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What Does a Provider Network Do? Evidence from Random Assignment in Medicaid Managed Care 供应商网络做什么?来自医疗补助管理医疗随机分配的证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210162
Jacob Wallace
{"title":"What Does a Provider Network Do? Evidence from Random Assignment in Medicaid Managed Care","authors":"Jacob Wallace","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210162","url":null,"abstract":"Leveraging the random assignment of over 50,000 Medicaid enrollees in New York, I present causal evidence that narrower networks are a blunt instrument for reducing health care spending. While narrower networks constrain spending, they do so by generating hassle costs that reduce quantity, with modest effects on prices paid to providers. Enrollees assigned to narrower networks use fewer of both needed and unneeded services and are less satisfied with their plans. Using my causal estimates to construct counterfactuals, I identify an alternative assignment policy that reduces spending without harming satisfaction by matching consumers with narrower networks that include their providers. (JEL H51, H75, I13, I18, I38)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135962658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effect of Early Childhood Education on Adult Criminality: Evidence from the 1960s through 1990s 儿童早期教育对成人犯罪的影响:从20世纪60年代到90年代的证据
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200660
J. Anders, Andrew C. Barr, Alexander A. Smith
{"title":"The Effect of Early Childhood Education on Adult Criminality: Evidence from the 1960s through 1990s","authors":"J. Anders, Andrew C. Barr, Alexander A. Smith","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200660","url":null,"abstract":"We compare the effects of early childhood education on adult criminal behavior across time periods, using administrative crime data that provide significant precision advantages over existing work. We find that improvements in early childhood education led to large (20 percent) reductions in later criminal behavior, reductions that far exceed those implied by estimates of test score gains in prior studies. While the benefits generated account for a large portion of the costs of the education provided, we find substantial relative gains from the targeting of funds to high-poverty areas and areas without existing access to subsidized care. (JEL H75, I21, I26, I28, I32, I38, K42)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79990205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Implications of Tax Loss Asymmetry for Owners of S Corporations 税收损失不对称对S公司所有者的影响
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200311
Lucas Goodman, Elena Patel, Molly Saunders-Scott
{"title":"Implications of Tax Loss Asymmetry for Owners of S Corporations","authors":"Lucas Goodman, Elena Patel, Molly Saunders-Scott","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200311","url":null,"abstract":"We study tax loss asymmetry for S corporate owners. These owners use most losses contemporaneously, reducing the tax asymmetry compared to C corporations. However, these owners face distortions due to the progressive individual tax schedule. The value of this asymmetry is approximately $3.5 billion per year. We find that this asymmetry creates disincentives for risky investment and causes allocative inefficiencies among loss and gains owners. Finally, we simulate the effects of certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; we estimate that these provisions—especially section 199A—reduce the behavioral distortions of the asymmetry for S corporate owners. (JEL D22, G32, H25, H32, K34)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136252467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SOEs and Soft Incentive Constraints in State Bank Lending 国有企业与国有银行贷款软激励约束
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200873
Yiming Cao, Raymond J. Fisman, Hui Lin, Yongxiang Wang
{"title":"SOEs and Soft Incentive Constraints in State Bank Lending","authors":"Yiming Cao, Raymond J. Fisman, Hui Lin, Yongxiang Wang","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200873","url":null,"abstract":"We study how Chinese state bank managers’ lending incentives impact lending to state-owned enterprises (SOEs). We show lending quantity increases and quality decreases at month’s end, indicating monthly lending targets that decrease lending standards. Increased quantity comes from both SOEs and private lending, whereas decreased quality is from only SOEs, which continue to receive loans even after prior defaults (particularly at month’s end). We suggest that SOE lending may thus be beneficial for state bank managers, who lend to delinquent state enterprises to meet targets, which in turn may exacerbate SOEs’ soft budget constraints. (JEL G21, G28, L32, O16, P34).","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81388022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Employment Effects of Countercyclical Public Investments 反周期公共投资的就业效应
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20180323
L. Buchheim, M. Watzinger
