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The shadow of slavery on industrial innovation: Evidence from the US South 奴隶制对工业创新的影响：来自美国南方的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.003
Yeonha Jung , Chungeun Yoon
{"title":"The shadow of slavery on industrial innovation: Evidence from the US South","authors":"Yeonha Jung ,&nbsp;Chungeun Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The abolition of American slavery was a profound shock to the southern economy, but little is known about its effect on industrial innovation. This study hypothesizes that historical slave concentration was followed by a slowdown in industrial innovation after the Civil War, due to technical change biased toward unskilled labor. Moreover, given the shifts in labor market conditions in the postbellum South, we propose that this relationship became evident after Reconstruction. County-level evidence supports this hypothesis; counties where slavery was more prevalent in 1860 experienced a relative decline in manufacturing patents in the post-Reconstruction period. The role of technical change as a mechanism is supported in two dimensions. First, the reduction in innovation was more pronounced in low-skill industries, which were better suited to unskill-biased technical change. Second, the return to literacy in the industrial sector decreased with the historical prevalence of slavery, a finding that suggests a decline in skill demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 511-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Slavery and collectivism in the postbellum American South 战后美国南方的奴隶制和集体主义
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.006
Yeonha Jung
{"title":"Slavery and collectivism in the postbellum American South","authors":"Yeonha Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deep marks of American slavery extend to cultural traits. This study suggests that historical slave concentration was followed by more collectivist cultures, with this relationship becoming evident after Reconstruction. Our proposed mechanism rests on the interaction between slavery and subsequent institutional changes: historical prevalence of slavery led to a stronger implementation of post-Reconstruction policies aimed at restoring the racial hierarchy, contributing to the reinforcement of group identity and collectivism. County-level evidence supports this hypothesis. Using the share of uncommon names as a proxy for individualism-collectivism, we show that the relationship between slavery and collectivism emerged after Reconstruction. Beyond the temporal coincidence, we present a case study on anti-enticement laws to investigate the institutional mechanism of this cultural shift. The cultural legacy of slavery persists to this day, as evidenced by survey-based outcomes and measures of civic engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 534-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of black economic empowerment on the performance of listed firms in South Africa 黑人经济赋权对南非上市公司绩效的影响
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.004
Matthias Busse , Nina Kupzig , Tim Vogel
{"title":"The impact of black economic empowerment on the performance of listed firms in South Africa","authors":"Matthias Busse ,&nbsp;Nina Kupzig ,&nbsp;Tim Vogel","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is a policy that aims to empower previously disadvantaged individuals and decrease racial economic inequality in South Africa. As the program puts reformation pressure on firms, it might strongly influence firm performance. This article examines how BEE affects turnover, profits, and labour productivity of firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). We use an extensive dataset covering a major share of listed firms between 2004 and 2019. The analysis employs fixed-effects regressions and the system GMM approach to account for endogeneity. Subsample analyses are used to account for heterogeneity in BEE scores. Overall, we find that BEE tends to have a small positive impact on firms’ turnover, a positive but not robust impact on labour productivity, and no impact on profits. Larger JSE-listed firms drive the positive effect on turnover. We conclude that BEE had a slightly positive effect on large JSE firms in the best case but also did not harm JSE firms in the worst case. To increase the benefits of BEE, we propose that the policy should be further adapted to reduce the cost of compliance and focus on areas that enhance structural change in South African companies, like skills development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 373-388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender equality in Asia and Europe during the 20th century: The role of socialism 20世纪亚洲和欧洲的性别平等：社会主义的作用
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.002
Sophia Jung, Jörg Baten
{"title":"Gender equality in Asia and Europe during the 20th century: The role of socialism","authors":"Sophia Jung,&nbsp;Jörg Baten","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whether socialism improved gender equality, or whether the double-burden effect of socialism lowered gender equality, is an unresolved debate. A novel indicator allows to address this question for 88 countries during the 1910s to 1980s period: the adjusted height gap between males and females. Both biological and economic determinants of height gaps need to be considered. The proposed measure is validated through comparisons with relative life expectancies and the Gender Development Index (GDI), demonstrating its utility for tracing gender equality trends. Regression analysis reveals a significant relationship between socialism and improved gender equality within Europe and Asia. The results are confirmed by comparing them to gender equality in education. Robustness checks using staggered Difference-in-Differences methods and instrumental variable estimation suggest a robust and consistently positive relationship between socialism and gender equality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 490-510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding trends in Chinese skill premiums, 2007–2018 了解2007-2018年中国技能溢价的趋势
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.001
Eric A. Hanushek , Yuan Wang , Lei Zhang
{"title":"Understanding trends in Chinese skill premiums, 2007–2018","authors":"Eric A. Hanushek ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dramatic changes in China from expansion of the education system and transformation of the economy allow us to investigate how the market rewards skills. We estimate the evolution of the labor market returns to cognitive skills and to a college degree in China between 2007 and 2018. The return to cognitive skills is virtually constant at 10 % for full-time workers with at least a high school education, whereas the college premium (relative to high school graduation) drops by &gt;20 percentage points. Regional differences in returns highlight the importance of differential demand factors. The returns to college degrees are somewhat higher in economically more developed regions but the declining trend is most pronounced in the most developed region. The return to cognitive skills weakly increases in more developed regions and weakly decreases in less developed regions. Overall returns to cognitive skills are comparable to more-developed OECD countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 584-608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tit-for-tat in antidumping: How did China fight its antidumping wars with its trading partners? 在反倾销问题上针锋相对：中国是如何与贸易伙伴打反倾销战的？
