Third World Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Oceanic diplomacy and foreign-policy making in Tuvalu: a values-based approach","authors":"Jess Marinaccio","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2275675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2275675","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRecently, scholars of the Pacific region have discussed the concept of Oceanic diplomacy. Oceanic diplomacy focuses on diplomatic practices or principles that belong to Pacific cultures and are distinct from but sometimes work in concert with Western diplomatic practices. The goal of exploring Oceanic diplomacy is examining the current value of these practices and principles, whether within a single country, among Pacific nations, or at the global level. Here, I apply Oceanic diplomacy in analysing Tuvalu’s 2020 Foreign Policy: Te Sikulagi (The Horizon). I first examine the main cultural concepts highlighted in Te Sikulagi – falepili (being a good neighbour) and kaitasi (shared ownership) – and how they function within traditional Tuvaluan diplomacy. I next examine how, after the publication of Te Sikulagi, these concepts were earmarked for use in bolstering relations with other Pacific nations as part of Western or ‘conventional’ diplomatic practices (i.e. signing diplomatic relations). Finally, I outline how these concepts are utilised at the global level in Tuvalu’s activism on climate change. To conclude, I discuss not only how Oceanic diplomacy demonstrates the existence of diplomacies outside the Western diplomatic paradigm but also how these culturally distinctive and antecedent diplomacies are increasingly influencing global diplomatic trends.Keywords: Oceanic diplomacyPacific regionTuvaluforeign-policy making2020 Tuvalu foreign policy: Te Sikulagi Disclosure statementThe author reports there are no competing interests to declare.Ethical approvalEthical approval for interviews in this research was provided by Victoria University of Wellington’s Human Ethics Committee (Approval No. 23599). Informed consent was derived via signed informed consent forms.Notes1 Ethical approval for interviews in this research was provided by Victoria University of Wellington’s Human Ethics Committee (Approval No. 23599). Informed consent was derived via signed informed consent forms.2 The other countries are Vietnam, St. Kitts and Nevis, Gabon, the Bahamas, Kosovo, and St. Lucia.Additional informationFundingPart of this work was supported by Victoria University of Wellington under Grants 214491 and 221469.Notes on contributorsJess MarinaccioJess Marinaccio is Assistant Professor of Asian Pacific studies at California State University, Dominguez Hills, and was recently employed in Tuvalu’s Foreign Affairs Department. She received her doctorate in Pacific studies from Victoria University of Wellington and researches Pacific understandings of diplomacy. She has published in The Contemporary Pacific.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"8 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadening the concept of interregionalism: beyond state-centrism and Eurocentrism","authors":"Andréas Litsegård, Frank Mattheis","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2274829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2274829","url":null,"abstract":"An increasingly relevant layer of South–South cooperation (SSC) is the proliferation of interactions between regional organisations, in addition to bilateral cooperation. However, studies on interregionalism often exhibit a Eurocentric bias and a state-centric approach, as they frequently overlook non-state actors in their analyses. This article seeks to expand the conceptualisation of interregionalism into a global phenomenon that is interlinked with regionalism in a reciprocal manner, and that is driven by the mutual impact between different stratifications of interregionalism, involving state as well as non-state actors. Using empirical examples from Latin America, Africa, the Arab World and Europe, the article finds that formal cooperation between regional organisations has a more substantial impact on regionalism, particularly in asymmetric settings. Meanwhile, the emergence of interregional civil society cooperation remains closely tied to the existence of state-driven interregionalism whether as a sponsor or a common adversary.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and national security: Indonesia’s Natuna Island and the South China Sea issue","authors":"Yani Yang, Yizheng Zou","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2270507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2270507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"204 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A crisis of ontological security in foreign policy: Iran and international sanctions in the post–JCPOA era","authors":"Fariborz Arghavani Pirsalami, Arash Moradi, Hosein Alipour","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2267986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2267986","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"22 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indefinite healing: China’s ‘One Country, Two Systems’ formula over Hong Kong from a Daoist–Zhongyi perspective","authors":"Wan-Ping Lin","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2267019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2267019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guns, gender and petroleum: a critical analysis of the underlying dynamics of Timor-Leste’s development trajectory","authors":"Selver B. Sahin, Stepan Verkhovets","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2269111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2269111","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article examines the underlying political economy context of the uneven development outcomes in post-conflict Timor-Leste. We use a modified version of a structural political economy approach that is situated in a Gramscian understanding of the state-society relationship. This approach conceptualises development as a process of historically specific class-based and gender-based contestations over the distribution of resources that result in particular forms of socio-political orders maintained through a combination of institutional and ideological mechanisms of wealth generation. Our analysis of whose interests have been prioritised and marginalised in post-independence Timor-Leste is based on a systematic examination of three major factors: regulation of class relations, organisation of gender relations, and the governance of the petroleum industry. We conclude that despite some important improvements in the formation of formal democratic institutions in Timor-Leste, the processes of the distribution of power and access to resources remain far from being inclusive prioritising a class-based group of male-dominant elites that manipulates institutions to advance their interests and use a hegemonic gender ideology to justify and maintain these existing unequal arrangements in the prevailing socio-political order. Thus, the development outcomes in Timor-Leste are strongly connected to the political-economic processes from a larger historical perspective.Keywords: Timor-Lestestate institutionsresistance movementgender relationspetroleum industry AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to the editors and three anonymous referees of Third World Quarterly for their valuable and constructive comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsSelver B. SahinSelver B. Sahin is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. She is the author of International Intervention and State- Making: How the Exception Became the Norm (Routledge, 2015). Her research is focused on the social dynamics of institutional and governmental outcomes and has been published in Democratisation, Development Policy Review, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Asian Studies Review, Australian Journal of International Affairs, and International Peacekeeping.Stepan VerkhovetsStepan Verkhovets is a PhD student at the Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. He has published his research work on the political economy of institutional and governmental outcomes in the Journal of Contemporary Asia, and Globalizations.