{"title":"A pilot trial investigating the effectiveness of online Triple P plus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in addressing parental stress and child behavioural difficulties in a primary care level service.","authors":"Gary Byrne","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a therapist-led, online Level 4 Triple P + ACT behavioural management programme (intervention arm) relative to Level 4 Triple P (treatment as usual arm). The intervention comprised 2 specific ACT sessions and Triple P that aimed to provide additive effects for parents of children with behavioural difficulties in a primary care setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-five parents were randomized to receive either Level 4 Triple P + ACT or standard Triple P.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents randomized to Triple P + ACT did not evidence decreases in parental stress relative to those in the standard Triple P. Both groups demonstrated reductions in terms of daily hassles. Findings favoured standard Triple P in terms of reductions in child behavioural difficulties although there was evidence of differing rates of externalizing diagnoses among the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from this study suggest minimal additive benefit of adding an ACT treatment component to standard Level 4 Triple P for parents of children presenting with behavioural difficulties in a primary care setting in relation to parental stress. The research suggests that standard behavioural management programmes may provide what parents require in primary care. However, ACT components may be effective for certain cohorts of parents who struggle to flexibly adapt behavioural management strategies in helping develop the parent-child relationship. Further research is required to identify which parents may benefit from the addition of ACT treatment components.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"298-314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-criticism and dependency in adolescents with depression: Associations with clinical features and psychological functioning.","authors":"Yushi Bai, Nick Midgley, Patrick Luyten","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The personality dimensions of self-criticism and dependency have been shown to confer vulnerability to depression, and psychopathology more broadly, in adults. However, evidence for the roles of these personality dimensions in young people is weaker, particularly because most studies in this area have been conducted in non-clinical samples. The current study aimed to examine associations among self-criticism, dependency and a wide array of indices of interpersonal and intrapersonal functioning in a large sample of clinically depressed adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study sample consisted of 465 adolescents with clinical depression. Associations among self-criticism, dependency and indices of clinical symptoms and intrapersonal functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety, antisocial behaviour, obsessive-compulsive features, self-harm and suicidality) and interpersonal functioning (i.e., friendship, family functioning and parenting as reported by adolescents) were examined using correlation and multiple regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with findings in adults, self-criticism was more consistently associated with indices of maladaptive functioning than dependency. There was also evidence for gender incongruence effects in that self-criticism in girls and dependency in boys were associated with increased anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study in a large sample of clinically depressed adolescents to demonstrate that the personality dimensions of self-criticism and dependency are associated with clinical features and functioning. The implications of these findings for future research on the role of these personality dimensions in adolescent depression are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"639-655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Kandeğer, Binaz Bozkur, Hasan Ali Güler, Şeyda Nur İspir Çaltıner, H Reyyan Demirel, Yavuz Selvi
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Turkish Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16) and its short form (MDS-5): An item-level examination in adults with ADHD.","authors":"Ali Kandeğer, Binaz Bozkur, Hasan Ali Güler, Şeyda Nur İspir Çaltıner, H Reyyan Demirel, Yavuz Selvi","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16) and its short form (MDS-5), with a particular focus on how the scales function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional psychometric validation study comparing adults with ADHD to typical controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 357 participants (251 with ADHD, 106 controls) completed the MDS-16, MDS-5, and additional measures of ADHD symptoms, excessive mind wandering, dissociation, and anxiety/depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure of the MDS-16 and indicated good model fit for the MDS-5. Internal consistency was excellent for the MDS-16 total scale (α = .93) and good for the MDS-5 (α = .87). Multivariate analyses, controlling for sociodemographic variables and comorbid symptom severity, showed significantly higher MD scores in the ADHD group across total and subscale scores (η<sup>2</sup> = .17 for Impairment, .14 for Kinesthesia, .08 for Yearning, .04 for Music). Item-level analyses showed that Yearning and Music/Kinesthesia items clustered in the moderate-to-lower AUC range, whereas Impairment items clustered at the highest AUC levels. Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations between MD scales and ADHD symptoms, excessive mind wandering, and dissociation (r = .51-.63), while ADHD symptoms and excessive mind wandering showed a markedly stronger association (r = .82).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Turkish MDS-16 and MDS-5 demonstrated good validity and reliability, with Yearning and Music/Kinesthesia subscales capturing more MD-specific features, whereas Impairment showed greater overlap with ADHD. Further research is needed to clarify MD-ADHD overlap and improve diagnostic specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"656-670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasmine Mackay-Palmer, Kiri Owen, Charlotte Winfield, Ben Lorimer, Mel Simmonds-Buckley, Stephen Kellett
