{"title":"Uncovering the sources of gender earnings gaps among teachers: The role of compensation off the salary schedule","authors":"Diana Quintero , Michael Hansen , Nicolas Zerbino","doi":"10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines teacher earnings to provide empirical evidence on the sources and the extent of gender gaps in the teaching profession. Using data from two waves of the National Teacher and Principal Survey, we show that on average male teachers have a small advantage of over $700 in base pay (1.3 % of the sample average) compared to female teachers with similar characteristics and in similar contexts. Men also significantly outearn women, all else equal, on three of four different types of school-based supplemental compensation, raising the adjusted earnings gap to 7.2 % of total school earnings. Teachers’ participation in extra duties and the likelihood of earning compensation for them differ by gender. Male teachers are both more likely to perform extra duties and receive compensation for those activities than female teachers, and the earnings gap increases when schools have a male principal. Our results provide insight into teacher compensation and have implications on practices that could promote more equitable pay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48261,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Education Review","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica L. Arnup , Nicole Black , David W. Johnston
{"title":"Expecting less in hard times: How the state of the economy influences students’ educational expectations","authors":"Jessica L. Arnup , Nicole Black , David W. Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Students’ realistic aspirations about their educational attainment (expectations) are predictive of their efforts, actions, and future outcomes. Limited evidence suggests these expectations are affected by the macroeconomy; however, the direction is ambiguous. We combine seven waves of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data to examine this relationship in 38 OECD countries. Using within-country fixed-effect regressions, we find students have significantly lower educational expectations when GDP growth is low or negative. Assessing the heterogeneity of these relationships, we find that the expectations of students with below-average reading skills or who attend non-metropolitan schools are most strongly affected by the state of the economy. The results also suggest that when GDP growth is weak, students are significantly more likely to complete zero homework and arrive late to school, are less likely to participate in extracurricular academic programs, and expect lower labour market returns to completed education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48261,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Education Review","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suzanne Bellue , Adrien Bouguen , Marc Gurgand , Valerie Munier , André Tricot
{"title":"When Effective teacher training falls short in the classroom: Evidence from an experiment in primary schools","authors":"Suzanne Bellue , Adrien Bouguen , Marc Gurgand , Valerie Munier , André Tricot","doi":"10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although in-service teacher training programs are designed to enhance the performance of several cohorts of students, there is little evidence on the persistence of their effects. We present the two-year results of a randomized study of an intensive in-service teacher training program conducted in France during and after the training program’s implementation. Our results highlight the short-run effectiveness of the training program: it successfully improves students’ performance but only during the implementation year. A detailed analysis of teachers’ outcomes indicates that teachers changed their pedagogical vision and practices but afterward struggled to apply skills to contents not directly covered during training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48261,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Education Review","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 102599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}