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135570161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From financial inclusion to financial health of refugees: urging for a shift in perspective","authors":"Swati Mehta Dhawan, Kim Wilson, Hans-Martin Zademach","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2264780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2264780","url":null,"abstract":"Based on new empirical insights gained in a multi-country project with a particular focus on Jordan as a hotspot of international development in the context of forced displacement, the paper in hand stages the relevance of the concept of financial health vis-à-vis financial inclusion to better support the financial lives of refugees. Financial inclusion of refugees – allowing them to store, borrow, and transfer money, insure against shocks, and pay bills through the formal financial infrastructure of host countries – has become a well-established practice in endeavours of economic integration in protracted displacement. Such access is expected to enable refugees to rebuild their livelihoods and become self-reliant. In other contexts, however, there is increasing acknowledgement that financial services are only a means to an end and not the end itself, resulting in a push for a shift in focus to a more holistic approach. Applying this understanding to the context of forced displacement, our research demonstrates that financial services are only one, and often not the most important, input to improve the self-reliance of refugees. In the absence of supportive conditions, such as access to jobs, identity and long-term certainty, financial inclusion investments can only improve refugees’ financial lives at the margins.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumentalising the army before elections in Turkey","authors":"Huseyin Zengin","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2257146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2257146","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper argues that the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has instrumentalised the Turkish army by conducting military operations in the run-up to elections. Although ending military tutelage has been interpreted in other countries as a sign of the professionalisation of the army, in Turkey it has done the opposite: the civilianisation discourse and civilian hegemony over military institutions have led to the instrumentalisation of the army. I demonstrate that the number of military operations significantly increased in the lead-up to elections, which strongly indicates the extent of instrumentalisation. Previous studies have primarily focused on the army’s praetorian role, neglecting the instrumentalisation process in which the military is engaged. This paper analyses the operational aspect of the army and introduces the concept of instrumentalisation. I contend that the cessation of military tutelage in Turkey has resulted in the securitisation of both society and politics. The failed coup in 2016, the double elections of 2015, and the heightened interest in the defence sector during election periods provide strong grounds for examining the instrumentalisation hypothesis.Keywords: Civil–military relationsAKPterrorismconflictelections AcknowledgementsI thank the anonymous reviewers for the excellent peer-review process. I also acknowledge the immense support of the Institute for Humane Studies.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Additional informationNotes on contributorsHuseyin ZenginHuseyin Zengin is currently Visiting Lecturer at the University of Pittsburgh. His research interests are political violence, civil–military relations, and democratisation. His work has appeared in Democratization, Research & Politics, Studies in Comparative International Development and Mediterranean Politics.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Made in Kyrgyzstan is gold!’ the rise of the informal Kyrgyzstani apparel industry","authors":"Claudia Eggart","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2254242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2254242","url":null,"abstract":"The Kyrgyzstani apparel industry has seen spectacular growth in recent years, despite informal structures, a predatory business environment, and intersecting crises. Contrary to other apparel producers in the Global South, ‘Made in Kyrgyzstan’ (MiK) has emerged from below and independently of multinational corporations or state-funded development initiatives. This article takes an ethnographic approach to examine how apparel producers navigate the challenging national and geopolitical environment in which their businesses are embedded. It does so based on long-term fieldwork, conducted before (2019), during (2020, online), and after (2021) the pandemic at the Dordoi Bazaar in Bishkek, the main distribution platform for locally produced apparel. Based on the ethnographic material, this article questions the meaningfulness of an informality framework in the corrupt context of the Kyrgyzstani state, and instead shifts the focus on attempts to build durable businesses that are capable of dealing with local and global constraints. Doing so, it makes two related points. Firstly, it traces the unique nature of post-Soviet economic transformation in Kyrgyzstan through the peculiar growth of the informal apparel industry. Secondly, it emphasises the relevance of endemic state corruption when studying informal economic practices on the ground.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136155224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between hunger and contagion: digital mediation and advocacy during the COVID-19 emergency in Delhi","authors":"Martin Webb, Aasim Khan, Venkata Ratnadeep Suri, Riad Azam, Farhat Salim","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2257612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2257612","url":null,"abstract":"When COVID-19 struck India in March 2020 the central government announced a nationwide lockdown to slow the spread of the virus. In Delhi, the suspension of normal economic and social life precipitated a crisis of hunger for the thousands who depend on daily wage labour to feed their families. Many of these workers were unable to access the city’s Public Distribution System for subsidised food supplies because they lacked the correct paperwork. In response, the Delhi government implemented an online system, known as E-Coupons, through which those affected could apply for emergency rations. However, this digital system proved complicated to navigate for the marginalised people that it was aimed at. In the east Delhi neighbourhood in which this research took place brokers offering digital connections and online form-filling services proliferated in the crisis, but often provided unreliable or incomplete support to those in need. Recognising the need for digital mediation and support for the marginalised we argue that networks of reliable community advocates are required if welfare bureaucracies are to be digitised through mobile governance projects such as E-Coupons. The human mediation and advocacy, which underpins these schemes should be acknowledged and included in system design.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}