Economic Geography最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Knowledge Strategies: An Analysis of International Investments Using Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA)","authors":"Pengfei Li, H. Bathelt","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1941858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1941858","url":null,"abstract":"abstract Knowledge generation is often viewed as a direct outcome of spatial proximity or other social affinities between firms. In rejecting structural interpretations, this article emphasizes the crucial role of agency in orchestrating knowledge transfer and generation over space. We explore how firms strategically leverage the uneven geography of knowledge in international investments and identify four spatial knowledge strategies according to the direction of knowledge flows and mode of connection: knowledge replicating, scouting, connecting, and integrating. Drawing from a relational perspective, we develop four propositions to investigate how these strategies are configured in specific spatial settings. It is argued that replicating and scouting strategies occur from clusters to nonclusters and from nonclusters to clusters, respectively, while connecting and integrating strategies take place in cluster-to-cluster contexts. Adopting fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), an investigation of forty-nine headquarters-subsidiary linkages between Canada and China substantiates the four knowledge strategies and their spatial configurations, and shows how spatial structure and agency are fundamentally intertwined and influence each other.","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"366 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1941858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43368708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rentier Capitalism: Who Owns the Economy, and Who Pays for It?","authors":"E. Sheppard","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1944095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1944095","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, Anglophone geographic political economy has experienced a renewed interest in long-dormant theories of land rent, alongside a growing interest in intellectual property, resources, financialization, infrastructure, and platform capitalism. If this seems a disparate list, Brett Christophers’s Rentier Capitalism begs to differ. Taking the UK as his case study, with an eye on broader developments, he argues that late neoliberal North Atlantic capitalism is now about assets, not commodities—speculation, not profit making—and that these are all assets. Assets as a concept is conspicuous by its absence from theorizations of the capitalist space economy. Marx rarely uses it, only in reference to money, and Karl Polanyi famously dubbed land and money fictitious commodities. Setting out to challenge such conceptual marginalization, Rentier Capitalism makes important contributions to theory, empirics, and policy. Christophers defines assets as scarce items essential to capitalism; privately owned assets “endow the owner with the capacity to generate future income” (p. xvi): rent, “derived from possession or control of scarce assets under conditions of limited or no competition” (p. xvii). Asset holders are rentiers, making money from owning things not producing them. Landlords and land rent come immediately to mind for geographers; Christophers’s major theoretical contribution is to greatly expand such limited thinking. In successive chapters, extending arguments in his preceding books, he argues that assets include financial instruments, natural resources, intellectual property, platform data, contracts, and infrastructure, as well as land. Contracts, beloved of mainstream economists, seem part and parcel of commodity production and exchange, yet Christophers argues that these are also valuable assets because of the future cash flows they make possible. If we are willing to buy even aspects of his typology, this suggests that economic geographers’ focus on land when theorizing rent needs rethinking. Empirically, Christophers examines the growth of each asset class in the UK, documenting its growth, rentier institutions, how UK neoliberalizing state policy accelerated assetization of the economy by subsidizing rentiers, and its association with widening class inequality. He combines a variety of statistical sources with analysis of tax codes and policy documents, leavened by investigative reporting into key asset-holding firms and individuals. He reveals the UK economy as paradigmatic of rentier capitalism: “dominated by sectors in which rentierism is a significant factor” (p. 17); real estate contributes more than twice as much to the national economy as any other economic sector. Noting how falling economic growth rates and rising inequality accompanied this assetization, the Coda lists four policy interventions to counteract rentier capitalism: antimonopoly regulation, tax policies targeting rents and incentivizing nonrentier activi","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"413 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1944095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46888377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Stories Shape Regional Development: Collective Narratives and High-Technology Entrepreneurship in Waterloo, Canada","authors":"Darius Ornston","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1945435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1945435","url":null,"abstract":"abstract The Waterloo region in Canada has emerged as an unlikely competitor in high-technology markets, challenging theories based on path dependency, population density, anchor firms, and military spending. While theorists and residents attribute the rise of high-technology entrepreneurship to cooperation, evidence of collaboration is sparse. This article resolves this puzzle by explaining how ideas can coordinate action in loosely coupled systems. Dense, cross-cutting civic networks may not have supported task-specific