Journal of the American Planning Association最新文献

{"title":"Can ChatGPT Evaluate Plans?","authors":"Xinyu Fu, Ruoniu Wang, Chaosu Li","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2271893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2271893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"35 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World . Henry Grabar. (2023). Penguin Press. 368 pages. $30 (hardcover)","authors":"Norman Garrick","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2264137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2264137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Subsidized Carshare Programs Enhance Access for Low-Income Travelers?","authors":"Julene Paul, Miriam Pinski, Madeline Brozen, Evelyn Blumenberg","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2268064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2268064","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractProblem, research strategy, and findings Carsharing programs—subscription-based car rentals—allow users to purchase only the automobility that they need. These programs may benefit low-income travelers by increasing access at lower prices than private auto ownership. Most carshare programs, however, disproportionately serve higher-income drivers. To assess carsharing’s potential to address the accessibility needs of disadvantaged households, we interviewed members of BlueLA, an electric carsharing program in central Los Angeles (CA) that offers both subsidized and regular memberships. We found few differences in how travelers with different membership types used BlueLA. They both used the service to complement travel by other modes like public transit and ridehail. In addition, members cited the benefits of gaining car access without the financial burden of car ownership or the unpredictability of ridehail fares. Neighborhood context, including residential density and the availability of non-automobile transportation options, also increased BlueLA’s appeal. However, due to limited and unreliable vehicle availability, most users did not rely on BlueLA for time-sensitive trips. BlueLA both eased and increased access to destinations outside of the commute and complemented public transit for subsidized and regular members.Takeaway for practice Services like BlueLA cannot meet all transportation needs. However, subsidized electric carsharing—particularly targeted to central-city neighborhoods—may address some accessibility needs of low-income households without imposing the burdens of automobile ownership.Keywords: automobile ownershipcarsharinglow-income householdstransportation equity ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank Toole Design Group, the Los Angeles Department of Transportation, Blink Mobility, and Gregory Pierce for their continued partnership in this project. We are also grateful to the interviewees, whose participation made this research possible. JAPA Editor Ann Forsyth and three anonymous referees provided extensive comments and feedback, which greatly improved this article.RESEARCH SUPPORTThe Southern California Association of Governments Future Communities Pilot Program provided funding support for this project.Notes1 It is unclear why these users did not apply for community memberships.2 The use of the term rideshare appears to be a misnomer; the interviewee, instead, was referring to ridehail services.3 Several interviewees mentioned traveling with pets, but this was not an allowed use in the terms of service.4 See note 2.Additional informationNotes on contributorsJulene PaulJULENE PAUL (julene.paul@uta.edu) is an assistant professor of planning at the University of Texas at Arlington.Miriam PinskiMIRIAM PINSKI (miriam@sharedusemobilitycenter.org) is a research analyst for the Shared-Use Mobility Center.Madeline BrozenMADELINE BROZEN (mbrozen@ucla.edu) is deputy director of the Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies in the University of","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Atlases of Our Time <b> <i>Counterpoints: A San Francisco Bay Area Atlas of Displacement &amp; Resistance</i> </b> . The Anti-Eviction Mapping Project. (2021). PM Press. 432 pages. $34.95 (paperback) <b> <i>Trains, Buses, People: An Opinionated Atlas of US and Canadian Transit</i> </b> (2nd Edition). Christof Spieler. (2021). Island Press. 344 pages. $45 (paperback) <b> <i>The Quarantine Atlas: Mapping Global Life under COVID-19</i> </b> . Laura Bliss/A Bloomberg CityLab Project. (2022). …","authors":"Gordon C. C. Douglas","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2264133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2264133","url":null,"abstract":"\"Three Atlases of Our Time.\" Journal of the American Planning Association, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Additional informationNotes on contributorsGordon C. C. DouglasGORDON C. C. DOUGLAS is an associate professor of urban and regional planning at San José State University, where he serves as director of the Institute for Metropolitan Studies. He is the author of The Help-Yourself City: Legitimacy and Inequality in DIY Urbanism (Oxford, 2018), a book that does not contain any maps.