{"title":"The Employment Effects of Countercyclical Public Investments","authors":"L. Buchheim, M. Watzinger","doi":"10.1257/pol.20180323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the causal impact of a sizable German public investment program on employment at the county level. The program focused on improving the energy efficiency of school buildings, making it possible to use the number of schools as an instrument for investments. It also enforced tight deadlines, reducing potential implementation lags. The program was cost-effective, creating, on average, one job for one year for an investment of €24,000. The employment gains are detectable after nine months and are accompanied by an unemployment reduction amounting to half of the job creation. Employment grew predominately in the directly affected industries. (JEL E24, E32, E62, H54, J23, R23)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"GE-19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84608819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Expanding Access to Clean Water for the Rural Poor: Experimental Evidence from Malawi 扩大农村贫困人口获得清洁水的机会:来自马拉维的实验证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210121
Pascaline Dupas, Basimenye Nhlema, Zachary Wagner, Aaron Wolf, Emily Wroe
{"title":"Expanding Access to Clean Water for the Rural Poor: Experimental Evidence from Malawi","authors":"Pascaline Dupas, Basimenye Nhlema, Zachary Wagner, Aaron Wolf, Emily Wroe","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210121","url":null,"abstract":"Data from an 18-month randomized trial show large and sustained impacts on water purification and child health of a program providing monthly coupons for free water treatment solution to households with young children. The program is more effective and much more cost effective than asking Community Health Workers (CHWs) to distribute free chlorine to households during routine monthly visits. This is because only 40 percent of households use free chlorine, targeting through CHWs is worse than self-targeting through coupon redemption, and water treatment promotion by CHWs does not increase chlorine use among beneficiaries of free chlorine. (JEL I12, I18, J13, O12, O13, Q53)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Housing in Medicaid: Should It Really Change? 医疗补助中的住房:真的应该改变吗?
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200178
Bertrand Achou
{"title":"Housing in Medicaid: Should It Really Change?","authors":"Bertrand Achou","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200178","url":null,"abstract":"Housing is mostly exempted from Medicaid and Supplemental Social Insurance means tests. Reforms of this special treatment have been debated, but little is known about its costs, benefits, and redistributive implications. I estimate a life cycle model of single retirees accounting for this exemption. It shows that the homestead exemption explains important patterns of Medicaid recipiency and that it is highly valued. It also shows that estate recovery could cover most of its costs with possibly limited negative welfare consequences. Finally, the model predicts that removing the homestead exemption or enforcing estate recovery programs would reduce redistribution toward lower-income retirees. (JEL D15, G51, H51, I13, I18, I38, J26)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82156674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Health Effects of Increasing Income for the Elderly: Evidence from a Chilean Pension Program 老年人收入增加对健康的影响:来自智利养老金计划的证据
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200076
Enrico Miglino, Nicolás Navarrete H., Gonzalo Navarrete H., Pablo Navarrete H.
{"title":"Health Effects of Increasing Income for the Elderly: Evidence from a Chilean Pension Program","authors":"Enrico Miglino, Nicolás Navarrete H., Gonzalo Navarrete H., Pablo Navarrete H.","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200076","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the effect of a permanent income increase on the health outcomes of the elderly poor. Our regression discontinuity design exploits an eligibility cutoff in a Chilean basic pension program that grants monthly payments to retirees without a contributory pension. Using administrative data, we find that four years after applying, basic pension recipients are 2.7 percentage points less likely to have died. Survey evidence suggests an increase in food consumption and visits to health centers as relevant drivers of the mortality reduction. (JEL D63, G51, I12, I14, I38, J14, O15)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88951549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Front Matter 前页
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.15.1.i
{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/pol.15.1.i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.15.1.i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136168747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic Effects of Environmental Crises: Evidence from Flint, Michigan 环境危机的经济影响:来自密歇根州弗林特的证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20190391
Gabriel Lade
{"title":"Economic Effects of Environmental Crises: Evidence from Flint, Michigan","authors":"Gabriel Lade","doi":"10.1257/pol.20190391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20190391","url":null,"abstract":"In April 2014 Flint, Michigan switched its drinking water supply from the Detroit water system to the Flint River as a temporary means to save $5 million. Over 18 months it was revealed that the switch exposed residents to dangerous levels of lead, culminating in an emergency declaration in October 2015. This paper examines the impact of this crisis on the Flint housing market. The value of Flint’s housing stock has fallen by $520 million to $559 million despite over $400 million in remediation spending. Home prices remain depressed through August 2019, 16 months after the water was declared safe for consumption. (JEL H12, I12, Q25, Q51, Q53, R31)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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