Justice Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Recidivism among People Convicted of Gun Offenses: A Call to Better Leverage Reentry Resources to Decrease Gun Violence","authors":"Michael Ostermann, Sadaf Hashimi","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2142649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2142649","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study provides a primary step towards exploring whether rehabilitation efforts informed by the risk, needs, responsivity approach should be leveraged to decrease gun violence. Through the use of competing risks survival analyses, we assess the gun offense recidivism patterns of people released from prison that do (n = 1,158) and do not (n = 9,868) have gun crime conviction histories. We then explore whether gun offense recidivism increases along with actuarially based risk, how gun offense histories impact the odds of receiving community-based programming during the transition from prison to the community, and, in turn, whether programming impacts gun offending recidivism. Findings indicate that people with a history of gun offense convictions are at more than twice the hazard of committing gun offenses than similarly situated people without such histories. Predicted subhazards of recidivism and magnitudes of differences between offense history groups increase substantially as actuarially assessed risk for recidivism increases. However, predicted probabilities of receipt of community-based programming do not significantly differ between the groups with and without gun offense histories, and recidivism hazards did not meaningfully differ between those that do and do not receive community-based programs despite their gun offending histories. The results illuminate a need to expand reentry-based services towards addressing the criminogenic needs of people previously convicted of gun offenses.","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"791 - 812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Threat and Punitive Police Attitudes","authors":"Christopher J. Marier, L. Fridell","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2127842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2127842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Racial Threat Theory posits that punitive attitudes are produced when Whites are alarmed by large or growing Black populations. While research has identified a relationship between Black composition and support from community members for more punitive criminal justice policy, no research has examined whether racial composition influences punitive attitudes among criminal justice personnel—even though they represent a key population that can engage in discrimination. This study advances our understanding of racial threat and police force by examining the relationship between Black population and punitive use-of-force attitudes on the part of police. Using survey and census data for approximately 10,000 police officers in 97 agencies, multilevel analyses reveal that officers report more punitive attitudes in jurisdictions with larger Black populations and that this relationship is concentrated among White police officers. The results provide evidence that racial disparities in police outcomes are at least partly driven by motivational criteria (such as discrimination).","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"859 - 884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46409517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back to Basics: A Critical Examination of the Focal Concerns Framework from the Perspective of Judges","authors":"Jeffery T. Ulmer, E. Silver, Lily Hanrath","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2132274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2132274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric Compassion Collapse, Collateral Consequences, and Reintegration: An Experiment","authors":"Rachel Novick, Kelly M. Socia, Justin T. Pickett","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2119157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2119157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Public opinion is doubly important for reintegration, as it shapes both the policy and the stigma environments that people with criminal records must face. Nowhere are the policy and stigma environments bleaker than for record holders convicted of sex crimes. Drawing on the theory of compassion collapse (or psychic numbing) and using experimental data from a national survey, we examine the effects of informing members of the public about the hardships faced by record holders convicted of sex crimes, and we compare those effects (or the lack thereof) to the effects of victim discourse. We also randomize the information format: aggregate/statistical versus personal narratives. We find that narratives about crime victims’ suffering matter to the public—increasing aversive emotions, support for collateral consequences, and stigmatization—but narratives about record holders’ suffering do not. We conclude by discussing alternative communication strategies that public criminologists may use to garner public support for progressive criminal justice reforms.","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"1475 - 1498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46916771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Internalized Racism One More Piece of the Puzzle in Racial Disparities in Prosecution?","authors":"B. Kutateladze, Lin Liu","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2125048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2125048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although diversifying the criminal justice apparatus may yield more equitable outcomes, empirical tests of how prosecutors’ race affects their decisions are limited. Informed by Internalized Racism Theory (IRT), we hypothesized that Black prosecutors would be most punitive toward Black defendants, followed by Latino/a defendants, and least toward White and Asian defendants. Employing hierarchical logistic modelling, we analyzed data from a large prosecutorial office to examine the extent to which prosecutors’ race is associated with racial disparities in custodial plea offers and charge reductions. We found notable support for our hypotheses. In cases disposed of by Black prosecutors, Black and Latino/defendants are significantly more likely to receive custodial plea offers than are similarly-situated White and Asian defendants. Although the direction of the relationship with charge reductions was in line with our hypotheses, no significant effects were detected.","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"725 - 743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43930678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Moderating Role of Thoughtfully Reflective Decision-Making on the Relationship between Information Security Messages and SMiShing Victimization: An Experiment","authors":"Eden Kamar, C. J. Howell, David Maimon, Tamar Berenblum","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2127845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2127845","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Security messages, as a form of information security awareness training, are designed to encourage individuals to make an informed security decision, reducing their susceptibility to online victimization. To date, no known study has assessed the effectiveness of security messages or whether the effectiveness of these messages varies based on the recipients’ characteristics. Using a randomized controlled trial, this study tests the efficacy of security messages on reducing SMiShing victimization, then assesses whether thoughtfully reflective decision-making (TRDM) moderates the effect of these messages on victimization by launching simulated