Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory最新文献

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Stuck in the waiting room: citizen experiences of administrative limbo in three European crises 被困在候诊室:三次欧洲危机中行政混乱的公民经历
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf017
Bjorn Kleizen, Wouter Van Dooren, Muiris MacCarthaigh, Céline Vanden Abbeele
{"title":"Stuck in the waiting room: citizen experiences of administrative limbo in three European crises","authors":"Bjorn Kleizen, Wouter Van Dooren, Muiris MacCarthaigh, Céline Vanden Abbeele","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf017","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there have been numerous cases where citizens have found themselves stuck in highly protracted administrative processes affecting outcomes vital to their lives and livelihoods. However, systematic inquiries into the experience of being trapped by bureaucratic procedures or state inaction for sometimes multiple years are still lacking. To study the interactions between citizens and the state when long waiting times and significant outcomes are involved, we introduce the concept of administrative limbo. We examine administrative limbo using primary and secondary interview data from the Irish defective concrete block crisis, the Dutch childcare benefits affair, and the Dutch Groningen gas crisis. Findings suggest that experiences of administrative limbo are marked by prolonged and extensive uncertainty, accumulating strain, and negatively impacted life perspectives. We find that the effects of being stuck in administrative limbo are profound, indicating that temporal experiences of inaction and action should be further explored in public administration.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Financial Performance Of State-Owned Enterprises: Does Political Ideology Play A Role? 国有企业财务绩效:政治意识形态是否起作用?
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf014
Leonardo Henrique Lima de Pilla, Alketa Peci, Rodrigo de Oliveira Leite
{"title":"Financial Performance Of State-Owned Enterprises: Does Political Ideology Play A Role?","authors":"Leonardo Henrique Lima de Pilla, Alketa Peci, Rodrigo de Oliveira Leite","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf014","url":null,"abstract":"Corporatization in the public sector entails decentralizing the provision of public goods and services to more autonomous entities, including state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Research indicates that the decision to corporatize is driven, among other factors, by the pursuit of financial sustainability in public organizations. A continuing debate revolves around whether the political ideology of incumbents is linked to the creation of SOEs. However, limited attention has been given to understanding if incumbents’ ideology shapes SOEs’ financial performance and, hence, financial sustainability. This is concerning because SOEs operate beyond political cycles, facing pressures from ideologically different governments over time. Herein, we investigate whether the incumbents’ ideologies shape SOEs’ financial performance. We hypothesize that the more right leaning the incumbent, the greater the SOEs’ financial performance. However, given that incumbents’ decisions are influenced by their political parties’ behaviors, the effects of ideology may be contingent on these factors. Thus, we investigate whether the association of incumbents’ ideology with SOEs’ financial performance is weaker when incumbents’ political parties display non-policy behaviors (e.g., by prioritizing electoral outcomes or office occupation). We analyze a 2019–2022 panel of 317 SOEs controlled by 27 subnational governments in Brazil with both FGLS and instrumental variable regression approaches. The data comprising 1,116 SOE-year observations confirm our hypotheses. Our research contributes to scholarship on the drivers of public organizations’ financial performance and sheds light on the role of political contingencies, such as incumbents’ ideology and party predominant behaviors regarding SOEs’ financial performance—a commonly overlooked gap in current research.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do governance platforms achieve the aims of the platform sponsor? Principal-agent tension in environmental governance reforms 治理平台是否实现了平台发起人的目标?环境治理改革中的委托代理紧张关系
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf015
Elise Zufall, Tyler Scott, Mark Lubell, Linda Esteli Mendez Barrientos
{"title":"Do governance platforms achieve the aims of the platform sponsor? Principal-agent tension in environmental governance reforms","authors":"Elise Zufall, Tyler Scott, Mark Lubell, Linda Esteli Mendez Barrientos","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf015","url":null,"abstract":"State and federal governments use governance platforms to achieve central policy goals through distributed action at the local level. For example, California’s 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) mandates local policy actors to work together to create new groundwater management institutions and plans. We argue that governance platforms entail a principal-agent problem where local decisions may deviate from central goals. We apply this argument to SGMA implementation, where local plans may respond more to local political economic conditions rather than address the groundwater problems prioritized by the state. Using a Structured Topic Model (STM) to analyze the content of 117 basin management plans, we regress each plan’s focus on core management reform priorities on local socio-economic and social-ecological indicators expected to shape how different communities respond to state requirements. Our results suggest that the focus of local plans diverges from problem conditions on issues like environmental justice and drinking water quality. This highlights how principal-agent logics of divergent preferences and information asymmetry can affect the design and implementation of governance platforms.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Routines amid the unpredictable: A street-level organization’s robust response to COVID-19 不可预测中的惯例:一个基层组织对COVID-19的强有力应对
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf016
Jade Wong