{"title":"Acceptability and effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for depression for treatment returners to NHS talking therapies: A pilot evaluation.","authors":"Jasmine Mackay-Palmer, Kiri Owen, Charlotte Winfield, Ben Lorimer, Mel Simmonds-Buckley, Stephen Kellett","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is evidence that over one quarter of patients return to National Health Service (NHS) talking therapies (TT) services, and the needs of these patients are poorly understood and catered for. This project investigated the acceptability and effectiveness of delivering cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for patients with depression returning to a TT service with childhood trauma and associated relational difficulties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-controlled pilot study using TT sessional outcome measures. A 16-session CAT was offered to N = 76 patients who had previously received a high-intensity intervention (mainly cognitive-behavioural therapy; CBT) in the same TT service. Dropout rates, recovery rates and when recovery occurred during the CAT treatment episode were calculated. CAT outcomes were compared against the previous treatment episodes (n = 47) and also benchmarked against the evidence base. Patients were followed up after receiving CAT (n = 16) to assess the durability of change. The number then returning to the TT service after receiving CAT was also tracked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dropout rate for CAT was 16.9% and the reliable recovery rate was 40%. Reliable and/or clinically significant reductions in depression tended to occur during early CAT sessions. At a group level, there were significant reductions in depression during CAT. There was no evidence of relapse at follow-up. The return rate to the service following CAT was 28.94%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAT appears useful to consider in the offer for patients returning to TT services. Clinical trials now need to focus on the treatment return patient group in TT services across the stepped care model.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"568-587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julie-Ann Jordan, Adam Elliott, Faye Hill, Kevin F W Dyer
{"title":"Mental health service users' pre- and post-therapy hospitalization rates: A data linkage study.","authors":"Julie-Ann Jordan, Adam Elliott, Faye Hill, Kevin F W Dyer","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the long-term impact of psychological therapy on physical and mental health hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study design combined case control and data linkage methodologies. Data from 3742 psychological therapies service (PTS) service users and 72,500 matched controls were merged with hospitalizations data in Northern Ireland. Acute hospitalizations were classified and included in the analyses if ICD codes were assigned to the patient's continuous period of stay in a primary or secondary position for: (1) mental health; or (2) physical health conditions linked to mental health (e.g., diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders). The ICD codes were used to indicate if the conditions were present during four periods of interest: 1st and 2nd year pre-referral and 1st and 2nd year post-discharge. The number of days spent in hospital under each code was also computed. Hospitalizations data were sourced from Honest Broker Service.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with matched controls, PTS service users were more likely to have been hospitalized for all mental and physical health conditions examined in the 1st and 2nd years' pre-referral for therapy. PTS clients also had significantly longer durations of stay for overall hospitalizations prior to referral for therapy. However, by 2nd year post-therapy, PTS service users were no more likely to be hospitalized for mental health reasons than matched controls, with no significant differences in duration of stay for overall hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings provide new insight into the potential long-term protective role of psychological therapy in preventing acute mental health hospitalizations 2 years post-discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"625-638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146182806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edel Mc Glanaghy, Catrin Lewis, Jonathan I Bisson, Lewis Blair, Marylene Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias
{"title":"Treatment as usual psychological therapy for complex post-traumatic stress disorder in National Health Services in Scotland.","authors":"Edel Mc Glanaghy, Catrin Lewis, Jonathan I Bisson, Lewis Blair, Marylene Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>With Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a new diagnostic category, there is a diversity of interventions and influences on clinical practice, it is prudent that we gather information about current 'treatment as usual'. This study aims to address this need by describing the current clinical landscape of CPTSD treatments offered in NHS services in Scotland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was distributed via heads of service managers to clinicians working with adults. The survey posed questions about psychological therapy models, professional experience and, for the clinicians' latest 3 discharged cases, the length of therapy and perceived patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine clinicians, most of whom were clinical psychologists, took part and provided data about 139 clinical cases. Twenty-three different therapeutic models were cited by clinicians, with phase-based approaches described by 64% of clinicians. The modal number of sessions was 21-30. Most cases were described as completed, with 28% ending before therapy was completed, and a further 7% dropped out. Of those who completed therapy, 86% were judged to have improved after therapy, with 11% judged to have deteriorated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a wide variety of treatments available for complex PTSD, and innovative interventions and trials are required to support future clinical decision-making about the optimal treatment components and therapy length.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"708-719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147460512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Parker, Louise Waddington, Bethan Shergold, James D Gregory
{"title":"Professionals' and non-professionals' experiences of working with people with Hoarding Disorder: A thematic synthesis.","authors":"Hannah Parker, Louise Waddington, Bethan Shergold, James D Gregory","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Individuals with Hoarding Disorder can encounter a range of professionals and non-professionals during the course of receiving support to manage the accumulation of belongings. This thematic synthesis explored the experiences of professionals and non-professionals working with people with Hoarding Disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PsycInfo, Embase and PubMed databases were searched in October 2023. Published and unpublished studies were included. Search terms covered various helping professions including volunteer support, and qualitative designs, in relation to Hoarding Disorder. This identified 12 studies. All text within the study 'Results' or 'Findings' section was extracted for data synthesis to capture both author interpretations and participant quotations (mixed method studies extracted qualitative data only). Data were coded 'line by line', which led to descriptive themes being created followed by analytical themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes were identified: (1) Relationships are Complex; (2) Possessions are Just the Tip of the Iceberg; (3) Juggling Dilemmas on a Tightrope; and (4) Working with Hoarding is Like a Puzzle to Solve. Twelve subthemes were also identified. These themes described the various challenges involved in working with Hoarding Disorder, including the role of relationships with services and others, comorbidities, such as trauma and executive dysfunction, the ethical dilemmas which are apparent during the work, and the differing perceptions of working with Hoarding Disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This thematic synthesis identifies common challenges involved in working with Hoarding Disorder and offers recommendations as to how professionals and non-professionals can approach their work with this client group.