cooperation, but they facilitated the construction and diffusion of collective narratives. Conventionally understood to leverage locational assets, the Waterloo case demonstrates how storytelling can also soften geographic constraints. Success stories inspired entrepreneurs by reconceptualizing what was possible, peer-to-peer mentoring helped firms to navigate local constraints, and external marketing enabled the region to access resources it could not mobilize internally. By documenting the importance of storytelling as a form of collective action, the Waterloo case illuminates a broader array of strategies available to local change agents and smaller regions.","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"390 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1945435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45876062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Commodity and Its Aftermarkets: Products as Unfinished Business","authors":"Andrew Warren, Chrissie Gibson","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1939007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1939007","url":null,"abstract":"abstract Capitalist commodities have a necessary but overlooked accompaniment: aftermarkets. Aftermarkets are conventionally understood as secondary commercial transactions linked to commodity consumption and circulation. Yet for many products with accelerating design complexity, tighter regulation, growing debt financing, safety, and sustainability concerns, the action is in aftermarkets. Following feminist economic geography’s recognition of betweenness and messiness, we theorize commodities and their aftermarkets beyond the production-consumption binary. Three themes emerge. First, purchased commodities are far from finished. Commodification remains ongoing after exchange, with actors tussling over value extraction. Second, beyond transactional conceptions, aftermarkets are the loci of ongoing social relations, especially for products essential to life opportunities. Manufacturers manipulate time horizons, locking consumers into relationships while encouraging subsequent sales and preconfiguring second-hand aftermarkets. Third, commodities are imbricated in multidirectional power geometries, embodying informational, technological, financial, and labor relations that evolve in everyday circulation, use, decay, and waste. We illustrate via automobiles and their aftermarkets, visiting spaces at the production-consumption interface. Cars are increasingly embedded with digital technologies and noninterchangeable components, enabling firms to coordinate aftermarkets, marginalize independent operators, harvest driver information, and predict profits. Meanwhile, car dependencies among vulnerable households are exploited. Inequalities and conflicts unfurl between competing capitalist interests, regulators, and households across the income spectrum. Mediating social relations are predatory finance, calculative designs, data platforms, and technological rents. Commodities, we conclude, are unfinished. Aftermarkets must figure more prominently in economic geography, as important arenas of value creation suffused with uneven social relations.","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"338 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1939007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44043030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding China’s Export Miracle: A Global Value Chain Analysis","authors":"Seamus Grimes","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1959313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1959313","url":null,"abstract":"In Decoding China’s Export Miracle, Xing’s objective is to explain how a developing country like China became a leading exporter of high-technology products to international markets, in the process...","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"521 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1959313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45856200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Handbook of Diverse Economies","authors":"C. Schulz","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1948326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1948326","url":null,"abstract":"This intriguing handbook is based on scholarly cooperation in the Community Economies Research Network (CERN, almost three hundred members) and thus the fruit of a long-standing engagement with the various articulations of alternative economies in many parts of the world. Overall, sixty-eight authors contributed to the fifty-eight chapters, mirroring not only the thematic variegation but also the international multiplicity of today’s diverse economies scholarship, originating from all continents and ranging from university scholars over community activists to different kinds of practitioners. The admitted predominance of Australasian-based contributors appears only natural given that the diverse economies scholarship emanated from J. K. Gibson-Graham’s pioneering work since the end of the 1990s, leading to its current hubs around the coeditors’ home institutions, that is, the Western Sydney University, Australia, and the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. The handbook is clearly structured into seven parts, five of which are topical and two transversal. The latter include a section on methodological perspectives and specific challenges of diverse economies research as well as a similarly intriguing section that clarifies and conceptualizes the notion of subjectivity in more-thancapitalist economic practices. The topical parts take a sectoral though integrative look at possible thematic perspectives on diverse economies: enterprise, labor, transactions, property, finance. All parts start with a framing essay, elegantly synthesizing the conceptual underpinnings of diverse economies research and practice in the given realm. These essays themselves can both be read as stand-alone conceptual papers building on the state of the art and suggesting research agendas, and can be understood as an introduction into the