Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Patient reported tools for assessing potential medicine-related symptoms: A systematic review","authors":"Abebe Basazn Mekuria ,&nbsp;Henok Getachew Tegegn ,&nbsp;Andre Q. Andrade ,&nbsp;Renly Lim ,&nbsp;Debra Rowett ,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Roughead","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medicine-related symptom assessment tools have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in detecting potential medicine-related symptoms. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the measurement properties of medicine-related symptom assessment tools.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsychInfo, and SCOPUS databases up to March 16, 2024. The primary studies that described either the development or measurement properties of a tool for identifying medicine-related symptoms were included. Screening and data extraction was done independently by two reviewers using Covidence. The methodological risk of bias and assessment results of reported measurement properties were evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on nine unique tools. All included tools had sufficient content validity assessment results. The PHArmacotherapeutical Symptom Evaluation-20 (PHASE-20) had adequate to very good methodological quality internal consistency, construct validity, and reliability. The Patient-Reported Adverse Drug Event Questionnaire also showed adequate methodological quality with sufficient reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity but required over 30 min to complete. The PHASE-proxy exhibited adequate to very good methodological quality, with sufficient results in criterion validity, structural validity, internal consistency, and reliability. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Inquiry into Side-Effects showed sufficient content validity but lacked data on other measurement properties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The majority of the identified tools were tested for one or more measurement properties. Among these tools, PHASE-20 is suitable for assessing medicine-related symptoms in elderly individuals who can participate independently, while PHASE-Proxy is for older adults with dementia or communication disabilities in nursing homes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 193-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conceptual framework for identifying and managing system vulnerabilities for diversion of controlled substances in healthcare","authors":"Maaike deVries ,&nbsp;Linda McGillis Hall ,&nbsp;Katie Dainty ,&nbsp;Mark Fan ,&nbsp;Dorothy Tscheng ,&nbsp;Michael Hamilton ,&nbsp;Patricia Trbovich","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Diversion or theft of controlled substances is a recognized problem affecting healthcare systems globally. The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for identifying and characterizing system factors leading to vulnerabilities for diversion within hospitals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied a qualitative framework method, which involved 1) compiling a list of critical diversion vulnerabilities through observations and proactive risk analyses in the inpatient pharmacy, emergency department and intensive care unit of two Canadian hospitals; 2) coding the vulnerabilities into deductively and inductively derived themes and subthemes; and 3) building a conceptual framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our framework for diversion demonstrates how mitigating downstream diversion outcomes (e.g., harms to patients, healthcare workers, and institutions) requires the redesign of upstream system factors associated with pilfering and forgery processes. We identified 20 subthemes associated with the following five overarching themes of system factors contributing to diversion risk: <em>task</em> (e.g., variation in how work was done or lack of verification), <em>person</em> (e.g., use of insider knowledge or collaboration among staff), <em>tools/technologies</em> (e.g., limitations of electronic systems to identify discrepancies), <em>organization</em> (e.g., cultural/behavioural norms or hospital policies for controlled substance management), and <em>internal environment</em> (e.g., layout of the space).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Diversion Framework is a conceptual model developed for use by practitioners, researchers, and policy makers to identify system factors and analyze medication-use processes that may be vulnerable to diversion. This in turn can inform safeguards to prevent harm to patients, healthcare workers and the institution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 228-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists as independent prescribers in community pharmacy: A scoping review","authors":"Zoubida Mesbahi ,&nbsp;Celia Piquer-Martinez ,&nbsp;Shalom I. Benrimoj ,&nbsp;Fernando Martinez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Noelia Amador-Fernandez ,&nbsp;Maria Jose Zarzuelo ,&nbsp;Sarah Dineen-Griffin ,&nbsp;Victoria Garcia-Cardenas","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There has been a growing interest in granting prescribing rights to pharmacists as a strategy to improve healthcare access. Researchers continue to explore the impact and implementation of pharmacist prescribing. Given the recent international changes in this field, an overview of current territories allowing pharmacist independent prescribing would provide a comprehensive understanding for researchers and policymakers.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This scoping review aims to summarize the countries and specific jurisdictions where pharmacists can prescribe independently in community pharmacy, and map the conditions they can prescribe for, required training, and reimbursement policies.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This scoping review was conducted in October 2024 and has been reported following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were performed in Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane databases, along with grey literature searches using Google.