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"315-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145641345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"'The true me': Unravelling the dual narrative of borderline personality disorder and autistic spectrum disorder.","authors":"Robin Iliffe-Lewis, Alison M Bacon","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is growing recognition that some individuals who receive a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are later diagnosed with autism. However, existing literature on this topic remains limited. This study aimed to explore the experiences of individuals diagnosed with BPD prior to autism, how they made sense of these diagnoses, navigated clinical systems and learnt to manage the complex challenges associated with this diagnostic sequence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen (6 male, 6 female, 1 non-binary) adult participants took part in semi-structured interviews exploring their diagnostic journeys. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop a nuanced understanding of their experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three themes were constructed: (1) The Limitations and Challenges of Diagnostic Overshadowing, capturing how participants felt their BPD diagnosis failed to fully explain their difficulties, prompting them to seek further assessment; (2) Stereotyping and Misconceptions, exploring the impact of stigma and stereotyping, both internalized and encountered within clinical settings; and (3) Learning to Cope in a New World, describing how receiving an autism diagnosis enabled participants to reframe past experiences and develop new, often sensory-informed coping strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the need for diagnostic processes that are open, curious and sensitive to overlapping presentations, and attentive to how historic stereotyping may shape clinical decision-making. They also highlight the importance of post-diagnostic support that empowers individuals to understand and adapt to their neurodivergence, fostering growth rather than perpetuating shame.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"689-707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suicide risk assessment confidence scale (SRACS): Development and validation of a new scale.","authors":"Nicola D Airey, Igor Menezes, Zaffer Iqbal","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Clinicians' confidence in suicide risk assessment potentially impacts evaluation quality and patient care, yet, this concept lacks clear definition and reliable measurement. This study developed and validated the Suicide Risk Assessment Confidence Scale (SRACS) to assess clinicians' confidence in suicide risk assessment and determine its underlying structure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The development process included focus groups with 367 clinicians to generate statements, expert panel refinement into scale items, and administration of a 73-item preliminary scale to 375 United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) mental health professionals. Analysis involved exploratory factor analysis, item response theory refinement, and confirmatory factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A four-factor structure: Professional Conduct, Worry, Competence, and Deference was confirmed. Moderate intercorrelations between these dimensions were not reducible to a single factor. The final 46-item SRACS demonstrated good internal consistency across all subscales, with confirmatory analysis supporting the correlated four-factor model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SRACS is psychometrically sound, capturing the multifaceted nature of clinicians' confidence in suicide risk assessment. The distinct yet related dimensions suggest confidence comprises ethical adherence, emotional management, perceived competence, and reliance on others. This tool can identify strengths and gaps in clinicians' confidence, guiding targeted interventions to improve suicide risk assessment practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"337-354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Kerr, Hannah Nicholson, Rhiannon Richards, Ciorsdan Anderson
{"title":"Parents' experiences in accessing services for their autistic children in the United Kingdom: A meta-synthesis.","authors":"John Kerr, Hannah Nicholson, Rhiannon Richards, Ciorsdan Anderson","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parents of autistic children support their children through additional challenges, often experiencing adversity as a result. Such parents report high support needs, yet service provision is often limited. Services often support children through providing various psychological interventions to parents. Quantitative evidence for such interventions is mixed and qualitative evidence is sparse. This review therefore aimed to synthesise the perspectives of UK parents regarding interventions for their autistic child.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The databases Scopus, Embase, Medline, PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science and ASSIA were searched in February 2025. Inclusion criteria constituted qualitative articles published in English from 2004 onwards exploring UK parents' perspectives of interventions aimed at supporting autistic children. Articles were evaluated using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Thematic meta-synthesis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen papers were identified: eight high-quality, one medium-quality, and four low-quality. Interventions were psychoeducational behavioural, communication-based, sensory-related or mental-health based in nature. Themes included change, relationship with help, parents' need to process and solidarity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Facilitators of positive change included learning, empowerment, structure and rigour, while barriers included delivery issues and unhelpful information. Parents reported finding solidarity amongst similar parents helpful. Reflective space was deemed useful in facilitating new understanding of autistic lives. Methodological quality varied, with more reflexive and theoretically grounded research encouraged. Future research should also consider implementing embedding processes into qualitative designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"470-491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}