subsequent contributions dealing with subsectors or with regional case studies. The section on labor, for example, is introduced by a compelling deconstruction of waged labor that seeks to “unravel the fullest set of possibilities for how work is constructed” (p. 126). The framing essay is followed by empirical insights into precarious labor in Russia, informal and unpaid labor in UK households, feminist economic activism related to paid and unpaid labor, care work, informal mining labor around Manila, and migrant women’s labor in Ghana. The section also comprises an inspiring chapter on nonhuman labor, that is, the diverse contributions of Earth Others to planetary livelihood, pleading for overcoming a human-focused perspective on nature, and thus making a clear distinction compared to the notion of ecosystem services. Another section of particular interest for economic geographers is the one on the enterprise. The framing essay opens the reader’s eyes for a look beyond the formal corporation and its market transactions, and hence challenges the capitalocentric framings of many strong theories in economic geography research. The essay del","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"411 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1948326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48503748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debt and Austerity: Implications of the Financial Crisis","authors":"Heather Whiteside","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1949280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1949280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"524 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1949280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46475777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographies of Marketization in Higher Education: Branch Campuses as Territorial and Symbolic Fixes","authors":"J. M. Kleibert","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1933937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1933937","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of higher education institutions as active agents of globalization and marketization remains relatively little explored. Economic geographic perspectives are particularly well placed to investigate globalizing higher education as an important economic sector, in addition to its supportive role in the knowledge economy. Drawing on political economic and cultural economic perspectives on marketization and geographic fixes, the study analyzes the motivations and spatial strategies for geographic expansion of universities through the establishment of branch campuses. Based on qualitative interviews with key decision-makers of English universities, I argue that (international) branch campuses enable a range of geographic fixes for higher education institutions: a territorial fix through the geographic expansion and construction of segmented markets and a symbolic fix through the relocation of campuses to places that promise reputational gains. The rapid growth of British branch campuses abroad and domestically (in the global city of London) involve substantial financial and reputational risks and as fixes constitute only temporary stabilizations. The conceptualization of symbolic fixes, in addition to territorial fixes, may enable a more nuanced understanding of the role of space in the construction of segmented, yet relational markets that combines intersecting political economic and cultural economic logics.","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"315 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1933937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48689017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Property, Institutions, and Social Stratification in Africa","authors":"Stefan Ouma","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1985358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1985358","url":null,"abstract":"If I had to recommend one book on the contemporary political economy of Africa, it would be this one. In it, Ghanaian scholar Franklin Obeng-Odoom, probably the most prolific African political econ...","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"98 1","pages":"91 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path Formation and Reformation: Studying the Variegated Consequences of Path Creation for Regional Development","authors":"Moritz Breul, Carolin Hulke, Linus Kalvelage","doi":"10.1080/00130095.2021.1922277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.1922277","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emergence of new regional paths is a key topic in economic geography. While new paths are largely associated with positive regional economic outcomes, little is known about how the formation of a new industry affects other parts of the regional economy. By linking recent conceptual advancements on early path formation and interpath relationships, this article develops a framework for studying how path creation, as a result of diverse resource formation processes, can cause reformation processes of existing industries. The value of the framework is illustrated in a case study on the tourism path formation process in the Zambezi region (Namibia) and its impacts on the agricultural sector. The findings reveal how the path formation has caused new forms of intraregional inequalities as well as novel opportunities for the existing agricultural sector depending on the interpath relationship. Beyond these case study–specific findings, the results emphasize the importance of a broader perspective that goes beyond a single new path and includes nonparticipating regional actors in the analysis. Only in this way can we understand how new path creation translates into regional economic development.","PeriodicalId":48225,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geography","volume":"97 1","pages":"213 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00130095.2021.1922277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45600063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}