Philosophy & Public Affairs最新文献_第2页

1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12251

引用次数: 0

Bad Question! 不好的问题!

1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12249

Sam Berstler

{"title":"Bad Question!","authors":"Sam Berstler","doi":"10.1111/papa.12249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.12249","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals…exude expressions.1 Performers can stop giving expressions but cannot stop giving them off.2 Defense attorney Mickey Haller (and protagonist of the fictional series Lincoln Lawyer) has his witness exactly where he wants him.3 Anton Shavar isn't on trial. But Haller wants to insinuate that Shavar committed the murders that Haller's client stands accused of committing. First, he needs to insinuate that Shavar knows how to orchestrate a hit. Haller asks about Shavar's former job: “I have a background in formal intelligence in Israel.” So he was in the Mossad? Shavar replies: “I did not say that.” Haller repeats the question: “Were you in the Mossad? An organization which is known to carry out targeted assassinations?” The prosecution objects. Then a man at the back of the court room stands up. He announces that he is Mr. Shavar's counsel and that “Mr. Shavar's past employment in Israel, whatever it may be, has no bearing on this case. It could jeopardize the national security of one of this country's closest allies.” Haller smirks. Bingo. “It's all right, Your Honor, I'll take that as a yes.” Just by asking, “Were you in the Mossad?” Haller had trapped Shavar. All of his available options became bad. Shavar could tell the truth, but the cost would be too high. Shavar knew that Haller would use this information to smear his good name. Shavar could lie, but the risk would be too high: under oath, to lie is to commit a felony offense. Or he could stay silent. But that too was a bad choice. That Shavar stayed silent revealed that Shavar had good reason to stay silent. And, as Haller's quip “I'll take that as a yes” dramatized, Shavar thereby revealed that he worked for Mossad.4 Courtrooms have elaborate rules to attempt to defuse what I call the problem of loud silence. In Lincoln Lawyer, the judge instructs the jury to disregard Haller's final quip. If the jury does what it should, it will deliberate without taking into account the information that Haller extracted through Shavar's silence. But without formal rules of evidence and deliberation, everyday interactions offer no such kindness. The right sort of question put to us, in the right sort of way, can leave us with only three bad options: to lie; to speak truthfully and reveal what we do not want to reveal; and to stay silent and reveal what we do not want to reveal anyway. I call this the problem of loud silence. The right sort of question, put the right sort of way, can do worse still. A tell-tale pause, a barely perceptible facial expression, a subtle vocal change, an odd word choice: all have the potential to reveal sensitive information. You might ask me a prying question, not because you want to know what I will say but because you want to see how I will react. Face-to-face conversation, then, renders us uniquely informationally vulnerable to each other. We are porous beings, our information often escapes from us against our will, and we can exploit this vulnerability in order to","PeriodicalId":47999,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Public Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Notes on the Contributors 投稿人备注

1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12246

引用次数: 0

Notes on the Contributors 投稿人备注

1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12234

引用次数: 0

Making the All‐Affected Principle Safe for Democracy 使所有受影响的原则对民主安全

IF 2.2 1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12209

James L. Wilson

引用次数: 3

Market Harms and Market Benefits 市场危害与市场利益

IF 2.2 1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2022-02-08 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12210

Hayden Wilkinson

{"title":"Market Harms and Market Benefits","authors":"Hayden Wilkinson","doi":"10.1111/papa.12210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.12210","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>I MARKET HARMS IN THE WILD</h2><p>Until the early 2000s, grain collected from the quinoa plant was eaten almost exclusively in its native Peru and Bolivia. But that changed rapidly as western shoppers learned of its nutritional properties—between 2005 and 2015, the amount of quinoa shipped out of Peru and Bolivia grew more than <i>tenfold</i>.1<span aria-labelledby=\"papa12210-note-0002_note_1-controller\"><button><i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i></button><span><span>1 </span> Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Crops,” accessed July 5, 2021, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. </span><span></span></span> With residents of wealthy countries demanding more and more of it, the price of quinoa rocketed from US$350 per tonne to a peak of $2,770.2<span aria-labelledby=\"papa12210-note-0003_note_2-controller\"><button><i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i></button><span><span>2 </span> Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Producer prices,” accessed July 5, 2021, https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/PP. Prices here and throughout are the prices obtained by producers in the country of production, measured in 2021 US dollars. </span><span></span></span> </p><p>How did this price rise affect those Peruvians and Bolivians for whom quinoa was a key staple food? Quinoa consumption in those countries plummeted.3<span aria-labelledby=\"papa12210-note-0004_note_3-controller\"><button><i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i></button><span><span>3 </span> Dan Collyns, “Quinoa brings riches to the Andes,” <i>The Guardian</i>, January 14, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/ jan/14/quinoa-andes-bolivia-peru-crop. </span><span></span></span> In Peruvian marketplaces, it sold for more than rice or even chicken, resulting in few locals being able to afford it. Some commentators predicted that this would lead to widespread malnutrition among the poorest in those countries.4<span aria-labelledby=\"papa12210-note-0005_note_4-controller\"><button><i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i></button><span><span>4 </span> Ibid.; Joanna Blythman, “Can vegans stomach the unpalatable truth about quinoa?,” The Guardian (2013), accessed July 5, 2021, https://www. theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/16/vegans-stomach-unpalatable-truth-quinoa. </span><span></span></span> And so it seemed that wealthy western quinoa eaters had imposed great harm by buying so much quinoa.</p><p>But that is just one side of quinoa's story. Although the price rise may have harmed those who consumed quinoa, it also benefited those who produced it. The income of quinoa farmers rose dramatically during this time, as did their self-reported life satisfaction.5<span aria-labelledby=\"papa12210-note-0006_note_5-controller\"><button><i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i></button><span><span>5 </span> Andrew W. Stevens, “Quinoa Quandary: Cultural Tastes and Nutrition in Peru,” <i>Food Policy</i> 71 (2017): 132–42; Marc F. Bellemare, Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez, and Seth R. Gitter, “Foods and Fads: The Welfare Impacts of Ri","PeriodicalId":47999,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Public Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138528831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Issue Information 问题信息

IF 2.2 1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12167

引用次数: 0

Feasibility as Deliberation‐Worthiness 可行性作为审议价值

IF 2.2 1区哲学

Philosophy & Public Affairs Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/papa.12206

N. Southwood

引用次数: 1

Little Republics: Authority and the Political Nature of the Firm 小共和国：权力与企业的政治性质

IF 2.2 1区哲学