Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Thyroid function influences insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Rossella Cannarella ,&nbsp;Marta Marino ,&nbsp;Rosita A. Condorelli ,&nbsp;Aversa Antonio ,&nbsp;Aldo E. Calogero ,&nbsp;Sandro La Vignera","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and basal and bolus fast-acting insulin doses in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT).</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 30 patients with T1DM, CAT, and hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine (LT4), using the Omnipod DASH insulin pump system and flash glucose monitoring (FGM) (FreeStyle Libre 2). Insulin delivery parameters were analyzed in relation to thyroid function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Basal and bolus insulin doses were positively correlated with TSH (r = 0.77, p &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.74 p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated with FT4 (r = −0.75, p &lt; 0.001 and r = −0.82, p &lt; 0.001) and FT3 (r = −0.71, p &lt; 0.001 and r = −0.82, p &lt; 0.001), independently of HbA1c, T1DM duration, and body mass index. Patients with higher TSH and lower FT4 and/or FT3 levels required higher insulin doses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Reduced thyroid function in patients with T1DM and CAT is associated with increased insulin requirements, underscoring the importance of considering thyroid status in individualized insulin therapy. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the cross-sectional design and limited sample size, and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":"Article 103416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147660226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of baseline prediabetes on the relation between lipoprotein (a) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular outcomes: observations from the UK-Biobank","authors":"Sudipta Chattopadhyay ,&nbsp;Jason Sangha ,&nbsp;Thozhukat Sathyapalan","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To explore the effect of prevalent prediabetes (preDM) on relation between lipoprotein (a) Lp(a) and incident diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Subjects without diabetes with available Lp(a) in UK-Biobank database, were divided into Group 1 (HbA1c &lt;5.7%, (39 mmol/mol)), Group 2 (HbA1c 5.7-&lt;6.0% (39-&lt;42 mmol/mol)) and Group 3 (HbA1c ≥ 6.0% (42 mmol/mol)). Incident T2DM and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or coronary revascularisation) during follow up was identified. The unadjusted and adjusted risk of T2DM and MACE between Lp(a) quartiles was estimated in the 3 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>11.9 years follow up; 3.3% subjects developed T2DM. Lp(a) Q2-4 had 7-11% lower risk of T2DM compared to Q1. Adjusted risk of T2DM was lower in Q3 (HR 0.88, 0.80-0.98, p = 0.017) and Q4 (HR 0.82, 0.74-0.91, p &lt; 0.001) only in Group 3. MACE was higher in Q3 and Q4 in whole cohort and Group 1(Q3: HR 1.04, 1.01-1.08, p = 0.025; Q4: HR 1.16, 1.11-1.20, p &lt; 0.0001) but only in Q4 (HR 1.14, 1.07-1.23, p = 0.0002) in Group 2. MACE was similar between quartiles in Group 3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lp(a) is inversely related to T2DM risk only in subjects with severe prediabetes. Direct association between Lp(a) and cardiovascular outcomes is seen only in subjects without prediabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":"Article 103422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of retinal biomarkers in diabetes detection and risk prediction: A systematic scoping review","authors":"Soujanya Kaup ,&nbsp;Sowrabha Bhat ,&nbsp;Erin E. Reardon ,&nbsp;Vijayaraghavan Prathiba ,&nbsp;Ramachandran Rajalakshmi ,&nbsp;Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco ,&nbsp;Ram Jagannathan ,&nbsp;Ranjit Mohan Anjana ,&nbsp;Mohammed K. Ali ,&nbsp;Viswanathan Mohan ,&nbsp;Sudeshna Sil Kar ,&nbsp;Anant Madabhushi ,&nbsp;Mary Beth Weber ,&nbsp;K.M. Venkat Narayan","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This systematic scoping review was conducted to map and synthesize literature on retinal biomarkers associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), including conventional and Artificial Intelligence(AI)-derived features, while considering ethnic/geographic diversity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following PRISMA-ScR statement, seven databases were searched up to January 28, 2026 for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in adults (≥18 years) with or without T2D. Included studies required a normoglycemic comparator and quantitative retinal assessment, with or without AI. Two reviewers independently performed title/abstract screening, full-text review and quality appraisal (using Newcastle Ottawa scale(NOS)/modified NOS); disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction focused on biomarker type, methodology, and population characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Thirty-four studies (27 cross-sectional; 7 longitudinal) were included, mostly evaluating Caucasian/White [n = 18], Asian [n = 15] and Mixed/Latin American [n = 1] populations. Consistent vascular diabetes biomarkers included wider arteriolar and venular calibers. Arteriolar narrowing predicted incident diabetes in longitudinal analyses. Increased vessel tortuosity and altered fractal dimension were frequently observed. Ethnic variation was more pronounced in longitudinal studies; AI-based research was largely confined to China.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Retinal biomarkers show promise for early diabetes detection, but research remains geographically skewed and requires multiethnic validation to ensure clinical impact. These findings provide the biological ground truth necessary for handcrafted feature extraction in the development of interpretative artificial intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":"Article 103405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Effects of GLP-1 agonists on 10-year cardiovascular risk reduction in primary prevention: A 44-week open label prospective study”","authors":"S. Dhanya Dedeepya ,&nbsp;Vaishali Goel ,&nbsp;Nivedita Nikhil Desai","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":"Article 103418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147660227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of the current issue","authors":"Ningjian Wang ,&nbsp;Anoop Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":"Article 103433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating fatty acids and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","authors":"Sara Shojaei-Zarghani ,&nbsp;Zahra Naziri ,&nbsp;Mohammadsadegh Nasr ,&nbsp;Farnaz Rostamian ,&nbsp;Zeinab Mokhtari ,&nbsp;Asma Kazemi","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication. Altered fatty acid (FA) metabolism may contribute to GDM development, yet evidence regarding specific circulating FAs remains inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis compared circulating FA profiles between pregnant women with and without GDM and examined their associations with GDM risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational studies reported circulating FAs in relation to GDM risk. