Child Maltreatment最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Building Trauma Informed School Systems: Training and Practice Uptake as Part of a Systemwide Initiative in an Urban School District. 建立创伤知情学校系统:作为城市学区全系统倡议的一部分的培训和实践吸收。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251410558
Erum Nadeem, Megan Blanton, Anusha Sahay, Olivia Kycia, Christopher Dudek, Karina Heaton, Jade Garcia, Elsie Jimenez, Sean Healy, Candace Coccaro
{"title":"Building Trauma Informed School Systems: Training and Practice Uptake as Part of a Systemwide Initiative in an Urban School District.","authors":"Erum Nadeem, Megan Blanton, Anusha Sahay, Olivia Kycia, Christopher Dudek, Karina Heaton, Jade Garcia, Elsie Jimenez, Sean Healy, Candace Coccaro","doi":"10.1177/10775595251410558","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251410558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study used survey methods to examine initial feasibility and acceptability of a real-world, trauma-informed schools initiative across 15 urban schools and 617 school personnel and classroom teachers. Key indicators included uptake of online asynchronous trauma-informed skills training (TISE) and usage of specific trauma-informed practices by classroom teachers. Approximately 83% of all school personnel completed TISE. Examination of implementation factors revealed organizational health was positively associated with TISE completion, while burnout negatively predicted training completion. Among the subsample of teachers, 76% percent of teachers reported implementing community-building circles, 95% implemented warm and intentional greetings, and 87% implemented mindfulness. For teachers, perceived utility of the practice positively predicted teachers' implementation of all three skills. Access to practice-focused training at their school predicted community circles implementation, and TISE knowledge predicted intentional greeting implementation. Study results highlight the role of organizational culture, practical support, and usable practices in scaling trauma-informed schools initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"220-237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to "Child sexual abuse and boundary violating behaviors in youth serving organizations: National prevalence and distribution by organizational type". “青少年服务机构中的儿童性虐待和越界行为:按组织类型划分的全国流行和分布”的勘误表。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251403474
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Child sexual abuse and boundary violating behaviors in youth serving organizations: National prevalence and distribution by organizational type\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10775595251403474","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251403474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Project IMPACT: Achieving Family Stability for Parents With Intellectual Disabilities. 项目影响:为智障父母实现家庭稳定。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251353809
Wendy Zeitlin, Astraea Augsberger, Trupti Rao
{"title":"Project IMPACT: Achieving Family Stability for Parents With Intellectual Disabilities.","authors":"Wendy Zeitlin, Astraea Augsberger, Trupti Rao","doi":"10.1177/10775595251353809","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251353809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parents with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately represented within child welfare systems in the US. Meanwhile, there is evidence to suggest that this is a sizeable population, and child welfare systems encounter challenges in meeting families' needs. This study examines the potential efficacy of Project IMPACT, an intensive, in-home parent training program designed for parents with intellectual disabilities who have child welfare involvement. The aim of the program is to prevent family separation by improving parenting skills. The sample included 134 families who had participated in Project IMPACT and 355 families from a neighboring state who also had child welfare involvement. All families included a parent with intellectual disabilities. Treatment effects analysis was used to compare parents participating in Project IMPACT with a similar group of untreated parents. Logistic regression was used to identify between-group differences in family separation. Post-hoc analysis explored which families might benefit most from Project IMPACT. Project IMPACT families were 486% more likely to remain intact one year after program completion than untreated families. Effects were strongest for families with the youngest children. Child welfare systems should prioritize the implementation of evidence-informed interventions that tailor services to parents' distinct needs and learning styles. By providing effective preventive interventions, programs such as Project IMPACT can focus on keeping children safe at home while preventing family separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"361-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
More Severe Juror Sexual Abuse Strengthens Empathy for Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Meta-Analyses. 更严重的陪审员性虐待增强了对儿童性虐待受害者的同理心:元分析。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251338541
Tayler M Jones-Cieminski, Margaret Stevenson, Bette L Bottoms
{"title":"More Severe Juror Sexual Abuse Strengthens Empathy for Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Tayler M Jones-Cieminski, Margaret Stevenson, Bette L Bottoms","doi":"10.1177/10775595251338541","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251338541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jones et al. (2020) showed that compared to non-abused others, sexually abused jurors are more likely to empathize with child sexual abuse (CSA) victims, perceive victims as credible, and convict defendants in CSA mock trials. We extend these findings by investigating effects of sexually abused mock jurors' abuse <i>severity</i> on CSA victim empathy and trial judgments. Data were derived from all known mock trial studies measuring mock juror abuse history (<i>N</i> = 7), including 361 undergraduate jurors. Meta-analyses examined effects of four separate abuse-severity indices: (a) emotional scarring from sexual abuse, (b) abuse frequency, (c) perpetrator relationship, and (d) age abuse began. Twenty separate meta-analyses revealed that the more severe mock jurors' victimization was, the more empathy they had for child victims of sexual abuse generally. Although Jones et al. (2020) showed that victims are more likely than non-victims to vote guilty in CSA cases, we found that, among victims, abuse severity has no additional effect on guilt. Thus, attorneys will not achieve a legitimate legal goal by questioning victims about intimate details of their abuse during jury selection. Moreover, because victimization is one of many unique experiences from which jurors can draw during deliberation, it is important not to disproportionately exclude these individuals as jurors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"349-360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Performance of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment. 国家儿童创伤应激网络创伤知情组织评估的发展与表现。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251399911
