International Journal of Drug Policy最新文献

{"title":"Opioid Settlements in Canada: Avoiding U.S. Pitfalls, Embracing Best Practices","authors":"Daniel Eisenkraft Klein , Christine Minhee","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes toward and experience with naloxone among people who use drugs in the Southeastern United States","authors":"Mylinh H. Le ,&nbsp;Tanja C. Laschober ,&nbsp;Susan Tross ,&nbsp;Margaret Paschen-Wolff ,&nbsp;Melissa M. Ertl ,&nbsp;Lynette Wright ,&nbsp;Mary A. Hatch","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The opioid epidemic presses on as a significant public health issue in the U.S., with particularly high overdose death rates in the Southeast. Naloxone is the standard of care for reversing opioid overdose; however, many people who use drugs (PWUD) experience barriers to naloxone use. This cross-sectional survey study aims to describe awareness of, experience with, willingness, barriers, and distribution strategies for naloxone among PWUD in the Southeast.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were obtained from a larger implementation survey study. Descriptive analyses focused on N = 381 people in substance use treatment programs, syringe services programs, and sexually transmitted infection clinics who reported non-prescription opioid use in the past 12 months and completed a naloxone-related questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most PWUD reported using opioids daily (60–62 %). 82 % had previously heard of naloxone, but only 43 % reported having received any type of training to use it. On a 5-point scale, PWUD without prior training (<em>n</em> = 219) reported being very willing to be trained to use naloxone on someone who overdoses (<em>Mdn</em>=5.00, <em>IQR</em>=2.00). Among all PWUD, not knowing where to go for naloxone training was the only barrier to using naloxone that was endorsed with certainty (<em>Mdn</em>=4.00, <em>IQR</em>=2.00). PWUD endorsed three strategies to improve naloxone distribution, including wanting their site to offer naloxone training (<em>Mdn</em>=4.00, <em>IQR</em>=1.00), increased access to naloxone education (<em>Mdn</em>=4.00, <em>IQR</em>=1.00), and connecting people to training programs (<em>Mdn</em>=4.00, <em>IQR</em>=1.00).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that improvements are still needed in the saturation of naloxone training and distribution among PWUD, including in settings that provide non-opioid related services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public spheres or echo chambers? Nonprofit E-advocacy and civic engagement on harm reduction policy in the U.S.","authors":"Seongho An ,&nbsp;Daejun Park ,&nbsp;Jihyeon Song","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how social media platforms shape drug policy advocacy by analyzing stakeholder engagement surrounding supervised consumption sites in New York City. While research has explored organizational use of social media for advocacy, less attention has focused on patterns of civic engagement and dialogue. Analyzing messages and comments from two opposing organizations—OnPoint NYC and Harlem East Block Association—over 24 months (2022–2023), we investigate whether social media-based drug policy advocacy creates public spheres for diverse dialogue or echo chambers of like-minded individuals. Through content and stakeholder analysis of 1,513 organizational messages and 428 user comments, we find that social media can function as a public sphere for policy discourse, though this depends on organizational approach. Evidence of substantial inter-organizational engagement suggests opportunities for coalition-building through social media advocacy. These findings enhance understanding of digital advocacy's role in policy discourse and provide insights for organizations seeking to effectively engage stakeholders through social media platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 104772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calling time on low-risk drinking guidelines: An evaluation of alternative methods to communicate risks of alcohol use to consumers","authors":"Isabella Priore ,&nbsp;Tim Stockwell ,&nbsp;Jinhui Zhao ,&nbsp;Sybil Goulet-Stock ,&nbsp;Darren Kruisselbrink ,&nbsp;Tim Naimi","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current epidemiological analyses suggest there is no risk-free level of alcohol consumption. Awareness remains low and consumption levels high. There is limited research on the types of alcohol warning label (AWL) messages to address this concern.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We tested alternative AWL messages with young adults to identify effective methods of communicating Canada's 2023 Guidance on Alcohol and Health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited 332 young adults attending two Canadian universities who drank at least monthly. Participants’ knowledge of health risks from alcohol was assessed. Six AWLs were developed to communicate (a) traditional “low risk” limits, (b) alcohol's cancer risk, (c) guidelines to keep mortality risk below 1 %, (d) reduced life expectancy in minutes per drink, (e) reduced life expectancy in months or (f) a “drink less” message. AWLs were rated for impact on purchasing, clarity, discomfort and degree of annoyance caused. Mixed regression was used to analyse the rated scores all compared with a control message which recommended consumers drink responsibly. T-tests were used to test for significance between the impact ratings of the AWLs. The AWLs were also discussed by a focus group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants correctly identified liver cirrhosis (93.37 %) and pancreatitis (85.84 %) as caused by alcohol, fewer identified throat (38.25 %) or breast cancer (24.70 %). All six experimental AWLs were rated as significantly more impactful on purchasing behaviour than the control. The highest mean ratings were received for the ‘Cancer Risk’ (3.09, 95 % CIs: 2.95–3.25), the ‘5 Minutes of Life Lost per Drink’ (3.01, 95 % CIs: 2.87–3.16) and ‘Three Months of Life Lost’ (2.96, 95 % CIs: 2.82–3.11) AWLs. Traditional drinking guideline messages and a ‘1 % mortality risk’ message performed relatively poorly. These results were confirmed by qualitative analysis of the focus group discussion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Health communications, including AWLs, may be more effective if they highlight specific, tangible risks from alcohol consumption such as cancer and potential impacts on life expectancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perception and management of risk by people who use heroin in Hong Kong's ‘drug-free’ society","authors":"Verity Smith ,&nbsp;Karen Joe-Laidler ,&nbsp;Kate Lowe ,&nbsp;Leona Ngai Ling Li ,&nbsp;Velda Chun Wai Chui","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hong Kong's drug policy is firm in its goal of a ‘drug-free’ society, implemented through abstinence-based rehabilitation and law enforcement. Heroin use is declining and those who continue to use it are an aging, vulnerable and socially stigmatized population who manage an array of risks with few resources available to them. We conducted semi-structured interviews with older persons who use heroin (n=25), to understand how they perceive and manage drug-related health risks, and the challenges they face. This paper adopts a socially situated paradigm of risk behaviour to analyse how people who use heroin in Hong Kong perceive and manage risks to their health, including: withdrawal, overdose, injection-related infections, polysubstance use and mental health risks. We found that older people who use heroin are generally risk averse and knowledgeable about harm reduction, having cultivated routine risk reduction strategies over their drug using careers. Our socially situated lens reveals that risk perceptions fluctuate, and the acceptability of risk changes over time and in response to context mediated by power dynamics, and access to social and economic capital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis legalization and increasing cannabis use in the United States: Data from urine toxicology testing in emergency room patients","authors":"David S. Fink ,&nbsp;Hillary Samples ,&nbsp;Carol A. Malte ,&nbsp;Mark Olfson ,&nbsp;Melanie M. Wall ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Alschuler ,&nbsp;Tracy Simpson ,&nbsp;Zachary Mannes ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Saxon ,&nbsp;Deborah S. Hasin","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study objectives</h3><div>Rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) appear to be increasing nationally, with increases greater in states that legalized cannabis use. However, as legalization has progressed and stigma declined, some of these apparent increases could be due to greater willingness of survey respondents and patients to acknowledge cannabis involvement. Biological indicators of cannabis use overcome some concerns about trends denoted by self-report data whose validity is potentially changing over time. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between medical cannabis laws (MCL) and recreational cannabis laws (RCL) and the prevalence of cannabis-positive urine drug screens (UDS) in a large patient sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Veterans Health Administration (VHA) emergency department (ED) patients aged 18–75 years with ≥1 ED visit for any reason in a given year from 2008 to 2019 were included. Staggered-adoption difference-in-difference analysis was used to estimate the association between MCL and RCL enactment on cannabis-positive UDS, fitting adjusted linear binomial regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adjusted cannabis-positive UDS prevalences increased from 16.4 % to 25.6 % in states with no cannabis law, 16.6 % to 27.6 % in MCL-only-enacting states, and 18.2 % to 33.8 % in RCL-enacting states. MCL-only and RCL enactment was associated with a 0.8 % (95 % CI, 0.4–1.0) and 2.9 % (95 % CI, 2.5–3.3) increase in prevalence of cannabis-positive UDS, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MCL and RCL enactment played a significant role in the overall increases in cannabis-positive UDS among ED patients. The increase in a biological measure of cannabis use helps reduce concerns about reporting bias as cannabis becomes increasingly legalized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring drug policy evolution: A cross-country analysis","authors":"Ricardo Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Ana Lourenço ,&nbsp;Helia Marreiros","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug policies significantly impact public health and criminal justice outcomes, yet quantitative tools for systematically comparing approaches across jurisdictions remain limited. This paper uses a state-of-the-art comparative law method – leximetrics – to construct the Illicit Drugs Policy Indexes (IDPI), a valuable resource for assessing the evolution of drug policies over time within a specific country as well as across countries. The IDPI consists of a set of indexes corresponding to multiple dimensions of drug policy, including laws around consumption, possession and traffic. These indexes examine illicit drug laws and policies across seven countries: Australia, Canada, France, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom, over a timeframe of twenty years from 1996 to 2016. Our results identify significant turning points in the evolution of laws regarding drugs, often indicating a shift towards less criminal-oriented approaches. Moreover, the paper identifies the countries which progressed more in that direction, over time. The underlying IDPI methodology provides policymakers and researchers with a standardized framework for evidence-based drug policy evaluation and reform, adaptable across jurisdictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining gender in alcohol research: A systematic review of gender differences in how men and women are studied in alcohol research","authors":"Megan Cook ,&nbsp;Amy Pennay ,&nbsp;Gabriel Caluzzi ,&nbsp;Amanda Cooklin ,&nbsp;Sarah MacLean ,&nbsp;Benjamin Riordan ,&nbsp;Alexandra Torney ,&nbsp;Sarah Callinan","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This systematic review examined differences in the way women and men have been studied in alcohol research over the past decade. In particular, it explored differences in methodology, discipline, country, subpopulation and age focus, to understand who is being studied and how.