Megan A. Sumeracki, Cynthia L. Nebel, Althea N. Kaminske, Carolina E. Kuepper-Tetzel
{"title":"Turning Roadblocks into Speed Bumps: A Call for Implementation Reform in Science Communication About Retrieval Practice","authors":"Megan A. Sumeracki, Cynthia L. Nebel, Althea N. Kaminske, Carolina E. Kuepper-Tetzel","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09854-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09854-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The science of learning literature is filled with recommendations for strategies educators can use to increase effective and efficient learning. However, some believe that implementation has not been as robust as many have hoped. We believe more effective science communication is needed to increase the overall impact of science of learning research in education, but more data on the most effective ways to accomplish this are needed. Our efforts to increase science communication with educators have included workshops, and from our experiences three concerns regarding the implementation of retrieval practice in particular seem to consistently arise during our workshop conversations with educators. These concerns include the time or workload associated with planning, enacting, and evaluating retrieval practice activities, that retrieval practice might be only useful for learning basic knowledge, and that retrieval practice might cause test anxiety among students. While these concerns could be considered roadblocks to implementation efforts, we have viewed them as speed bumps, opportunities to slow down and discuss some of the nuances of retrieval practice research that can serve to address the concerns. In this commentary, we describe the ways we have attempted to leverage existing literature to address these concerns so far. Importantly, we call for formal research investigating implementation reform of retrieval practice. For science of learning research to have a greater impact on education, the field must systematically identify the concerns of educators in applying the research, and systematically evaluate effective ways to communicate the science to overcome these concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of a Learning Theory: In Praise of Scientific Speculation","authors":"Patricia A. Alexander, P. Karen Murphy","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09865-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09865-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2006, after receiving the Division 15 Career Award, Alexander delivered a keynote address entitled “Evolution of a Learning Theory: A Case Study.” This presentation was a clarion call for greater respect for and attention to scientific speculation in educational psychology as a critical component in theory building. To build her case, Alexander drew on the writings of a provocative cosmologist, Joao Magueijo (2003), as an analogy to the processes and experiences that led to the Model of Domain Learning (1997, 2003)—her theory of academic development. Within the published text of her presentation, Alexander outlined the confluence of factors that instigate or inhibit scientific speculation and the conditions that transform such speculation into empirically supported theories. For this topical collection, the premises, factors, and conditions touched on in that keynote delivered 16 years ago will be revisited and re-examined in light of contemporary practices and prevailing orientations in educational psychology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven C. Pan, J. Dunlosky, Kate M. Xu, Kim Ouwehand
{"title":"Emerging and Future Directions in Test-Enhanced Learning Research","authors":"Steven C. Pan, J. Dunlosky, Kate M. Xu, Kim Ouwehand","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09857-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09857-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven C. Pan, J. Dunlosky, Kate M. Xu, Kim Ouwehand
{"title":"Emerging and Future Directions in Test-Enhanced Learning Research","authors":"Steven C. Pan, J. Dunlosky, Kate M. Xu, Kim Ouwehand","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09857-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09857-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening Smarter, Not Harder: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Screening Algorithms and Heuristic Stopping Criteria for Systematic Reviews in Educational Research","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09862-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09862-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are crucial for advancing research, yet they are time-consuming and resource-demanding. Although machine learning and natural language processing algorithms may reduce this time and these resources, their performance has not been tested in education and educational psychology, and there is a lack of clear information on when researchers should stop the reviewing process. In this study, we conducted a retrospective screening simulation using 27 systematic reviews in education and educational psychology. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and estimated time savings of several learning algorithms and heuristic stopping criteria. The results showed, on average, a 58% (<em>SD</em> = 19%) reduction in the screening workload of irrelevant records when using learning algorithms for abstract screening and an estimated time savings of 1.66 days (<em>SD</em> = 1.80). The learning algorithm random forests with sentence bidirectional encoder representations from transformers outperformed other algorithms. This finding emphasizes the importance of incorporating semantic and contextual information during feature extraction and modeling in the screening process. Furthermore, we found that 95% of all relevant abstracts within a given dataset can be retrieved using heuristic stopping rules. Specifically, an approach that stops the screening process after classifying 20% of records and consecutively classifying 5% of irrelevant papers yielded the most significant gains in terms of specificity (<em>M</em> = 42%, <em>SD</em> = 28%). However, the performance of the heuristic stopping criteria depended on the learning algorithm used and the length and proportion of relevant papers in an abstract collection. Our study provides empirical evidence on the performance of machine learning screening algorithms for abstract screening in systematic reviews in education and educational psychology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Computational Model of School Achievement","authors":"Brendan A. Schuetze","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09853-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09853-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The computational model of school achievement represents a novel approach to theorizing school achievement, conceptualizing educational interventions as modifications to students’ learning curves. By modeling the process and products of educational achievement simultaneously, this tool addresses several unresolved questions in educational psychology through computational modeling. For example, prior research has highlighted perplexing inconsistencies in the relationship between time spent on task and academic achievement. The present simulation reveals that even under the assumption that time-on-task always positively contributes to achievement, the correlations between time-on-task and achievement can vary substantially across different contexts and, in some cases, may even be negative. Analysis of the correlation between prior knowledge and knowledge gains uncovers similar patterns. The computational model of school achievement presents a framework, bolstered through simulation, enabling researchers to formalize their assumptions, address ongoing debates, and design tailored interventions that consider both the school environment and individual student contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Evans, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Philip Parker, Andrew Kingsford-Smith, Sijing Zhou
