respectively. The final pathway imagines a post-pandemic city that is accessible, safe, and smart. We found that different age groups perceive their ideal cities differently, especially when emphasizing the nexus between pandemics and cities. The study illustrates the need to adopt more participatory approaches in designing future urban development pathways since varied perspectives of an ideal city exist among different age demographics. These approaches promote equitable, inclusive, and transparent urban planning, advancing community support for policymaking and implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Late)nt? Exploring the latent potential for participatory heritage conservation in makhanda, South Africa","authors":"Philippa Margaret Irvine,&nbsp;Zandile Nombulelo Dlongolo","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is an increasing call for heritage management to decentralise and involve stakeholders outside of the sphere of governance. This research focuses on participatory conservation of heritage resources and the value of narrative in heritage conservation and tourism development. The case study is situated in the city of Makhanda, which was established in 1812 and possesses a significant number of individual built environment heritage resources and historic streetscapes. These urban features have been identified as assets to the city by various stakeholders and institutions, but they remain under threat. Utilising semi-structured interviews with owners of historic residential properties in the city, the paper argues that homeowners are an underutilised resource in the management of the historic urban fabric. The study found that homeowners held an appreciation for and identified the value of the historic features of their properties, and it argues that this appreciation can be harnessed in heritage management. Interviews revealed, however, that homeowners faced many challenges in managing and maintaining their historic properties and received little support in this regard. Citizen participation in heritage conservation was limited and a top-down approach to heritage resource management predominated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397524001073/pdfft?md5=c559cb2633a56075ac2b90a5f2077a47&pid=1-s2.0-S0197397524001073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realities or mythologies: England's village pubs and counterurbanisation","authors":"Claire Markham","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The countryside is again becoming a ‘popular’ destination for many as they seek to find residence away from the urban. Within this narrative of counterurbanisation village services, and interactions within them are often seen as being attractive and integral to the ‘dream’ of rural living. Yet the realties are often very different, as can be seen through the village pub. Whilst the village pub for many represents a space which goes beyond the consumption of alcohol and offers economic, social, and cultural importance, it can also be a space of difference and inequality. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding the different narratives ascribed to the village pub from those who have moved or want to move to the rural. And how these narratives are often interwoven with the ‘rural idyll’ leading to inaccurate representations and unrealistic expectations of the village pub. The importance of this paper resides addressing some of the above gaps by looking at the village pub, its meaning and importance to individuals and communities in the context of counterurbanisation. By looking at the village pub through, an English rural county, and a cultural lens this paper highlights that the village pub is seen and experienced as adding value of different kinds – economic, social, and cultural, and that different groups attach different levels of importance to these kinds of value. Through drawing on Bourdieu's concept of capitals to explore these values it is shown that the different kinds of value attached to village pubs can work in the Bourdieusian interpretation as capital and be self-expanding and inter-convertible but can also work to undermine one another. Thus, impacting on how village pubs are seen and experienced within the context of counterurbanisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397524001061/pdfft?md5=211ff74e03bc3be5920023fa010bac9d&pid=1-s2.0-S0197397524001061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural transformation and its links to farmland use transition: Theoretical insights and empirical evidence from Jiangsu, China","authors":"Yuzhu Zang ,&nbsp;Shougeng Hu ,&nbsp;Yansui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rural transformation and farmland use transition are significant phenomena in rural areas worldwide. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of investigation into the co-occurrence of these two processes in the same geographical context, and theoretical discussions about their interconnections remain inadequate. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed a comprehensive theoretical framework to elucidate the intricate connections between rural transformation and farmland use transition. Subsequently, we conducted a case study in Jiangsu province to offer robust empirical evidence substantiating this framework. Our findings show that: (1) The rural transformation and farmlands use transition in Jiangsu partially aligns with global trends, as evidenced by population decline, shifts towards non-agricultural employment, advanced agricultural mechanization, farmland loss and fragmentation; however, nuanced distinctions were also observed within Jiangsu, characterized by the reduced reliance on chemicals and increased use of plastic film in agriculture, as well as the declining cropping diversity in cultivation paradigm. (2) The developed rural areas in Jiangsu demonstrate a more pronounced shift towards high-efficiency agriculture and reduced reliance on chemicals, while simultaneously encountering more significant challenges of farmland loss and fragmentation compared to their less-developed counterparts. (3) Rural depopulation, non-agricultural employment, and increased rural income positively influence farmland loss and fragmentation but negatively impact cultivation diversity. Additionally, there were no observed adverse associations between farmland loss, fragmentation, and agricultural productivity or mechanization. Our findings contribute to the existing knowledge on how rural transformation links to farmland use transition in eastern China and shed insights on making place-based, problem-driven spatial governance policies for reconciling farmland conservation and rural development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic urban legend, Agbogbloshie: Sweeping away the \"World's Largest E-Waste Dumpsite\"","authors":"Richard Grant ,&nbsp;Martin Oteng-Ababio ,&nbsp;Michael Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agbogbloshie, once an internationally recognised toxic e-waste site, was thrust into prominence by sensationalised media and literature. Despite various e-waste initiatives by the government and development