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 88 studies and reports were identified. The countries where pharmacist can prescribe independently include the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Poland, Switzerland, and Denmark. Pharmacists authorized as independent prescribers generally require post-registration training and are authorized to initiate, adapt, renew, or substitute prescriptions. For the payment and reimbursement, this service is publicly funded only in Canada, Denmark, France, and the United Kingdom.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pharmacist prescribing practices vary significantly worldwide, with differences in terminology, legislation, and training requirements. This scoping review provides the necessary information to visualize and conceptualize the current scope of pharmacist independent prescribers, offering a foundation for advancing this practice in new jurisdictions. Further research should address current models in under-studied regions, explore the scope for pharmacists to prescribe for undiagnosed conditions, and analyze payment structures in non-funded jurisdictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 142-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in current pharmacy practice: A scoping review","authors":"Hatzimanolis Jessica ,&nbsp;Riley Britney ,&nbsp;El-Den Sarira ,&nbsp;Aslani Parisa ,&nbsp;Zhou Joe ,&nbsp;Chaar Betty B","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science, has been of growing research interest since its introduction to healthcare disciplines in the 1970s. Research has demonstrated that the application of such technologies has allowed for greater task accuracy and efficiency in medical disciplines such as diagnostics, treatment protocols and clinical decision-making. Application in pharmacy practice is reportedly narrower in scope; with greater emphasis placed on stock management and day-to-day function optimisation than enhancing patient outcomes. Despite this, new studies are underway to explore how AI technologies may be utilised in areas such as pharmacist interventions, medication adherence, and personalised medicine. <em>Objective/s</em>: The aim of this study was to identify current use of AI in measuring performance outcomes in pharmacy practice. <em>Methods</em>: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, IPA (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts), and Web of Science databases for articles published between January 1, 2018 to September 11, 2023, relevant to the aim. The final search strategy included the following terms: (“artificial intelligence”) AND (“pharmacy” OR “pharmacist” OR “pharmaceutical service” OR “pharmacy service”). Reference lists of identified review articles were also screened. <em>Results</em>: The literature search identified 560 studies, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. These studies described the use of AI in pharmacy practice. All seven studies utilised models derived from machine learning AI techniques. AI identification of prescriptions requiring pharmacist intervention was the most frequent (n = 4), followed by screening services (n = 2), and patient-facing mobile applications (n = 1). These results indicated a workflow- and productivity-focused application of AI within current pharmacy practice, with minimal intention for direct patient health outcome improvement. Despite this, the review also revealed AI's potential in data collation and analytics to aid in pharmacist contribution towards the healthcare team and improvement of health outcomes. <em>Conclusions</em>: This scoping review has identified, from the literature available, three main areas of focus, (1) identification and classification of atypical or inappropriate medication orders, (2) improving efficiency of mass screening services, and (3) improving adherence and quality use of medicines. It also identified gaps in AI's current utility within the profession and its potential for day-to-day practice, as our understanding of general AI techniques continues to advance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 134-141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacist-led point-of-care colorectal cancer screening program: Early detection of colorectal cancer in high-risk patients","authors":"Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ,&nbsp;Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ,&nbsp;Moyad Shahwan ,&nbsp;Samer H. Zyoud ,&nbsp;Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is on the rise among the younger population, with an anticipated increase in new cases for individuals aged 20–49 years by 2030. The accessibility of community pharmacists and their strong community connections present unique opportunities to enhance patient engagement in a population-based CRC screening program.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of a community pharmacist-led point-of-care CRC screening program utilizing fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kits to identify CRC prevalence in high-risk individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>Over the course of a 10-month prospective intervention conducted in UAE community pharmacies, we evaluated the impact of a pharmacist-led point-of-care colorectal cancer screening program. Six pharmacies were selected based on their services and capabilities. Eligible participants were those identified during medication reviews as exhibiting colorectal cancer risk factors. Pharmacists provided communication materials, distributed FIT kits, and implemented reminders. Participants collected samples for hemoglobin analysis, which served as an indicator of colorectal bleeding. Collected data encompassed demographics, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics. Pharmacists performed medication reviews and offered recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of four hundred and one recruited int the study. The mean age of study cohort at baseline was 66.6 ± 11.3 years. In our study with 401 participants, 36.4 % had undiagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC). Univariate logistic regression identified older age, a history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as significant factors associated with increased CRC prevalence, while aspirin users exhibited a lower likelihood of CRC. In the multivariate regression model, the history of Type 2 DM and IBD remained significant predictors for heightened CRC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study strengthens the plausibility of cause-and-effect relationships between colorectal