{"title":"The Serial Mediating Effect of Optimistic Bias and Risk-Taking on the Relationship Between the Behavioral Activation System and Fall Risk Awareness in Older Adults.","authors":"Jae-Sun An, Kyung-Hyun Suh","doi":"10.1177/07334648251349905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648251349905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationship between the behavioral activation system (BAS) and fall risk awareness among Korean older adults, focusing on the mediating roles of optimistic bias and risk-taking. Data from 280 participants aged 60-84 were collected via an online survey. Using PROCESS Macro 3.5 Model 6, results showed that BAS positively correlated with optimistic bias, risk-taking, and fall risk awareness. However, optimistic bias and risk-taking were not directly correlated with fall risk awareness. A double mediation effect was observed, where optimistic bias and risk-taking sequentially mediated the BAS-fall risk awareness link. While BAS generally increased fall risk awareness, its influence became negative when mediated through optimistic bias and risk-taking. These findings suggest BAS affects fall risk awareness in complex ways, sometimes leading to lower awareness due to overconfidence and risk-taking behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"7334648251349905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meghna Datta, Joseph H Neiman, Nathan A Boucher, Jehanne M Gheith
{"title":"Overhauling US Long-Term Services and Supports: Looking Toward Japan.","authors":"Meghna Datta, Joseph H Neiman, Nathan A Boucher, Jehanne M Gheith","doi":"10.1177/07334648251348004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648251348004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of a rapidly growing aging population, the United States must address challenges with long term services and supports as that is what the acronym refers to. These challenges include affordability and access to home- and-community-based services (HCBS). One country that has faced similar challenges but has taken a markedly different approach is Japan, with a model of care known as the Community-based Integrated Care System (CbICS). We describe two defining characteristics of the CbICS that could serve as a starting point for the US. The first is the implementation of a hierarchy of support for older adults that emphasizes self-support and mutual aid to offset expensive federal measures. The second is the integration and delivery of medical and social services through designated, community-based centers. The US may benefit from applying key lessons learned from the CbICS. Additionally, we evaluate characteristics of Japan's integrated care approach and draw comparisons with US LTSS programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"7334648251348004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jehath Syed, Prathiba Pereira, C J Tejeswini, Shilpa Avarebeel, Kshama Ramesh, Madhan Ramesh, Krishna Undela, Sri Harsha Chalasani
{"title":"Multi-Criteria Assessment of Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Hospitalized Indian Older Adults: Comparing Beers, STOPP, and FORTA.","authors":"Jehath Syed, Prathiba Pereira, C J Tejeswini, Shilpa Avarebeel, Kshama Ramesh, Madhan Ramesh, Krishna Undela, Sri Harsha Chalasani","doi":"10.1177/07334648251348704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648251348704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) using three criteria (Beers 2019, STOPP v2, and FORTA 2021) in hospitalized older adults in Southern India. In this cross-sectional study of 597 patients (mean age: 72.80 ± 7.41 years), PIM prevalence was remarkably high across all criteria: Beers (99.33%), STOPP (99.16%), and FORTA (99.83%). The mean PIMs per patient were: Beers (3.89 ± 1.84), STOPP (3.77 ± 1.92), and FORTA (7.94 ± 3.22). Cohen's kappa showed fair agreement between Beers and STOPP criteria (κ = 0.252, <i>p</i> < .001), but poor agreement with FORTA. Bland-Altman analysis indicated acceptable agreement between each tool and mean standardized PIM value. The number of medications during hospitalization was the only significant predictor of PIM use in both Beers (OR = 2.504, <i>p</i> = .008) and STOPP criteria (OR = 1.685, <i>p</i> = .008). Results highlight the need for systematic medication review.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"7334648251348704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongjun Wu, Lihui Pu, Rene Hexel, Jun Jo, Wendy Moyle
{"title":"Towards Real-World Dementia Care: Encouraging Activity Engagement Using an Intelligent Humanoid Robot.","authors":"Dongjun Wu, Lihui Pu, Rene Hexel, Jun Jo, Wendy Moyle","doi":"10.1177/07334648251348001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648251348001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humanoid social assistive robotics (SARs) can promote activity engagement for older adults living with dementia. Few studies, however, evaluate the capacity of humanoid SARs to encourage activity engagement in long-term aged care facilities (LACFs). The complexity of the environment, robot design, and personal attributes underscore the challenge of humanoid SARs to encourage activity engagement in practice. This study employed a mixed-methods approach involving nine participants (aged ≥65 years) with mild to moderate cognitive impairment from one aged care facility and seven carers from four different Australian states. Through the triangulation of observational engagement data, participants' semi-structured interviews, and carers focus group discussion, six themes encompassing activity engagement were identified and are discussed for future application and evaluation of humanoid SARs in dementia care: (1) robot physical design, (2) interaction patterns, (3) activity guidelines, (4) intervention environment, (5) personal history, and (6) relationship establishment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"7334648251348001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathália Griebler, Nadja Schröder, William Dos Santos Vieira, Mariana Ghignatti Fagundes, Lucas Menghin Beraldo, Gustavo Dalto Barroso Machado, Caroline Pietta-Dias
{"title":"Single Strength Training Session Improves Short-Term Memory in Cognitively Preserved Older Adults.","authors":"Nathália Griebler, Nadja Schröder, William Dos Santos Vieira, Mariana Ghignatti Fagundes, Lucas Menghin Beraldo, Gustavo Dalto Barroso Machado, Caroline Pietta-Dias","doi":"10.1177/07334648241290083","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07334648241290083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effect of a single aerobic or strength training session on memory of cognitively preserved older adults. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, in the first visit the participants (52.2% men, aged 68.65 ± 2.81 years-old, BMI 26.94 ± 4.09), were randomly allocated in one of three groups: AG (aerobic exercise group), SG (strength exercise group, submitted to five exercises with 15 repetitions each), and CG (control group). Participants had a short-term memory assessment (word list memory test) followed by a single exercise session, and were retested immediately after. 24 h later, participants were submitted to a long-term memory assessment about the story that was presented in the previous day. Results showed that the SG group had a significant improvement in the word list test, when comparing pre- and post-intervention scores, suggesting that a single strength training session significantly enhances short-term memory in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"884-892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association Between Intrinsic Capacity and Hospital Admission Among Older Adults in the Emergency Department.","authors":"Chia-Hung Lin, Chien-Chien Tseng, Shiow-Ching Shun, Piao-Yi Chiou, Pei-Ying Lin, Hsiu-Chen Tsou, Hsien-Hao Huang","doi":"10.1177/07334648241290080","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07334648241290080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective cohort study assessed the impact of intrinsic capacity on hospital admissions among older adults after an Emergency Department (ED) visit. Assessing 1132 patients according to WHO's Integrated Care for Older People guidelines between March 1 and August 30, 2022, we found that 784 (69.26%) were admitted. The admission group demonstrated significantly lower intrinsic capacity scores (mean ± SD, 2.92 ± 1.29) compared to the discharge group (3.44 ± 1.23; <i>p</i> < .001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that higher intrinsic capacity scores were associated with lower odds of admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71-0.92; <i>p</i> < .001). Notably, patients with malnutrition had significantly higher odds of admission (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 2.16-4.50; <i>p</i> < .001). These findings underscore the importance of integrating the intrinsic capacity assessment with traditional clinical indicators in the emergency care of older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"851-862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kylie Meyer, Susanna M Mage, Alexander Gonzalez, Jaclene A Zauszniewski, Shanae Rhodes, Jaime Perales-Puchalt, Kathleen Wilber, Lixin Song, Frank Puga, Donna Benton
{"title":"Lessons from a Pilot Study of a Culturally Tailored Financial Well-Being Intervention Among Latino Family Caregivers.","authors":"Kylie Meyer, Susanna M Mage, Alexander Gonzalez, Jaclene A Zauszniewski, Shanae Rhodes, Jaime Perales-Puchalt, Kathleen Wilber, Lixin Song, Frank Puga, Donna Benton","doi":"10.1177/07334648241293524","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07334648241293524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Financial strain disproportionally affects the growing population of Latino family caregivers. This pilot study aimed to test the feasibility of a culturally tailored psychoeducational intervention for Latino caregivers designed to reduce financial strain by improving resourcefulness and self-efficacy. Feasibility was assessed according to participant demands, ability to deliver the intervention, and preliminary efficacy. From May 2022 to September 2023, Confidently Navigating Financial Decisions and Enhancing Financial Wellbeing in Dementia Caregiving (CONFIDENCE) was administered to 69 caregivers over 11 cohorts in a community setting. Caregivers attended an average of 3.13 (<i>SD</i> = 0.17) of five sessions. Eligible caregivers were given the option to participate in a single-arm pre- and post-test study. Results from <i>N</i> = 20 caregivers indicated reduced levels of financial strain 2 months post-intervention (<i>p</i>-value = .013). Findings also showed improvements resourcefulness and self-efficacy. Although CONFIDENCE appears feasible to deliver and may affect desired outcomes, future studies should reduce intervention demands to improve attendance.Trial RegistrationThis trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05292248).</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"938-948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Abedi, Shehroz S Khan, Andrea Iaboni, Susan E Bronskill, Jennifer Bethell