C A Purbeck, L J Liang, L Glazkova, J Agosti, J H Liu, J Halladay Goldman
{"title":"Development and Performance of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment.","authors":"C A Purbeck, L J Liang, L Glazkova, J Agosti, J H Liu, J Halladay Goldman","doi":"10.1177/10775595251399911","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251399911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theories of change in trauma-informed care emphasize the need go beyond individual transformation and act upon the organization-level. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network's Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment (TIOA), implemented within an implementation framework, is intended to assist with organization-level change. This paper explores properties of the measure, which evaluates 87 practices across nine domains. The TIOA uniquely incorporates the assessment of practices related to race and culture as well as partnerships with youth and families. In a sample of 23 child-serving organizations (N = 1,224), the TIOA demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.93) and good or moderate test-retest reliability. The TIOA was usable by staff in a range of settings and few differences were seen in characteristics such as role in the organization or race. The TIOA provides actionable, organization-level recommendations to help identify strengths and areas for improvement, ultimately supporting environments where staff, children, and families thrive.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"207-219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lost Narratives: Identifying Predictors of Attrition and Differences in Recruitment Effort in a Longitudinal Study on Child Maltreatment. 迷失的叙述:在儿童虐待的纵向研究中确定减员和招募努力差异的预测因素。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251352425
Jan Keil, Josephine Breuer, Romy Küchler, Angelika J Bracher, Charlotte C Schulz, Dorukhan Açıl, Sarah Bergmann, Nina Alexander, Tobias Stalder, Robert Miller, Maria Licata-Dandel, Volker Mall, Michaela Augustin, Anne Sophie Wenzel, Georg von Polier, Daniel Radeloff, Kai von Klitzing, Lars O White
{"title":"Lost Narratives: Identifying Predictors of Attrition and Differences in Recruitment Effort in a Longitudinal Study on Child Maltreatment.","authors":"Jan Keil, Josephine Breuer, Romy Küchler, Angelika J Bracher, Charlotte C Schulz, Dorukhan Açıl, Sarah Bergmann, Nina Alexander, Tobias Stalder, Robert Miller, Maria Licata-Dandel, Volker Mall, Michaela Augustin, Anne Sophie Wenzel, Georg von Polier, Daniel Radeloff, Kai von Klitzing, Lars O White","doi":"10.1177/10775595251352425","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251352425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longitudinal research on the adverse consequences of childhood maltreatment has recently gained significant traction. However, systematic attrition, partly due to specific subsample recruitment needs, threatens the validity of this research. Furthermore, studies specifically analyzing these factors in the field of maltreatment research remain scarce. We utilized data from a longitudinal study comprising <i>N</i> = 863 participants (<i>M<sub>Age</sub></i> = 10.23 years, 47.5% female) and their caregivers at T1, and 616 participants (<i>M<sub>Age</sub></i> = 17.95 years, 50.0% female) at T2. We determined the attrition rate and analyzed psychosocial and socioeconomic predictors of attrition. Additionally, we examined differences in re-assessment efforts between maltreated and non-maltreated youth for T2. Findings indicate a comparatively low attrition rate of 28.6% over nearly 8 years. Participants' maltreatment experiences, externalizing symptoms, and lower household income predicted higher attrition risk, while interim subsample study participation reduced this risk. Maltreatment experiences, lower household income, and higher age were also associated with increased re-assessment effort. Our study provides insights into predictors of systematic attrition in a longitudinal study with maltreated and non-maltreated youth. It highlights the need for tailored retention strategies, frequent contact with families, and targeted resource allocation to mitigate systematic attrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"387-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Child Maltreatment and Harsh Parenting: The Role of Maternal Chronic Relational Strains. 儿童虐待与严厉教养:母亲慢性关系紧张的作用。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251339600
Rebecca L Nguyen, Anastassia Sorokina, Molly R Franz
{"title":"Child Maltreatment and Harsh Parenting: The Role of Maternal Chronic Relational Strains.","authors":"Rebecca L Nguyen, Anastassia Sorokina, Molly R Franz","doi":"10.1177/10775595251339600","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251339600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While prior research indicates that parents who were maltreated as children are more likely to engage in negative parenting behaviors, less is known about how mothers' social relationships may influence these practices. Yet parenting behaviors are influenced not only by the individual characteristics of the parent and child, but also by the social context that exists around the parent-child dyad. The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to test a model examining the effect of mothers' exposure to child maltreatment on harsh parenting practices, as observed in the lab, and the mediating role of strain in mothers' relationships. Seventy-eight mother-child dyads, with children ranging from 18- to 36-months old, were recruited from the community; mothers completed self-report measures of childhood trauma and relational strains, and were observed during a stressful parent-child interaction in the lab. Results indicated that higher child maltreatment was associated with harsher parenting, indirectly via greater chronic relational strains. These findings contribute important knowledge on how mothers' trauma history may influence their current social context to affect parenting behavior. Therapeutic approaches focused on alleviating maternal relational strains, including interventions that target other important people in a mother's circle, may yield more parenting benefits than parent training without a systemic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"262-273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Profiles of Childhood Adversity, Strengths, and Wellbeing in Adulthood. 童年的逆境、优势和成年后的幸福。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261446492
