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The effects of residential zoning in U.S. housing markets 住宅分区对美国房地产市场的影响
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103784
Jaehee Song
{"title":"The effects of residential zoning in U.S. housing markets","authors":"Jaehee Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>I construct a new nationwide dataset to measure the stringency of residential zoning in the United States and examine its effects on housing production, prices, and demographic sorting. First, I develop and implement a structural break detection algorithm to infer minimum lot size regulations. The dataset spans over 16,000 local jurisdictions within Core-Based Statistical Areas, capturing both cross-jurisdictional and within-jurisdictional variation in zoning stringency. I find that 18.5 percent of single-family home constructions bunch at the minimum lot size threshold, suggesting that these zoning requirements are binding for a substantial share of single-family development. Second, I estimate the effects of these regulations on housing market outcomes, exploiting variation across nearby zoning districts within municipal border regions. The results show that minimum lot size regulations increase home sizes, sales prices, and rents. Moreover, restrictive zoning disproportionately attracts high-income white homeowners, reinforcing patterns of residential segregation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JUE Insight: Measuring local consumption with payment cards and cell phone pings JUE Insight：通过支付卡和手机ping来衡量本地消费
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103798
Ben Klopack, Fernando Luco
{"title":"JUE Insight: Measuring local consumption with payment cards and cell phone pings","authors":"Ben Klopack,&nbsp;Fernando Luco","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We compare two widely used sources of consumption data: payment card transactions (from credit and debit cards) and cell phone location pings. We find they are positively but imperfectly correlated; payment card usage is higher among higher-income consumers, while cell phone pings only loosely track consumer spending. We develop a methodology that combines both sources to measure local retail spending and show that it closely tracks more aggregated government data. We illustrate its use by quantifying local fiscal multipliers. We show that the impacts of government spending shocks are highly localized, decay spatially, and are heterogeneous across store categories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategies and consequences of local fiscal consolidation: Evidence from Germany 地方财政整顿的策略和后果：来自德国的证据
IF 5.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103792
Melinda Fremerey , Andreas Lichter , Max Löffler
{"title":"Strategies and consequences of local fiscal consolidation: Evidence from Germany","authors":"Melinda Fremerey ,&nbsp;Andreas Lichter ,&nbsp;Max Löffler","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the consequences of a large-scale fiscal consolidation program for German municipalities. Identification relies on a difference-in-differences approach exploiting political discretion in the program’s assignment rule. We find that targeted jurisdictions improved their fiscal balance by EUR<!--> <!-->190 per capita and year net of the program-induced grants. Local consolidation strategies differed significantly by population size, which we rationalize with agglomeration economies. Spending cuts and tax increases had little effect on the local economy. However, we detect declines in population levels and house prices as well as electoral backlash in smaller municipalities that disproportionally increased the property tax and cut spending on local public services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Export slowdown and increasing land supply: Local government’s responses to export shocks in China 出口放缓与土地供应增加：中国地方政府对出口冲击的应对
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103796
Qiuyi Wang , Jing Wu , Shuping Wu
{"title":"Export slowdown and increasing land supply: Local government’s responses to export shocks in China","authors":"Qiuyi Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Shuping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the shift-share (Bartik) instrumental variable to solve the endogeneity problem, this study shows a robust negative effect of export shocks on residential land supply in China during 2008–2022. We attribute this effect to a novel revenue-based fiscal-consolidation measure: Chinese city governments intentionally increase urban-land-supply revenues to hedge against declining tax revenues caused by the export slowdown. The additional land-supply profits can offset approximately 94 % of the tax-revenue losses. This effect is achieved as city governments expand land supply while maintaining stable land prices to generate additional land revenue. However, we find this land-based fiscal-consolidation measure bears unintended costs: it has led to excessive urban expansion, amplified the risk of the housing market, and increased commuting costs. A one-percentage-point drop in export growth correlates with a yearly increase of 124 million USD in commuting costs caused by the land oversupply in China. Further, this measure is becoming less sustainable as its preconditions (abundant developable land and robust demand) become increasingly difficult to meet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 103796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
You can’t sit with us: How locals and tourists compete for amenities in Paris 你不能和我们坐在一起：当地人和游客如何争夺巴黎的便利设施
IF 5.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103773
Vladimir Avetian , Stefan Pauly
{"title":"You can’t sit with us: How locals and tourists compete for amenities in Paris","authors":"Vladimir Avetian ,&nbsp;Stefan Pauly","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tourism in cities fosters social interactions between people from distant cultures within limited space. But how does the influx of tourists affect locals’ satisfaction with amenities? Using data on restaurant reviews, we construct a panel of tourist presence in Paris. Based on two unanticipated drops in tourism – the November 2015 terrorist attack and the COVID-19 pandemic – we show that tourism reduces Parisians’ satisfaction with restaurants. We find that social frictions, including xenophobia towards tourists, drive our results. As tourist numbers declined, explicit complaints about tourists in reviews decreased, while other complaints remained unaffected. Locals are least satisfied with dining among tourists from countries with weak social ties to France. Tourists are not affected by the presence of other tourists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103773"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Did cities increase skills during industrialization? Evidence from rural-urban migration 城市在工业化过程中提高了技能吗？从农村向城市迁移的证据
IF 5.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103772
Jonatan Andersson , Jakob Molinder