{"title":"Prediction of Social Engagement in Long-Term Care Homes by Sex: A Population-Based Analysis Using Machine Learning.","authors":"Ali Abedi, Shehroz S Khan, Andrea Iaboni, Susan E Bronskill, Jennifer Bethell","doi":"10.1177/07334648241290589","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07334648241290589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to use population-based clinical assessment data to build and evaluate machine-learning models for predicting social engagement among female and male residents of long-term care (LTC) homes. Routine clinical assessments from 203,970 unique residents in 647 LTC homes in Ontario, Canada, collected between April 1, 2010, and March 31, 2020, were used to build predictive models for the Index of Social Engagement (ISE) using a data-driven machine-learning approach. General and sex-specific models were built to predict the ISE. The models showed a moderate prediction ability, with random forest emerging as the optimal model. Mean absolute errors were 0.71 and 0.73 in females and males, respectively, using general models and 0.69 and 0.73 using sex-specific models. Variables most highly correlated with the ISE, including activity pursuits, cognition, and physical health and functioning, differed little by sex. Factors associated with social engagement were similar in female and male residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"902-915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Closing Medicare Part D Coverage Gap on Mental Health of Adults Over Age 65.","authors":"Junjie Gai, Kanika Arora","doi":"10.1177/07334648241290324","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07334648241290324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2006 to 2019, this study assessed the effect of closing Medicare Part D coverage gap on mental health of older adults. We employed difference-in-differences and compared mental health outcomes of older adults on Medicare with those on private insurance before and after the 2011 policy change. Findings showed a 0.447-point reduction in the Kessler Index 6 (K-6) score after closure. These findings were mainly attributable to women, Hispanics, individuals with multiple chronic conditions, and those in Traditional Medicare. A reduction in out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures appeared to be the primary mechanism for this finding. Our analysis was robust to several specifications, including using different measures of mental health and alternate constructions of treatment and control groups. The closure of the Medicare Part D coverage gap improved mental health among beneficiaries, potentially by reducing financial strain associated with high OOP expenditures.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"927-937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Audrey A Keleman, Rebecca M Bollinger, Juleen Rodakowski, Chih-Hung Chang, Abigail L Kehrer-Dunlap, Beau M Ances, Susan L Stark
{"title":"Exploring the Remote Administration of a Performance-Based Functional Assessment.","authors":"Audrey A Keleman, Rebecca M Bollinger, Juleen Rodakowski, Chih-Hung Chang, Abigail L Kehrer-Dunlap, Beau M Ances, Susan L Stark","doi":"10.1177/07334648241292968","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07334648241292968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performance-based assessments of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) can detect subtle functional impairments better than self-reported questionnaires. While most performance-based IADL assessments were developed for in-person administration, remote administration could increase access to vulnerable older adults. This study compared in-person and remote administration of IADL tasks from the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills. Community-dwelling older adults completed tasks (shopping, checkbook balancing, and medication management) at baseline (in-person) and follow-up (either in-person or remote, with modifications) two years later. Scores between the two follow-up groups, change in scores from baseline to follow-up, and differential item functioning (DIF) between the two administration methods at follow-up were examined. There were no differences in scores between methods of administration, but remote tasks took longer, and one item had significant DIF (<i>ps</i> < .01). Clinicians found remote administration acceptable and feasible. With minor adaptations, remote administration of the three tasks was supported. Further validation research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"981-993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}