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"13 28","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Heart of Toronto: Corporate Power, Civic Activism, and the Remaking of Downtown Yonge Street <b> <i>The Heart of Toronto: Corporate Power, Civic Activism, and the Remaking of Downtown Yonge Street</i> </b> . Daniel Ross. (2022). University of British Columbia Press, 240 pages, CAD32.95 (paperback)","authors":"Karen Chapple","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2264132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2264132","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Heart of Toronto: Corporate Power, Civic Activism, and the Remaking of Downtown Yonge Street.\" Journal of the American Planning Association, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Additional informationNotes on contributorsKaren ChappleKAREN CHAPPLE is director of the School of Cities and professor of geography and planning at the University of Toronto, and professor emerita of city and regional planning at the University of California, Berkeley. Her current research focuses on downtown recovery, urban displacement, and small-scale infill development.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Community Benefits: Developers, Negotiations, and Accountability</i> <b> <i>Community Benefits: Developers, Negotiations, and Accountability</i> </b> . Jovanna Rosen. (2023). University of Pennsylvania Press, 280 pages. $65 (hardcover)","authors":"Joanna Ganning","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2264136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2264136","url":null,"abstract":"\"Community Benefits: Developers, Negotiations, and Accountability.\" Journal of the American Planning Association, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Additional informationNotes on contributorsJoanna GanningJOANNA GANNING is associate dean for faculty affairs in the Levin College of Public Affairs and Education at Cleveland State University. Her research focuses quantitatively on the economic development narratives of contemporary U.S. communities marginalized by location or socioeconomic status, with the goal of enhancing the quality of life for everyone.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necessary Considerations When Framing Urban Heat Resilience as an Infrastructure Issue","authors":"Theodore C. Lim","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2259358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2259358","url":null,"abstract":"Conceptualizing urban heat resilience as an infrastructure problem emphasizes the urgency with which we must adapt to global climate change, but also risks ignoring the continued marginalization that vulnerable populations experience as a result of infrastructure decisions. In this Viewpoint, I use my experience with participatory action research (PAR) in building urban heat resilience to show the ways in which an infrastructure framing presents opportunities, and the ways in which planners a) need to be aware of infrastructure as socio-technical systems and b) recognize spatial networks of social capital to appropriately approach interventions that benefit those most likely to be adversely affected by rising temperatures in cities.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overseeing Infill","authors":"Nicholas J. Marantz, Christopher S. Elmendorf, Youjin B. Kim","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2255580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2255580","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractProblem, research strategy, and findings Several U.S. states with high housing costs have recently adopted laws intended to promote infill development. These new laws expand state agencies’ supervisory responsibilities to ensure that local governments comply with state mandates. Effective administration of these laws will require state agencies to accurately estimate the amount of new housing that might be created and to target review to the jurisdictions that are failing to meet the relevant requirements. Here we present quantitative tools both for prioritizing review of local plans and zoning ordinances and for estimating future housing development. We applied the tools to the implementation of California laws requiring local governments to amend their zoning ordinances to allow accessory dwelling units on parcels zoned for detached single-family housing development. We provide computer code, written in the open-source statistical computing language R, that implements these tools. Although we present off-the-shelf tools, our proposed tools should supplement other regulatory techniques rather than serving as a substitute.Takeaway for practice Requirements for local governments to allow infill development should be accompanied by mandates for data collection. With good data, state agencies can use open-source statistical software to create quantitative measures that can help estimate future housing production and set priorities for reviewing local plans and zoning ordinances.Keywords: housinginfill developmentland use planningregulationzoning Supplemental MaterialSupplemental data for this article can be found on the publisher’s website. Replication code is available at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LNJ5X3Notes1 This follows from two provisions of state law. First, regional housing need is subdivided into different levels of affordability, with “housing for lower