{"title":"Routines amid the unpredictable: A street-level organization’s robust response to COVID-19","authors":"Jade Wong","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf016","url":null,"abstract":"Street-level organizations, which implement public policy on behalf of the state, often operate under unstable conditions. Workers routinely face resource shortfalls, complex client interactions, and ever-changing rules, prompting them to develop coping strategies. These instabilities, while disruptive, tend to be predictable, allowing those coping strategies to stabilize into routines that effectively constitute de facto, as distinct from de jure, policy. But what happens when instability becomes unpredictable, such as during wars, disasters, or pandemics, where prior experience offers little guidance? This paper explores two questions: (1) Do street-level workers develop different coping strategies under unpredictable, as opposed to predictable, instability? (2) Can those strategies become routinized amid unpredictable flux? The second question poses a conceptual challenge. If instability unfolds too rapidly and erratically for coping strategies to form, those strategies may never stabilize into the kind of routines that matter—those that shape policy in practice. To explore these questions, I modify the street-level bureaucracy framework by incorporating concepts from the turbulence literature, particularly the notion of robustness: patterned responses that enable systems to maintain core functions and values under conditions of unpredictable flux. Empirically, I draw from six-months of in-person and virtual ethnographic data to examine how leaders from a single U.S.-based street-level organization navigated the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrary to scholarship emphasizing innovation during the crisis, the leaders’ response was surprisingly ordinary, grounded in pre-existing behaviors. Theoretically, these findings suggest that even amid unpredictable instability, street-level workers can still develop routines that matter for policy-as-produced—not by inventing new coping strategies, but by reusing old ones, including those employed by leaders.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Influence of Administrative Capacities on Administrative Burdens 试论行政能力对行政负担的影响
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf011
Fabiola Perales-Fernandez
{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Administrative Capacities on Administrative Burdens","authors":"Fabiola Perales-Fernandez","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf011","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores administrative capacities to explain the variation in the public’s experience of administrative burdens. Through a qualitative exploratory case study based on semi-structured interviews in Mexico, the paper argues that administrative capacities can structure or shape administrative burdens. The effect can be either positive, where burdens are alleviated or transferred to the state, or negative, where burdens are amplified or newly created. This study identified six administrative capacities that influence administrative burdens: the design of interaction rules, government communication strategies, government resources, organizational structures that provide personalized assistance to citizens, coordination schemes among government offices, and professionalization of street-level bureaucrats. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the governance of administrative burdens and strategies for burden reduction.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking the rules, but for whom? How client characteristics affect frontline professionals’ prosocial rule-breaking behavior 打破规则,但为了谁呢?客户特征如何影响一线专业人员的亲社会违规行为
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf010
Eduard Schmidt, Bernard Bernards, Suzan van der Pas
{"title":"Breaking the rules, but for whom? How client characteristics affect frontline professionals’ prosocial rule-breaking behavior","authors":"Eduard Schmidt, Bernard Bernards, Suzan van der Pas","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf010","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that a client’s characteristics can affect frontline professionals’ decision-making and use of discretion. However, we do not know whether these dynamics also exist in frontline professionals' prosocial rule-breaking (PSRB): breaking rules to benefit clients. This study focuses on to what extent and how client characteristics affect PSRB by frontline professionals. Using an innovative within-person vignette experiment among professionals in social welfare teams in the Netherlands (N=58 professionals; 424 observations), we focus on clients’ earned, needed, and resource deservingness. The results show that all three elements of deservingness positively affect the willingness of professionals to engage in PSRB, but needed deservingness has the greatest effect. Through three focus groups (N=21 respondents), we build on this finding to reveal how different motives for PSRB align with various dimensions of deservingness. The results contribute to theory development on the use of discretion among frontline professionals.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why are policy actors so distrustful of each other, and how?Cognitive, behavioral, and endogenous relational sources of perceived distrust in governance networks 为什么政策参与者如此不信任彼此,又是如何做到的?治理网络中感知到的不信任的认知、行为和内生关系来源
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf006
Jeongyoon Lee, Jennifer Dodge
{"title":"Why are policy actors so distrustful of each other, and how?Cognitive, behavioral, and endogenous relational sources of perceived distrust in governance networks","authors":"Jeongyoon Lee, Jennifer Dodge","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf006","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of collaboration and shared governance, paradoxically, distrust manifests frequently in government and political institutions and is seen as dysfunctional to democracy, making governing networks challenging. Yet, previous studies emphasize the significance of promoting trust more than addressing distrust in networks. Distrust differs from the absence of trust. It involves relationships characterized by doubt, suspicion, or opportunism. Relatively little is known about why distrusting relationships occur and how they develop in adversarial interorganizational governance networks. Using quantitative network surveys and qualitative interview data from organizations involved in an adversarial local hydraulic fracturing governance network in New York, our mixed-method analyses fill this gap. We found evidence of cognitive distrust from different policy beliefs and identity-based subgroups and two sources of behavioral distrust (competition and non-collaboration), as well as the interactions between cognitive and behavioral sources of distrusting relationships. We further identified underexplored sources of endogenous relational distrust: strong and negative reciprocity, non-transitivity, and Simmelian ties (meaning mutual third-party ties). These relational sources suggest that the distrust networks mutually reinforce each other but are less clustered and more indirect. Our study advances network management scholarship by showing why distrusting relationships occur and how they escalate within adversarial networks.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Navigating Ambiguity in Crisis: The Impact of Organizational Goal Ambiguity on Public Sector Performance in the Wake of Exogenous Shocks 危机中的模糊导航:外生冲击后组织目标模糊对公共部门绩效的影响