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses explored heterogeneity sources, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessed risk of bias (RoB).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-four studies were included. Meta-analysis of ORs indicated that per one-SD increase, C16:0 was associated with higher GDM odds (OR: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.38). Conversely, very-long-chain saturated FAs (C22:0 and C24:0), specific omega-6 FAs (C18:2, C20:2, and C22:4) were associated with lower odds. SMD analysis revealed significantly lower circulating levels of C22:0, C15:0, and C17:0 in women with GDM. Subgroup analyses identified FA form (e.g., free FAs vs. phospholipids) as a significant heterogeneity source for eight FAs, measurement unit (absolute concentration vs. relative percentage) for three FAs, while RoB, study design, and trimester were sources for limited specific FAs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GDM is associated with distinct circulating FAs patterns. C16:0 is associated with higher odds of GDM, whereas linoleic acid, very-long-chain Saturated FAs, and selected omega-6 FAs were related to lower odds.</div></div><div><h3>Prospero registration code</h3><div>CRD42025649380.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"Article 103398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal obesity (Waist Circumference/Waist Circumference-to-Height Ratio) as a new vital sign in Asian Indians: The most dangerous fat we rarely measure","authors":"Amerta Ghosh ,&nbsp;Anoop Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"Article 103389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive effect of FT3 levels on normal thyroid function in patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease: A cross-sectional analysis of inpatients in China","authors":"Weili Zhong ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Yue ,&nbsp;Chunhuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuying Niu ,&nbsp;Yanli Zhao ,&nbsp;Shangshuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Ying Yu ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evidence for the relationship between free triiodothyronine (FT3) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between FT3 and DKD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From June 2022 to October 2023, <em>3124</em> patients with normal thyroid function and who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were collected continuously and nonselectively in a Chinese hospital. We then used a logistic regression model to explore the relationship between FT3 and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Smooth curve fitting was used to identify the nonlinear relationship between FT3 and the eGFR. Additionally, we also performed a series of subgroup analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjusting for the influence of relevant factors, FT3 and the eGFR were positively correlated (2.34; 0.27, 4.41; P = 0.0267). There was also a nonlinear relationship between FT3 and the eGFR. The inflection points of FT3 were 3.47 pmol/L (P = 0.002) and 5.17 pmol/L (P = 0.012).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When the FT3 concentration is 3.47–5.17 pmol/L, the eGFR is the most stable. This will provide a theoretical basis for prospective studies to clarify whether FT3 will affect the DKD process in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"Article 103400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147523841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training on kidney health in adults with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Olivia Burton ,&nbsp;Andrés Díaz-López ,&nbsp;Felipe Villalobos ,&nbsp;Roser Pedret ,&nbsp;Victoria Arija","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Evidence on the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on kidney function in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains limited. We evaluated the effect of a 9-month structured exercise programme on kidney function in adults with T2D.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this randomized controlled trial conducted in four primary care centres in Catalunya, 136 adults with T2D without kidney disease (aged 41–87 years) were randomized to an intervention group (IG, <em>n</em> = 52) or control group (CG, <em>n</em> = 84). The IG completed two supervised 60-min sessions/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic and resistance exercise; the CG received standard care. The outcomes included changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After 9 months, eGFR increased by 1.8 mL/min/1.73 m² in the IG and decreased by 3.4 mL/min/1.73 m² in the CG (between-group difference: 5.2 mL/min/1.73 m² (95%CI: 0.9–9.5, <em>p</em> = 0.019)). Improvements in eGFR were significantly greater in the IG, particularly among women, those &lt;65, and participants with uncontrolled diabetes (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Urinary albumin changes did not differ between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A structured aerobic and resistance exercise programme improves eGFR in adults with T2D in primary care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"Article 103404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147523844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent evidence on plant-based diets and risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ana Botelho Moreira,&nbsp;Pâmela Gracielle da Fonseca,&nbsp;Simone Cardoso Lisboa Pereira,&nbsp;Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To evaluate whether plant-based dietary patterns are associated with lower odds of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control) published from 2020 to 2024. Eligible studies included adults aged 18 year or older, compared predominantly plant-based dietary patterns with other diets, and reported chronic metabolic outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data on Rayyan®, resolving disagreements by a third and risk of bias was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen studies were included (9 cross-sectional and 8 cohort studies), comprising 456,783 adults from multiple countries. Greater adherence to plant-based diets was associated with lower odds of hypertension (odds ratio 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.92). Borderline protective associations were observed for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.01) and dyslipidemia (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.05). No significant association was found for obesity (odds ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.46).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recent observational evidence suggests that plant-based diets are associated with lower odds of hypertension and may also benefit type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.</div><div>The findings support plant-forward dietary guidance, although better standardized prospective studies are still needed.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div>PROSPERO CRD420251027754.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 3","pages":"Article 103403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}