income households” defined as housing that is affordable to households earning up to 80% of the area median income (California Government Code, sec. 65584(f), Citation2023; California Health and Safety Code, sec. 50079.5, Citation2023). Such households typically comprise about 40% of the total (see, e.g., California HCD, Citation2020a, Attachment 1; Citation2020b, Attachment 1). Second, the sites through which cities accommodate their “lower income” housing target must be zoned at densities that allow for multifamily housing (California Government Code, sec. 65583.2, Citation2023).2 In 2023, Montana also adopted laws enhancing planning requirements and requiring certain jurisdictions to allow duplexes in areas zoned for single-family development, but these laws do not require state administrative review of local ordinances (State of Montana, Citation2023a, Citation2023b).3 If an Oregon city fails to adopt a compliant, state-certified missing-middle zoning ordinance, it eventually becomes subject to a default state-promulgated missing-middle code (Oregon House Bill 2001, Citation201","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sustainable and Equitable Approach to Financing Multimodal Transportation Alternatives in Metropolitan Areas","authors":"Patrick DeCorla-Souza","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2254288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2254288","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn metro areas in the United States, those who cannot drive have limited access to job opportunities and services located in low-density suburbs that are poorly served by public transit; at the same time, congested metropolitan freeways cause significant travel delays for commuters who have no option but to drive long distances to job sites during peak periods. In this Viewpoint, I present a systemwide approach to financing and fulfilling the transportation needs of those who do not drive while at the same time providing a congestion-free travel choice for those who do. It combines congestion pricing with cash rewards for those who choose to share rides on a network of congestion-free lanes converted from general-use lanes to priced lanes. Net revenues support multimodal travel options including transit, carpooling, and mobility hubs with transportation services to and from trip origins and final destinations, also known as first- and last-mile services. The strategy would allow existing metropolitan freeway networks to be transformed into financially viable, sustainable, and equitable multimodal systems providing high-quality travel choices that could lead to more sustainable urban development patterns.Keywords: cash rewardscongestion pricinghigh-occupancy toll lanessustainable developmenttransportation financing Notes1 The economic rationale for roadway congestion pricing is that drivers impose significant external costs that they do not pay for, such as travel delays imposed on other travelers, as well as environmental costs imposed on society at large. This distorts their choice of travel mode in favor of driving, increasing traffic demand and reducing use of alternatives such as shared travel modes.2 Cash payments would be funded using revenue from tolls paid by those who run out of toll credits.3 Alternatively, the program could give discounted toll rates to low-income drivers.4 New tolls have successfully been imposed on all lanes of existing free bridges, such as the SR 520 bridge in Seattle (USDOT, Citation2015).5 For example, see Atlanta’s existing and planned express lanes network (Georgia Department of Transportation, Citation2021).6 Converting two lanes was found to provide less net operating revenue due to the increase in rewards that would need to be paid out because a larger share of solo drivers would have to be attracted to transit or carpooling to ensure that congestion gets no worse on the free lanes; both the reward per person and the number of persons to be rewarded would increase significantly.7 With less congestion, toll rates would be lower, reducing revenue. However, with lower traffic demand, a smaller share of commuters would need to be attracted to shared travel modes to achieve targeted traffic volumes, reducing the number of commuters to be rewarded as well as the magnitude of the required cash reward per commuter.Additional informationNotes on contributorsPatrick DeCorla-SouzaPATRICK DECORLA-SOUZA (pdecorla","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"University City: History, Race, and Community in the Era of the Innovation District <b>University City: History, Race, and Community in the Era of the Innovation District</b> Laura Wolf-Powers (2022). University of Pennsylvania Press, 204 pages. $39.95 (hardcover)","authors":"Harley Etienne","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2247816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2247816","url":null,"abstract":"\"University City: History, Race, and Community in the Era of the Innovation District.\" Journal of the American Planning Association, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–4 Additional informationNotes on contributorsHarley EtienneHARLEY F. ETIENNE is an associate professor of city and regional planning in the Knowlton School at The Ohio State University.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}