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Single-gender peer-reviewed studies on alcohol consumption published between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2023 were identified by searching Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and CINAHL. Descriptive statistics and comparisons to Global Burden of Disease [GBD] estimates are presented to understand whether the studies’ gendered focus were proportionate to the distribution of alcohol-related harms. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022359103).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 11,235 studies were identified, with 1,267 studies included. Despite consuming more alcohol and experiencing more harms, only 44% (n=554) of single gender studies were on men. One in three studies on men were from medical disciplines, whereas studies on women were more likely to come from psychology, public health or sociology disciplines. In several countries, including Australia, the disparity in the number of studies on women compared with GBD estimates of harms from alcohol consumption were particularly pronounced.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The majority of single-gender studies on alcohol consumption in the last decade focused on women. There has been strong focus on men's health (medical focus), and on women's behaviour (psychology, public health and sociology focus). Researchers’ choices around study foci can differentially shape public discourse, policies and clinical practice, with important implications for gender equity and treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the evidence and the politics: Implementation trial of supervised injectable opioid treatment (SIOT) in Australia","authors":"Alison Ritter ,&nbsp;James Bell ,&nbsp;John Strang ,&nbsp;Nadine Ezard ,&nbsp;Craig Rodgers ,&nbsp;Vendula Belackova ,&nbsp;Marianne Jauncey ,&nbsp;Krista J. Siefried ,&nbsp;Darren M. Roberts ,&nbsp;Wim van den Brink ,&nbsp;Nicholas Lintzeris ,&nbsp;Adrian Dunlop ,&nbsp;Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes ,&nbsp;Carla Treloar","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supervised Injectable Opioid Treatment (SIOT) targets people experiencing opioid dependence who have not benefited from existing treatments. In this population, SIOT has been demonstrated to be efficacious and effective, yet this modality of treatment has only been taken up in a few countries. In this commentary we describe the socio-political context and history to the recent establishment of an implementation trial of injectable hydromorphone in Sydney, Australia. These factors influenced choices about the trial design, including integration of SIOT within an existing opioid agonist treatment program, time-limited treatment, and an assessment of feasibility, acceptability, safety and cost. While all new drug policy initiatives occur within a specific socio-political and historical context, we hope this commentary provides reflections for other places considering the introduction of SIOT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug treatment and support service utilization amidst the COVID-19 pandemic among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: An interrupted time-series analysis, 2015–2022","authors":"Eshan U. Patel ,&nbsp;Jacqueline E. Rudolph ,&nbsp;Kenneth A. Feder ,&nbsp;Xianming Zhu ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Astemborski ,&nbsp;Bryan Lau ,&nbsp;Gregory D. Kirk ,&nbsp;Shruti H. Mehta ,&nbsp;Becky L. Genberg","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic prompted many structural and social changes including adaptations to drug treatment policies and provision (e.g., take-home methadone flexibilities and telehealth services), but their collective impact on drug treatment use among people who inject drugs in the US remains unclear. This study characterized trends in drug treatment and support service utilization before and during the pandemic among current and former people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted using longitudinal survey data collected between December 2015 and November 2022 among 780 participants in the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study—a community-based cohort of adults who have injected drugs in Baltimore (<em>n</em> = 7036 semi-annual person-visits). Average marginal changes in service utilization were estimated following logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At participants’ first pre-pandemic visit, 46.8 % attended group counseling/support group services, 13.5 % were prescribed buprenorphine, and 38.8% were prescribed methadone. After the onset of the pandemic, there was an immediate reduction in attending group services (−13.4 % [95%CI = −17.8 %, −8.9 %]) and a change in the trajectory of attendance (difference in quarterly percentage point change [QPPC] comparing before vs. during the pandemic = −0.9 % [95 %CI = −1.6 %, −0.1 %]). In contrast, there was a small immediate increase in buprenorphine use (2.3 % [95 %CI = 0.1 %, 4.6 %]) and no change in its trajectory (QPPC difference = −0.1 % [95 %CI = −0.6 %, 0.3 %]) after the pandemic's onset. A declining trajectory in methadone use before the pandemic accelerated during the pandemic, but this change was not statistically significant (QPPC difference = −0.5 % [95 %CI = −1.2 %, 0.2 %]). When prescribed buprenorphine/methadone during the pandemic, 28.8 % reported engagement in telehealth services (50.0 % for buprenorphine; 16.7 % for methadone).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There were pandemic-related disruptions in group-based support service utilization. Meanwhile, service adaptations may have blunted the pandemic's impact on buprenorphine and methadone treatment, suggesting adaptive systems have the potential to optimize treatment delivery. Nonetheless, the observed declines in methadone treatment uptake warrant investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}