attacks against participants of the study. Findings reveal that neither security messages nor TRDM directly affect SMiShing victimization. However, security messages effectively prevent victimization when the message recipient has higher TRDM levels. The interaction between TRDM and security messages demonstrates the relevance of criminological theory and the importance of interdisciplinary scholarship in understanding how human behavior influences the effectiveness of cybersecurity practices.","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"837 - 858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Introduction to Special Issue of Justice Quarterly 2022 Public Opinion and Personal Perspectives: Implications for Crime and Justice","authors":"J. Lane","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2127847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2127847","url":null,"abstract":"The goals of this special issue are (1) to publish sound, empirical and analytical public opinion research about crime that (2) provides practical policy or programming implications for decisionmakers and practitioners who work in the field of criminal justice. I believe the collection of articles presented here do an excellent job of meeting these two goals. As you may know, I have spent most of my career working to study reactions to crime, whether it be through evaluations of criminal and juvenile justice practice or examining public attitudes, worries, and/or behaviors related to crime and gangs. I was trained in Social Ecology, which hopes to use interdisciplinary perspectives to examine and impact important community problems, or as the University of California, Irvine now succinctly terms it “science driving solutions” (https://socialecology.uci.edu/). This notion is at the core of the goals for the special issue. Understanding the causes and effects of public attitudes matters because policymakers often argue that public experiences with and opinions about crime necessitate that we do something to curb the crime problem. That is, they periodically but consistently over time have argued that the public is terrorized by crime and often that people therefore necessarily want harsh punishments. For example, a recent resolution introduced in the U.S House of Representatives in the Summer of 2022 used fear of crime as one justification for suggesting a change from the policy focus on gun control to concentrating “on the criminals perpetuating violence, insecurity, and fear across the United States” (“Urging the Development of a Strategy to Counter the Rise of Violent Crime Across the United States,” 2022, p. 4). This effort was despite research evidence that some gun control policies, such as increasing sentences for violent crimes involving guns, prohibiting gun possession for those who commit domestic violence, and limiting concealed carry in public, make a difference (Cook & Donohue, 2017). In other words, the policy focused on blame and public fear to justify the change rather than gun control science. In terms of the public’s feelings and opinions, it is also not clear that policymakers know the complexities of the causes and consequences of fear and public attitudes about crime that they often cite as so relevant. This is despite decades of scholarly research that has produced a wealth of","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"1355 - 1356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44531430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Too Harsh for Me but Not for Thee? Threat Control, Personal Freedom, and Perception of Pandemic Policy","authors":"Kelly M. Socia, R. Stone, W. Palacios, John Cluverius","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2117238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2117238","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Policies implemented to control the COVID-19 (C19) pandemic have faced public resistance. We examined this issue via an experimental vignette study embedded in a May 2020 national (U.S.) survey conducted by YouGov. Specifically, we explore how the public perceived a local policymaker proposing a C19-related isolation policy, based on the policy’s invasiveness or its punitivity. We find that more intrusive and more punitive policies generally resulted in colder feelings towards, and harsher perceptions of, the policymaker. However, our results suggest that the main driver of public sentiment towards the policymaker was the invasiveness of the proposed policy, with the policy's punitivity being less impactful. We discuss these findings in relation to policymaking, policy support and compliance, and tradeoffs between informal/formal controls, and intrusive/punitive policies.","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"80 2","pages":"1592 - 1617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Community Supervision Officer Training Programs on Officer and Client Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"R. Labrecque, J. Viglione, Michael Caudy","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2120062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2120062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traditional forms of community supervision focusing on control and punitive functions have been shown to be ineffective in improving client outcomes. In response, several officer training programs, including the Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS), Effective Practices in Community Supervision (EPICS), and Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Re-arrest (STARR) models, have been developed to better incorporate more rehabilitative-focused strategies into community corrections practices. In this meta-analysis of 25 studies, we assessed the impact of these programs on a variety of officer and client outcomes. Findings revealed that officer training increases the focus of the discussion content and use of core correctional practice skills during interactions with clients. Results also indicated that training in these programs produces reductions in client recidivism, especially among officers who implement core correctional practice skills with greater fidelity. This study supports the continued use of officer training programs and identifies areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"587 - 611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48447539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Romantic Partnerships and Criminal Offending: Examining the Roles of Premarital Cohabitation, Serial Cohabitation, and Gender","authors":"Yi Li, B. Wagner, G. Guo","doi":"10.1080/07418825.2022.2118618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2118618","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the face of growing diversity in marital and cohabiting relationships, the impact of romantic partnerships on criminal desistance may likewise have grown complex. This study investigates how premarital cohabitation and serial cohabitation might influence criminal behavior. We also examine the role of gender in the desistance process. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that married men who cohabited with the spouse before marriage tended to commit more crimes than those who did not, whereas among married women premarital cohabitation was not associated with an increase in crime. In contrast, serial cohabitation’s effect did not vary by gender—male and female serial cohabitors both committed more crimes than one-time cohabitors. We conduct analyses to address selection and the findings are robust. Our work suggests that exploring heterogeneity within changing patterns of marriage and cohabitation is critical to understanding desistance from crime.","PeriodicalId":48233,"journal":{"name":"Justice Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"644 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}