{"title":"Did cities increase skills during industrialization? Evidence from rural-urban migration","authors":"Jonatan Andersson ,&nbsp;Jakob Molinder","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of industrialization is typically associated with urbanization and a large urban-rural gap in productivity and skills. To what extent were these disparities driven by the direct impact on occupational attainment of living in an urban area or the result of the positive self-selection of migrants moving to cities? In this paper, we leverage exceptional Swedish longitudinal data that allow us to estimate the impact of rural-urban migration on occupational attainment during Sweden’s industrialization from the 1880s to the 1930s using a staggered treatment difference-in-differences estimator. We attribute roughly half of the urban premium to a direct impact of living in an urban area, whereas the other half is driven by self-selection into cities. A third of the direct impact of residing in cities is explained by a static effect, reflecting the urban advantage, while the rest is the result of a dynamic effect as individuals move into higher-skilled occupations over time in urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tenant rights, eviction, and rent affordability 租户权利，驱逐和租金负担能力
IF 5.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103762
N. Edward Coulson , Thao Le , Victor Ortego-Marti , Lily Shen
{"title":"Tenant rights, eviction, and rent affordability","authors":"N. Edward Coulson ,&nbsp;Thao Le ,&nbsp;Victor Ortego-Marti ,&nbsp;Lily Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use state-level differences in landlord-tenant laws to estimate their impact on rental housing affordability. We construct a Tenant Rights Index (TRI) spanning 1997 to 2016 to assess its effects on eviction rates and rental market outcomes. Increased TRI correlates with higher median rent, higher rent-value ratio, and increased homelessness. To rationalize our findings, we develop a search and matching model of the rental market with free entry of both landlords and tenants, and an endogenous eviction mechanism. In our environment, more stringent eviction regulations reduce evictions and raise the relative demand for housing. However, stricter regulations also lead to higher rents and lower vacancy rates. We calibrate the model to the US rental market to quantitatively assess the mechanism in our model. An increase in eviction costs has a larger impact on the eviction rate and market tightness, with a relatively smaller effect on rents and vacancy rates. Our findings suggest that while stringent regulations may reduce evictions, they could lead to unintended consequences such as inflated house prices and heightened homelessness. Policymakers must carefully balance these potential drawbacks against the goal of tenant protection to avoid exacerbating existing housing affordability challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103762"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tax policy and the heterogeneous costs of homeownership 税收政策和房屋所有权的异质性成本
IF 5.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103750
Kelly C. Bishop , Jakob Dowling , Nicolai V. Kuminoff , Alvin D. Murphy
{"title":"Tax policy and the heterogeneous costs of homeownership","authors":"Kelly C. Bishop ,&nbsp;Jakob Dowling ,&nbsp;Nicolai V. Kuminoff ,&nbsp;Alvin D. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The real economic cost of homeownership depends on an intricate system of taxes and subsides that vary over time and across the United States. We incorporate the key features of this system into a framework for measuring the annual user cost of housing and we use it to document how housing costs and subsidies varied over time, across space, and with household demographics in 2016–2017. Then we examine how the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 subsequently reduced subsidies and increased the relative cost of housing. We report how these changes varied by geography, homeownership, race, income, and voting behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of water filtration on cholera mortality 水过滤对霍乱死亡率的影响
IF 5.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103752
Daniel Knutsson
{"title":"The effect of water filtration on cholera mortality","authors":"Daniel Knutsson","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how water filtration and distribution helped reduce mortality during a cholera outbreak. Using household water contract records and individual mortality data, I analyze the impact of filtered water with an event study approach. The results show that having access to filtered water at home greatly reduced the risk of death. This suggests that water filtration and distribution were key public health measures in lowering mortality from waterborne diseases in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Improvements in urban water systems could have played a major role in the decline of cholera outbreaks and mortality during this period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103752"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why do right to carry laws increase violence? Effects on gun theft and clearance rates 为什么携带权法会增加暴力？对枪支盗窃和清除率的影响
IF 5.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Urban Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2025.103761
John J. Donohue , Samuel V. Cai , Matthew V. Bondy , Philip J. Cook
{"title":"Why do right to carry laws increase violence? Effects on gun theft and clearance rates","authors":"John J. Donohue ,&nbsp;Samuel V. Cai ,&nbsp;Matthew V. Bondy ,&nbsp;Philip J. Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jue.2025.103761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the 1970s most state restrictions on carrying handguns in public have been eased or eliminated. Several of the early impact evaluations of these changes tended to support the belief that laws that facilitated gun carrying by private citizens deterred violent crime (while possibly increasing property crime). But more recent studies of the impacts of right to carry (RTC) laws conclude that the net effect is to increase state-level violent-crime rates relative to more restrictive regimes. This finding implies that the deterrence mechanism is swamped by other mechanisms, but there has been little evidence on which ones are important in practice. Using a novel data set of 217 large cities over 41 years, we confirm that violent crime increases following RTC adoption. We then document two mechanisms that may account for this result, finding a 50 percent increase in gun theft and a 9-18 percent reduction in violent crime clearance rates. Further analysis of city-level heterogeneity in RTC-induced effects is consistent with the hypothesis that gun theft is a likely cause of the RTC-induced increase in violent crime and more tentative evidence points to clearance as a potential driver.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Economics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103761"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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