Kimberly J Mitchell, Jennifer E O'Brien, Deirdre Colburn, Victoria Banyard, Haylee B Foster
{"title":"Profiles of Childhood Adversity, Strengths, and Wellbeing in Adulthood.","authors":"Kimberly J Mitchell, Jennifer E O'Brien, Deirdre Colburn, Victoria Banyard, Haylee B Foster","doi":"10.1177/10775595261446492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261446492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores patterns of strengths and childhood adversity and how these impact adult wellbeing. Data were from the Growing Up with Opioids study. Participants (n = 1,571, ages 18-60) were recruited through social media. Latent Profile Analysis revealed a seven-class solution: (1) Low Adversity with Very Low Regulatory Strengths, (2) Very Low Adversity with Low Regulatory Strengths, (3) Self-Reliant, (4) Self-Reliance Plus, (5) Regulatory Resilient, (6) Buffered and Connected, and (7) Insulated and Thriving. Among the three adversity and victimization classes (3-5), very high percentages of participants reported growing up in a home with someone who struggled with drugs and/or alcohol. The two classes with the highest strengths, regardless of childhood adversity, had the highest likelihood of positive adult wellbeing indicators. By identifying distinct profiles of adversity and strengths, this research supports a shift toward strengths-based public health strategies that not only mitigate risk but also promote adaptive capacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261446492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk Factors Associated Image-Based Sexual Abuse in Childhood: Findings From a Diverse Sample of Young Adults. 儿童期基于图像的性虐待的相关风险因素:来自不同年轻人样本的调查结果。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261444571
Heather A Turner, Kimberly J Mitchell, David Finkelhor
{"title":"Risk Factors Associated Image-Based Sexual Abuse in Childhood: Findings From a Diverse Sample of Young Adults.","authors":"Heather A Turner, Kimberly J Mitchell, David Finkelhor","doi":"10.1177/10775595261444571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261444571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in digital communication and imaging technologies have created new avenues for online victimization of youth, including image-based sexual abuse (IBSA). Based on an online survey of 2,652 young adults ages 18-29, the current study examined characteristics of different forms of IBSA experienced before the age of 18 (nonconsensual sending of images, threatened/pressured production, threatened sharing, self-produced image-sharing with someone older, commercial sexual exploitation) and risk factors among different sexual and gender identity groups. Findings show that most forms of IBSA start at ages 13-15, are frequent in occurrence, are interrelated, and differ across sexual and gender identity, with sexual and gender minority (SGM) female individuals most likely to be exposed. Several important risk factors were significantly related to experiencing any IBSA but differed in their relevance across different sexual and gender identity groups. For example, in-person sexual abuse and social networks' image-sharing with strangers had particularly strong associations with IBSA among SGM male individuals, early sexual initiation was most strongly related to IBSA among heterosexual female individuals, and peer norms favoring sexual image-sharing with friends/acquaintances had the strongest association to IBSA among SGM female individuals. Implications for youth-targeted prevention strategies are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261444571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Different Reporters, Different Futures? Child and Parent Outcomes after Child Protection Reports. 不同的记者,不同的未来?儿童保护报告后的儿童和家长结果。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261444613
Jenna L Shelton, Sarah Font
{"title":"Different Reporters, Different Futures? Child and Parent Outcomes after Child Protection Reports.","authors":"Jenna L Shelton, Sarah Font","doi":"10.1177/10775595261444613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261444613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerns about overreporting and malicious reporting to child protective services (CPS) have prompted questions about the value and accuracy of different report sources, with anonymous reporters and education personnel receiving the most scrutiny. Using longitudinal, linked administrative data from Wisconsin on low-income children born in 2000-2002 and followed through 2021, this brief report examines whether the source of a CPS report is differentially associated with: (1) substantiation and subsequent CPS contact; (2) future parental criminal involvement; and (3) alleged child victim outcomes, including mental and behavioral health risk, educational risk, and transition to adulthood. Results from logistic and linear regression models find that, despite differences in report substantiation by source - with reports from law enforcement most likely to be substantiated and anonymous reports least likely - the probabilities of future reports and substantiations, and future parent criminal charges, were highly similar across sources. Differences in children's educational, mental and behavioral health, and transition-to-adulthood outcomes reflect whether children were never reported, reported by a single source, or reported by multiple sources. Overall, no report source emerged as a substantially stronger predictor of future child or family outcomes than others, cautioning against policies that discount reports from particular sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261444613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书