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf005
Youkyoung Jeong, Jongdae Song
{"title":"Navigating Ambiguity in Crisis: The Impact of Organizational Goal Ambiguity on Public Sector Performance in the Wake of Exogenous Shocks","authors":"Youkyoung Jeong, Jongdae Song","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf005","url":null,"abstract":"This study advances a deeper understanding of the antecedents and mediators of goal ambiguity within public organizations. Expanding upon the established notion of the negative relationship between goal ambiguity and performance in public organizations, this study goes one step further by exploring how exogenous shocks may exacerbate this adverse impact. Focusing on the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent responses taken by the South Korean government, this study aims to offer a comprehensive examination of the complex interplay between organizational goals and performance during unforeseen disruptions. Drawing on data from the 2019 and 2020 Korean Public Employee Viewpoint Survey (KPEV) with 6,552 respondents, this study employs a moderated multiple regression model to examine the moderating role of exogenous shocks. The findings reveal that exogenous shocks can act as moderators, intensifying the detrimental effects of goal ambiguity on organizational performance. This study thus highlights the mutable nature of goals in public organizations, especially in times of crisis, suggesting the necessity of understanding the intricate dynamics within a prevailing premise of the negative association of goal ambiguity and organizational performance.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Weakness of Weak Ties: Do Social Capital Investments among Leaders Pay Off During Times of Disaster? 弱关系的弱点:灾难时期领导人之间的社会资本投资是否有回报?
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf002
Brand Nowell, Toddi Steelman
{"title":"The Weakness of Weak Ties: Do Social Capital Investments among Leaders Pay Off During Times of Disaster?","authors":"Brand Nowell, Toddi Steelman","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf002","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical literature on social capital and disasters, as well as conventional wisdom, suggests the importance of pre-disaster relationship building among leaders of responding organizations and agencies for disaster readiness and response. Often implied, but rarely tested empirically, research presumes a positive and linear relationship associated with investments in social capital for effective disaster response. Any amount of relationship building is better than none, but more is better. But is it? In this article, we use a rare longitudinal, pre-post disaster dataset of dyadic ties among leaders to examine key questions related to investments in social capital before a disaster, the expected payoffs from these investments, the actual payoffs of these investments and the marginal effects of such investments. Our findings indicate that pre-disaster relationship building has a non-linear relationship to expected payoffs and actual payoffs. Marginal effects analyses suggests three interesting, though perhaps counter-intuitive, relationships between the investment and expected and actual payoffs in social capital. First, leaders reported expecting disproportionately high payoffs from relatively small relationship investments prior to the disaster. Second, infrequent pre-disaster interactions were found to be no different than no prior interaction when looking at actual payoffs from these investments. Finally, relationships that were deemed most problematic were among those with weak ties. Overall, results suggest that the efficacy of pre-disaster relationship building is more complicated than one would expect based on extant literature. More investment in social capital may be better in some cases, but the benefits from these investments appear only after a certain threshold is met and, in some cases, may have diminishing returns. Potential theoretical drivers for these seemingly counter-intuitive findings are discussed while calling for further research to investigate these dynamics in other contexts.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Interplay of Discretion and Complexity in Public Contracting and Renegotiations 公共合同与再谈判中自由裁量权与复杂性的相互作用
IF 4.2 1区 管理学
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muaf004
Fernando Deodato Domingos, Carolyn J Heinrich, Stéphane Saussier, Mehdi Shiva
{"title":"The Interplay of Discretion and Complexity in Public Contracting and Renegotiations","authors":"Fernando Deodato Domingos, Carolyn J Heinrich, Stéphane Saussier, Mehdi Shiva","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaf004","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates how the use of discretion in public-private contracts interplays with transactional complexity in influencing contract renegotiations. Motivations for contract renegotiations may be positive, negative (e.g., opportunistic), or neutral, and we argue that allowing discretion at the award stage may promote a more relational approach to contracting that fosters cooperation and productive adaptation. Using a dataset of 12,189 renegotiated contracts from the Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) eProcurement platform—based on European Union public procurement directives—we apply regression analyses and propensity score matching to examine how contracts are awarded and renegotiated. Our findings suggest that contracts awarded with government discretion are associated with renegotiations that are viewed more positively and less likely to be perceived as opportunistic. However, this beneficial role for discretion appears to be mitigated by contract transactional complexity, making this a critical consideration in efforts to improve the governance of provider relationships and increase public value. By integrating insights from incomplete and relational contracting theories, this study contributes to the public administration and management literature by demonstrating how discretion and complexity jointly shape contract renegotiation dynamics, informing governance strategies that balance flexibility and accountability in public procurement.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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