Journal of the American Planning Association最新文献

{"title":"Homelessness Is a Housing Problem: How Structural Factors Explain U.S. Patterns","authors":"B. McCabe","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2023.2174346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2174346","url":null,"abstract":"more appetite for elaborate planning interventions than elsewhere on the continent, he is more optimistic about the prospects of bottom-up change than many, myself included. Regardless, with Remaking the American Dream we now have an important book to guide the work of planning academics and practitioners thinking hard about the future of the silent majority of U.S. neighborhoods. They will need to do so because the environmental, social, and fiscal pressures to release single-family enclaves from their straightjackets in coming years seem sure to intensify.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"254 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning History From the Lions’ Perspective","authors":"T. Oberly, J. Reece","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2124188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2124188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Planning history in the United States is deeply intertwined with Black history. Yet, mainstream planning history narratives center White male planners and either ignore or present Black communities as passive victims. Inspired by the periodization defined by June Manning Thomas, this review provides a counternarrative of dominant planning history by centering Black experiences. This review reframes planning history across five periods: the Progressive era, the Great Migration, public housing after 1937 including World War II housing and postwar urban renewal, the civil rights era, and the 1970s and beyond. The authors suggest an extension of the final period to include mass incarceration and ongoing police violence. Centering Black experiences in planning history highlights the agency, power, and resiliency that Black communities have enacted despite dominant racist planning policies and practices. Takeaway for practice With an understanding of planning history from the perspective of those oppressed by traditional planning, the oppressed will no longer be dismissed as passive victims but will be understood as active players in their lives and communities. Instead, the political, social, psychological, and cultural power dynamics are acknowledged and demonstrate the ongoing determination of an oppressed group to fight for empowerment and joy. This allows for power dynamics to be reimagined for a better future of planning with, for, and by Black communities and any marginalized communities.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"487 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Traffic Studies “Junk Science” That Don’t Belong in Court?","authors":"Kristina M. Currans, Kenneth A. Stahl","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2136735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2136735","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47563798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rents of Whiteness","authors":"Philip M. E. Garboden","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2121308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2121308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this Viewpoint, I develop the concept of the rents of Whiteness as a tool that urban planners can use when evaluating land use issues. The exclusionary power conferred by Whiteness has been leveraged for the economic benefit of privileged communities in myriad ways. This phenomenon can be usefully described as a form of rent-seeking: deriving profits from legal or social exclusion. Planners confront the rents of Whiteness in many forms, including neighborhood exclusion, environmental injustice, and the occupation of tribal lands. Conceptualizing these situations as racial rent-seeking clarifies how benefits captured by White communities are inexorably linked to harms done in non-White communities. I conclude with recommendations for dismantling these rents. For technocratic approaches, planners must not confuse the loss of rents with material harm. In the communicative sphere, planners must redefine communities to include those who have been historically excluded.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"517 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptability of Low-Income Communities in Postdisaster Relocation","authors":"K. Iuchi","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2133781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2133781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44204897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Colonial Hong Kong: Speculative Development and Segregation in the City","authors":"Nick R. Smith","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2133324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2133324","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5, Colburn and Aldern return to the analysis of housing markets at the heart of their argument. They show that the per capita rate of homelessness is higher in cities and counties with lower vacancy rates and higher rents. In Part III, the authors conclude by examining why housing markets vary so widely across regions and what we can do about it. The final chapter introduces a set of tensions at the heart of housing policy. The first tension is between short-term solutions and long-term ones. Although short-term solutions can address the immediate challenges of homelessness, only policies designed to expand the supply of housing, drive down the cost of rent, and provide more widespread rental assistance can bring a long-term resolution to the homelessness crisis. In addition, Colburn and Aldern emphasize the tension between private and public investments in solving this crisis. Though the authors acknowledge a role for the private sector, they note that private investments in housing will never be enough to end homelessness. Only by decommodifying housing for the poorest renters can we meaningfully ease the housing crisis and contribute to a permanent solution. Public investments must be coordinated between federal and local efforts to ensure a sufficient outlay of resources to end homelessness. Ultimately, Homelessness Is a Housing Problem should erase any doubt about the powerful role of housing markets in creating homelessness. Written with straightforward prose and digestible empirical analyses suitable for academic and lay audiences alike, the book will serve as a useful resource for planners seeking to dispel myths about homelessness and zero in on its causes. Alongside a handful of other books about the housing market, including Jenny Schuetz’s Fixer-Upper (2022), Elizabeth Korver-Glenn’s Race Brokers (2021), and Eva Rosen’s The Voucher Promise (2020), Colburn and Aldern’s deepens our understanding about the causes of the housing crisis and the path to resolving it. Ultimately, if homelessness is a housing problem, then the solution lies in improving the housing market.