cancer and demographic variables using epidemiological evidence. The significant relationships found between prevalence of CRC and age, type 2 diabetes, IBD and aspirin use support the effectiveness of using FIT kits in community pharmacist-led point-of-care CRC screening program to identify high-risk individuals. The finding highlights the significance of improving efforts on colorectal cancer prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review on the use of anticholinergic scales in elderly chronic patients","authors":"Rocío Díaz-Acedo ,&nbsp;Ángela María Villalba-Moreno ,&nbsp;Bernardo Santos-Ramos ,&nbsp;Susana Sánchez-Fidalgo","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The rising prevalence of chronic conditions and polypharmacy in the elderly increases the risk of anticholinergic burden, the cumulative effect of multiple anticholinergic drugs. However, no standard exists for assessing anticholinergic burden in these patients, resulting in various anticholinergic scales with differing methodologies and outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify existing anticholinergic scales that are applicable to elderly chronic patients and to compare their main characteristics, included drugs and anticholinergic potential scores. In addition, we aim to analyse the previous validation of these scales.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science; PROSPERO ID CRD42024505226; October 2023) for studies on anticholinergic scales applicable to elderly patients with chronic conditions. We also examined the validation of these tools in predicting anticholinergic-related adverse outcomes. Inclusion criteria targeted studies on anticholinergic scales for patients aged ≥65 with chronic conditions, excluding those hospitalized or with specific diseases. Quality assessments utilized JBI tools and SQUIRE 2.0 standards.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1399 references, 18 anticholinergic scales development studies were included. Different scales varied in creation methodology, with some based on literature, review of previous scales or experimental data. The included studies are heterogeneous in terms of design and results of their quality analysis. For the second objective, 29 validation studies were considered, with mixed associations found between anticholinergic scales and health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Current anticholinergic scales and validation studies are diverse and show mixed and controversial results, with evidence often coming from retrospective or low-quality studies; indicating the necessity for future research to focus on developing a clinically applicable tool for accurately assessing anticholinergic burden in the elderly with chronic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 117-133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing beyond borders: Navigating challenges and opportunities in cross-border ePrescriptions for enhanced medication access and safety","authors":"Reelika Jõgi ,&nbsp;Johanna Timonen ,&nbsp;Leena Saastamoinen ,&nbsp;Ott Laius ,&nbsp;Daisy Volmer","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The European cross-border electronic prescription (CBeP) was first introduced in Estonia and Finland. The CBeP service is gradually being implemented across Europe, prompting a need for practical studies to assess its benefits and potential shortcomings.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate Estonian and Finnish pharmacists’ experiences with patient identification, personal data protection and safe use of medications with CBeP, as well as main advantages and areas of development of CBeP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey was conducted among Estonian and Finnish pharmacists in Spring 2021. The survey was distributed to 664 community pharmacies (289 Estonian and 375 Finnish pharmacies) where CBePs had been dispensed in 2020. The data were analysed using frequencies and a chi-square test. Answers to open-ended questions were categorized using content analysis and quantifying.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 84 responses from Estonia and 154 responses from Finland were included in the study. Majority of the respondents had never or had rarely encountered problems with identifying the patient with CBeP. Nearly all respondents rated the CBeP system to be safe from the standpoint of personal data protection. Approximately 70 % of the respondents in both countries agreed that it is difficult to counsel the patient with CBeP due to language barrier. More than half of the respondents reported that it is not easy to monitor drug interactions with CBeP. The most often mentioned benefit of CBeP was an improved medication availability and the main problem the CBeP dispensing software rigidity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Estonian and Finnish pharmacists recognize the positive impact of CBeP on medication availability. Variations in providing patient counselling due to language barriers highlight the need for improved communication tools. Addressing concerns about drug interaction monitoring and technical rigidity is essential for seamless cross-border adoption of CBeP in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 178-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting self-care and improving quality of life in cardiovascular disease patients: The role of pharmacist-led interventions in community pharmacies","authors":"Iglecias FM ,&nbsp;Gomez-Guzman M ,&nbsp;Valverde-Merino MI ,&nbsp;Piquer-Martinez C ,&nbsp;Zarzuelo MJ","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacists are underutilized in assisting patients with cardiovascular diseases within pharmacy settings. Monitoring and controlling cardiovascular risks could prevent deaths globally and save public health expenses. The aim of this study is to verify how self-care can impact the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quasi-experimental study lasting 12 months was designed, involving pharmacist intervention. The intervention provided to patients involved personalized guidance tailored to their activation level. This included recommendations for lifestyle changes aimed at improving their quality of life, as assessed using research tools. Key biochemical variables, such as cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk scores, blood pressure, and patient activation, were