partners, the municipality unexpectedly demolished the site in 2021. This action can be attributed partly to the municipality's inability to effectively manage informality, and partly to the propagation of questionable ‘facts’ based on inadequate data, journalistic views, and distortions, which fueled an urban myth and intensified extreme perceptions about Agbogbloshie and its policy trajectory. The emergence and downfall of this academic urban legend are demonstrated through an examination of Wikipedia activity related to the Agbogbloshie page, Google citations, other digital traces, and publication patterns. The Agbogbloshie case highlights the risks of globalizing extreme urban cases, underscores the need for more consistent and aligned urban policies and actions in Accra that are not only consistent and aligned but also cognizant of the complexities of informality, viewing it as a manifestation of underlying socio-economic challenges. It also calls for strategies that avoid displacement and fragmentation, recognising the potential hazards of relocating informal challenges to other urban and peri-urban areas following slum demolitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103097"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How new rural elites facilitate community-based homestead system reform in rural China: A perspective of village transformation","authors":"Weiping Liu ,&nbsp;Lin Yin ,&nbsp;Yan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In line with China's rural transformation, the homestead system reform (HSR) pilots have been launched to rectify adverse land-related issues by formalising and capitalising land property rights. In contrast with a government-led model prevalent among most national HSR pilots, a community-based approach has been experimented with and proven efficient in Yujiang County, southern China. It highlights a pivotal role of the endogenous and public-spirited activists who are locally called ‘new rural elites’ (NREs). From the perspective of village transformation processes, this paper establishes a theoretical framework and employs a case study in Yujiang to interpret the underlying rationale for NREs' involvement in HSR. The findings indicate that HSR, aiming at multi-level space reshaping and ‘<em>three rights separation</em>’ reform, is in alignment with the triple processes of village transformation (i.e., <em>systemic</em>, <em>communal</em>, and <em>living</em>). The NREs represent a cultural force for facilitating village transformation, which is underpinned by the <em>capacity</em>, <em>channel</em> and <em>carrier</em> endowed by urban-rural linkages, interpersonal value transmission and community social solidarity, respectively. The benevolent dominance of the NREs is jointly shaped by governmental empowerment and accountability, egalitarian property rights design and strong social solidarity. To expand NREs' benevolent roles, this study recommends aligning community empowerment with the improvements of community-based action capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103096"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of unplanned settlements on urban renewal projects with GEE","authors":"Okan Yılmaz ,&nbsp;Mehmet Alkan","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatial plans and strategies ensure that urbanization takes place according to predetermined scientific and technical criteria. Urbanization that takes place without taking into account these legal and technical bases lead to the emergence of informal, risky and dysfunctional settlements. Over time, these settlements become increasingly vulnerable due to their failure to meet social and technical requirements, making their sustainability increasingly challenging, and inevitably becoming subjects of urban renewal activities. Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform's archive of satellite images provides temporal monitoring of urbanization on Earth for about 50 years and analysis of changes in the cloud environment. This study investigates whether the GEE platform can use to detect the impact of the areas where settlement activities are carried out without a development plan in the current urban transformation projects in Istanbul. Land use/cover maps classified with the Random Forest algorithm correlate urbanization activities in urban renewal areas with the entry into force date of the spatial plans that guide the settlement. The classification results evaluated in conjunction with statistical tests and spatial plan decisions demonstrate that unplanned urbanization is a serious obstacle to the sustainability of settlements. Additionally, the study results show the performance of the GEE platform in detecting the effects of factors in the urbanization period. The GEE platform can serve as a facilitative tool for deriving lessons from urbanization experiences to inform policymaking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103095"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there interactions between the urban and rural construction land use transition? Evidence from Jiangsu province in China","authors":"Xin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaofu Kuang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Ma ,&nbsp;Chuangchang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interactive feedback between the transition of urban construction land (UCL) and rural construction land (RCL) lies at the forefront of land use transition (LUT) research, and can shape the intrinsic driving forces for land system sustainable transition and urban-rural integrated development. This study innovatively investigated the interactive feedback between UCL and RCL transition. First, a theoretical analytical framework was proposed. Second, a spatial simultaneous equation model (SSEM) was employed to examine the interactive feedback between UCL and RCL transitions in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2000 to 2020. The main findings were as follows: The interactive feedback between UCL and RCL transitions followed two paths. The first interactive feedback path was driven by the interaction of urban and rural factors, whereas the second was driven by the integrated management of urban and rural land. UCL and RCL transition witnessed a positive interactive feedback relation. Specifically, a 1% increase in UCL transition led to a 0.535% increase in RCL transition, and a 1% increase in RCL transition resulted in a 0.579% increase in UCL transition. The two aspects exhibited complex spatial interaction effects. The UCL transition in the subject city had positive and negative effects on the UCL and RCL transitions of neighboring cities, respectively. The RCL transition had positive effect on the RCL transition in neighboring cities. The key to regulation is to make the mutual feedback pathways unobstructed through innovative policies in terms of both direct and indirect regulation. This study contributes to advance research on LUT and provides scientific evidence for urban–rural integrated development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140818702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}