{"title":"Correction: Cognitive Load Theory and Its Relationships with Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective","authors":"Paul Evans, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Philip Parker, Andrew Kingsford-Smith, Sijing Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09863-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09863-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139695950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comments on Integration, Theory Conflicts, and Practical Implementations: Some Contrarian Ideas for Consideration","authors":"Richard M. Ryan","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09858-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09858-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ideal of theoretical integration in motivational approaches to education is worthy, but in this commentary, I raise some (semi)contrarian concerns about both the meaning of theoretical integration and how that occurs. Integration is more than an aggregation or combination of measures but rather involves synthesis into a framework with theoretic and meta-theoretic integrity. Across disciplines and fields of inquiry, the development of science largely happens within theories and at their boundaries. Integration in practice (e.g., interventions) raises different issues, mainly concerning the coordination of elements that may address different classroom issues, and therefore can stem from multiple models and theories. I also describe the common direction and progress of motivational psychology over the past several decades, albeit with some “jingle –jangle” trends muddying our conceptual waters. Yet contrary to the view that it is our multiple perspectives that confuse teachers, I argue that confusion more centrally lies in the wide gap between our generally student-centered theories and public policies and institutional norms that hinder their implementation and their integration into practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139695960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multilevel Meta-analysis of Language Mindsets and Language Learning Outcomes in Second Language Acquisition Research","authors":"Majid Elahi Shirvan, Esmaeel Saeedy Robat, Abdullah Alamer, Nigel Mantou Lou, Elyas Barabadi","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09849-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09849-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Second language (L2) learners’ beliefs about the nature of language learning, specifically language mindsets, is a recent productive line of L2 research. Researchers argue that language mindsets are key factors for language learning success. However, the association between language mindsets and different language learning outcomes is inconsistent in the literature, and its overall effect remains unclear. The copious body of quantitative research instigates the need for a synthetic approach to capture an overall view of how language mindsets relate to several outcome variables (e.g., general language achievement, grammar, pragmatics, reading, speaking, and writing). Thus, the present study used multilevel meta-analysis to examine the overall effectiveness of the association between language mindsets and language learning outcomes and to examine to what extent this overall effectiveness might vary as a function of some moderators (i.e., age, proficiency level, and learning context). Through a systematic search and screening, we identified a total of 22 studies and 50 effect sizes (<i>n</i> = 17,622 participants) on the correlation between language mindsets and different learning outcomes. The weighted average correlation between fixed language mindset and the language learning outcomes was found to be significantly negative but weak in size (<i>r</i> = − 0.19). In contrast, the association between the growth language mindset and the learning outcomes was significantly positive but relatively moderate in size (<i>r</i> = 0.26). These associations did not significantly vary as a function of moderating variables. These findings suggest that a higher level of growth language mindsets and a lower level of fixed mindset are important for learners’ success in language learning. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139644184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine C. A. van Nooijen, Bjorn B. de Koning, Wichor M. Bramer, Anna Isahakyan, Maryam Asoodar, Ellen Kok, Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer, Fred Paas
{"title":"A Cognitive Load Theory Approach to Understanding Expert Scaffolding of Visual Problem-Solving Tasks: A Scoping Review","authors":"Christine C. A. van Nooijen, Bjorn B. de Koning, Wichor M. Bramer, Anna Isahakyan, Maryam Asoodar, Ellen Kok, Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer, Fred Paas","doi":"10.1007/s10648-024-09848-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09848-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Visual problem-solving is an essential skill for professionals in various visual domains. Novices in these domains acquire such skills through interactions with experts (e.g., apprenticeships). Experts guide novice visual problem-solving with scaffolding behaviours. However, there is little consensus about the description and classification of scaffolding behaviours in practice, and to our knowledge, no framework connects scaffolding to underlying cognitive mechanisms. Understanding effective scaffolding is particularly relevant to domain-specific expert-novice research regarding visual problem-solving, where in-person scaffolding by an expert is a primary teaching method. Scaffolding regulates the flow of information within the learner’s working memory, thereby reducing cognitive load. By examining scaffolding research from the perspective of cognitive load theory, we aspire to classify scaffolding behaviours as cognitive behaviours of cueing (which involves attention allocation) and chunking (the practice of grouping information, often in conjunction with prior knowledge), into a cohesive and unified framework. In this scoping review, 6533 articles were considered, from which 18 were included. From these 18 articles, 164 excerpts describing expert-novice interaction were examined and categorised based on cognitive strategy (cueing or chunking) and method of expression (verbal or nonverbal). An inductive category (active or passive) was also identified and coded. Most scaffolding behaviours were categorised as active verbal cueing and active verbal chunking. Qualitative patterns in excerpts were collated into 12 findings. Our framework may help to integrate existing and new scaffolding research, form the basis for future expert-novice interaction research, and provide insights into the fine-grained processes that comprise scaffolded visual problem-solving.</p>","PeriodicalId":48344,"journal":{"name":"Educational Psychology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139573863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}