measured alongside the patients' perceived quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Activation level increased significantly after 12 months (from 2.81 ± 1.02 to 3.25 ± 0.78; p = 0.09), and quality of life by 9.9 points out of 100 (p = 0.02). In terms of total cholesterol levels, a decrease was observed between the beginning and the end of the study of 18.7 mg/dL (p = 0.04) and in diastolic pressure by 21.1 mm Hg (p = 0.02). In addition, there is a protective factor against cholesterol increase in those patients with a high activation level (PAM level above 3; RR = 0.273; 95%CI = 0.104–0.716), and with an improvement in quality of life (β = 0.761; p = 0.011); and a lower diastolic pressure when activation was higher (β = −0.351; p = 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Community pharmacists have an impact on improving self-care behaviors among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Community pharmacists, through their proactive involvement and tailored care approaches, are identified as key agents in chronic disease management, empowering patients towards healthier outcomes in the face of ongoing health challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 172-177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a comprehensive hospital pharmacy service assessment model using principal component analysis","authors":"Shuwei Luan ,&nbsp;Ran Li ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yueping Jin ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The management of pharmacy services within healthcare institutions presents significant challenges, particularly in ensuring the rational use of medications. These challenges include managing complex medication regimens and ensuring patient safety amidst a growing number of drug interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to construct a hospital pharmacy service competence assessment model focused on the promoting the rational use of medications so as to enable hospitals to assess their pharmacy services more accurately and efficiently.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A three-step methodology was employed to identify the indicators for assessing hospital pharmacy service capabilities. First, the Delphi method was used to select the initial indicators. Second, an assessment model was developed through principal component analysis (PCA) by incorporating the selected indicators. Third, this model was applied in a comprehensive field assessment involving our hospital and 194 others throughout the Shanxi province, China.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The screening process identified 10 primary indicators and 53 secondary indicators encompassing key areas such as rational clinical medication management, informatics, infrastructure development, and the expansion of pharmacy services. The resulting hospital pharmacy service competence assessment model was applied to 195 hospitals of varied tiers, with the assigned scores (<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>x</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> = 36.12) employed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and identify areas requiring targeted intervention to optimize pharmacy services in each hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We established a comprehensive assessment model that reflects the competency of hospital pharmacy services from a management perspective. The model integrates the strategic approach of rational medication use, providing robust support for healthcare organizations in assessing pharmacy service capacity and improving the management of rational use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 161-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of aged care home staff and health care professionals on the Psychotropic medicines use in Residents And Culture: Influencing clinical Excellence (PRACTICE) tool ©","authors":"Boyi Chen ,&nbsp;Yun-Hee Jeon ,&nbsp;Timothy F. Chen ,&nbsp;Danijela Gnjidic ,&nbsp;Jane Thompson ,&nbsp;Mouna Sawan","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>High use of psychotropic medications continues to be common in residential aged care homes despite the risk of harm and limited efficacy in people living with dementia. Research has shown that the organizational culture of aged care homes influences psychotropic medication use in residents with dementia. The Psychotropic medicines use in Residents And Culture: Influencing Clinical Excellence (PRACTICE) tool was developed to evaluate the organizational culture of aged care homes specific to the use of psychotropic medications.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the comprehensibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness of the PRACTICE tool among end-users.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Cognitive interviews were conducted with participants representing a broad range of health disciplines across Australia. Interviews were performed using a combination of the think-aloud technique and verbal probing. Interviews were transcribed and content coded for participants' perceptions of the PRACTICE tool. Items were modified based on findings from the cognitive interviews, participants’ suggestions for rewording of items and discussions with the research team.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 20 cognitive interviews were conducted. Based on the cognitive interviews, 48 out of 63 items were modified. Reasons for modification were categorized into three themes: 1) Items changed to align with the aged care home staff's scope of practice; 2) Items adjusted to prevent unintended blame from reading the items; and 3) Items modified to prevent potential misinterpretation of their intended meaning. Three items were added to improve the comprehensiveness of the tool. Most participants reported that they understood the items and considered them as relevant and acceptable for the evaluation of organizational culture and use of psychotropic medication in aged care homes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study confirms that the PRACTICE tool is a comprehensive tool appropriate for the assessment of organizational culture specific to psychotropic medication use and is important for aged care home settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 154-160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}