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.002
Wonkyung Lee , Hong Ma , Yuan Xu
{"title":"Tit-for-tat in antidumping: How did China fight its antidumping wars with its trading partners?","authors":"Wonkyung Lee ,&nbsp;Hong Ma ,&nbsp;Yuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing studies have examined the determinants of antidumping measures in different countries. Much less attention has been paid to the role of high-frequency bilateral relations in imposing temporary trade barriers. Using quarterly data on antidumping cases from 1997Q1 to 2020Q4, this paper examines the bilateral relationship between China and its major trading partners in imposing antidumping. A bivariate vector autoregressive methodology is employed and Granger causality tests are carried out. We find that antidumping investigations against China by the US significantly lead to and predict the investigations against the US by China, suggesting that the US is the first mover and China is the follower that retaliates. In contrast, in bilateral relations between China and the European Union, Korea, or Japan, there is no evidence of significant causality in either direction. Furthermore, we find that China retaliates against the US both within and across industries. While China’s retaliatory measures have shown some effectiveness in terminating outstanding US investigations, this is not always the case. However, this tit-for-tat behavior does effectively deter future investigations by the US.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 165-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organizing regulatory structure and local air quality: Evidence from the environmental vertical management reform in China 组织监管结构与地方空气质量：来自中国环境垂直管理改革的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.001
Pei Li , Kaihao Liu , Yi Lu , Lu Peng
{"title":"Organizing regulatory structure and local air quality: Evidence from the environmental vertical management reform in China","authors":"Pei Li ,&nbsp;Kaihao Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Lu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of environmental policies is often compromised by weak enforcement due to conflicts between local and national interests. We examine a novel institutional reform in China that centralizes the management authority of grassroots environmental bureaus to address the issue of local capture. By analyzing the staggered roll-out of this reform, we find that the Air Quality Index significantly decreased by 25.1%. We attribute this improvement to a reduction in the capture of front-line environmental regulators by local interest groups, alignment of interests between local regulators and their upper-level administrators, and increased efforts for environmental protection by local governments in a more independent and impartial regulatory environment. These results highlight the effectiveness of distributing management authority to different administrative levels, as it reshapes the incentives for local environmental regulators, strengthens enforcement efficiency, and facilitates the achievement of policy objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 139-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The making of the Greek fiscal state, 1833-1939 希腊财政国家的形成(1833-1939
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.001
Franciscos Koutentakis
{"title":"The making of the Greek fiscal state, 1833-1939","authors":"Franciscos Koutentakis","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper studies the historical process of fiscal state-building in 19<sup>th</sup> and early 20<sup>th</sup> century Greece. A new public finance dataset, compiled from primary sources, is combined with international databases in a graphical network analysis revealing dynamic interactions between economic (tax revenue, debt payments and GDP per capita) and institutional variables (army and representation). The emphasis is on two particular results closely related to the fiscal capacity literature: The first is that war preparation, captured by the size of the army, had a positive effect on tax revenue. The second is that representation, measured by legislative constraints to executive, was detrimental for tax revenue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 243-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The cultural origins of family firms 家族企业的文化起源
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.003
Jian Xie , Song Yuan
{"title":"The cultural origins of family firms","authors":"Jian Xie ,&nbsp;Song Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What determines the prevalence of family firms? In this project, we investigate the role of historical family culture in the spatial distribution of family firms. Using detailed firm-level data from China, we find that there is a larger share of family firms in regions with a stronger historical family culture, as measured by genealogy density. The results are further confirmed by an instrumental variables approach and a matching approach. Examining mechanisms, we find that entrepreneurs in regions with a stronger historical family culture: (i) tend to have family members engage more in firms; (ii) are more likely to raise initial capital from family members; (iii) are more willing to pass on the firms to their children. Historical family culture predicts better firm performance partly due to a lower leverage ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foreign-assisted infrastructure and local employment: Evidence from China's aid to Africa 外国援助的基础设施与当地就业：来自中国对非洲援助的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.11.003
Jiafu An , Shiqi Guo , Haicheng Jiang
{"title":"Foreign-assisted infrastructure and local employment: Evidence from China's aid to Africa","authors":"Jiafu An ,&nbsp;Shiqi Guo ,&nbsp;Haicheng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of Chinese infrastructure aid on local employment across ten African countries, surveying over 500,000 individuals from 2000 to 2014. Utilizing variations in proximity to aid projects and the timing of project construction relative to local surveys reveals that Chinese aid increases local employment by two percentage points in areas near project sites compared to those awaiting project commencement, contrasting with regions without such aid. Employment rises with the onset of construction, primarily benefiting individuals with lower educational attainment, and persists post-completion, sustained by the migration and employment of skilled workers. Various infrastructure projects temporarily boost local employment, with long-term benefits particularly pronounced for projects in education, healthcare, and water and power utilities. Cross-sectoral and spatial spillover effects are also identified, with results remaining robust after accounting for additional local development factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 1","pages":"Pages 118-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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