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"255 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Safely or Building Risk?","authors":"M. Hino, T. BenDor, Jordan Branham, N. Kaza, Antonia Sebastian, Shane Sweeney","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2141821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2141821","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49656387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Rises and Housing Stress","authors":"Cloé St-Hilaire, Mikael Brunila, D. Wachsmuth","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2126382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2126382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Tense Is a Plan","authors":"A. Forsyth","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2144700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2144700","url":null,"abstract":"Plans have a complicated relationship to time and thus to verb tense. They are forward looking but have current goals for future circumstances. Such goals typically reflect the contemporary situation when the plan was created, as well as reacting to the history of the place. Plans speak about the future, what people are planning for, but are creatures of the time when they were written. They may also be seen as part of the current regulatory landscape even if they are not themselves laws; rather, they are typically implemented separately by regulations, programs, and policies. This generates a mixture of future orientation, past writing, and current relevance. More than just a copyediting issue, this relationship between plans and time raises deeper issues. Over the past 4 years as JAPA editor, I have read many papers about plans. These have included urban, regional, neighborhood, sector, sustainability, adaptation, mitigation, comprehensive, transportation, housing, scenario, and several other kinds of plans. In JAPA, such plans have often been the subjects of analysis. Authors have unpacked what they have said about specific topics, examining plan text and illustrations to understand debates when they were written and what that means now. Many plans have provided data for evaluations and assessments on topics from sustainability to equity and the arts. Others have been part of the contexts for case studies. This raises the practical question for a journal editor: What tense is a plan? When referring to a plan in an article, is it like a law (current), or a vision (future), or is it a representation of its time (past)? Though tense is to some extent a matter of grammar, it is also a matter of style. For example, JAPA uses American Psychological Association (APA) style, seventh edition. When referring to published studies, APA style favors past tense (Forsyth proposed) or present perfect (others have shown; APA, 2022). Other approaches to style might use more present tense, adding a layer of confusion. Beyond these issues of writing, the tense of the plan also matters in practice in the sense of whether a past plan is still relevant for the future. I remember one of my early research projects talking to local activists fighting a planned urban expansion, which had been slated for some decades (Forsyth, 1997). These activists were quite critical of accepting the plans of the past in the current era. At the same time, they wanted longterm plans to lock in their own vision for the future. These tensions between past, present, and future are common in planning. They are at least in part debates about whether a plan’s time is past or still current and about what that means for the future. Where does that leave the plan in journals such as JAPA? I have come to see that the answer depends on the circumstance. Many articles in JAPA have used plans as data to assess how planning ideas have changed over a period of years. Authors have analyzed plans as pro","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45192669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Views on the Reallocation of Street Space Due to COVID-19","authors":"R. Noland, Evan Iacobucci, Wenwen Zhang","doi":"10.1080/01944363.2022.2058595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2058595","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Many towns and cities have reallocated street space in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was done to allow more social distancing for physical activity and to provide space for restaurants to offer outdoor dining. We used data collected via an online Qualtrics panel of New Jersey residents (n = 1,419) to evaluate how these street closures were viewed. Did people take advantage of the opportunity to dine outside? Was walking more attractive with more space? How did respondents feel about changes in traffic patterns due to the closures? Did people walk more frequently? Results suggested that there was substantial public support for these types of interventions that allowed for more walking and more lively town centers (about 40%–45% of respondents expressed support, and only 35% had negative views; a large share was neutral). Those with negative views believed that street closures increased congestion and that outdoor dining made it more difficult to walk. Takeaway for practice In New Jersey, many towns are considering making COVID-inspired street changes permanent. There is broad support for this, though transportation agencies remain an impediment. We suggest that the current groundswell of support for street changes represents a rare opportunity to implement street design changes that support pedestrians and outdoor activities.","PeriodicalId":48248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Planning Association","volume":"89 1","pages":"93 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47781525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}