{"title":"Reexamining information asymmetry related to corporate spin-offs","authors":"Han-Sheng Chen , Ying-Chou Lin , Yu-Chen Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent technological innovations and changes in governmental regulations both affect information dissemination; within this context, we use this paper to reassess the role of information asymmetry in corporate spin-off decisions. Analyzing spin-off deals from 1980 to 2017, we find that information asymmetry does not significantly influence spin-off decisions. Specifically, there is neither substantial disparity in levels of information asymmetry between spin-off firms and their counterparts, nor marked improvements after breakups. This remains true even when we account for events such as the Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD) and the types of spin-offs themselves. Additionally, no evidence exists to suggest that firms with greater information asymmetry are more inclined to spin off. Contrary to findings in the literature, information asymmetry does not explain observed positive abnormal returns around spin-off announcements; instead, the misvaluation of spin-off firms correlates more closely with their pre-spin-off investment efficiency. These findings suggest a shift in primary drivers behind corporate spin-offs: a diminished focus on information asymmetry and stronger attention instead to investment inefficiencies and misvaluation in response to evolving market conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 190-205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The sustainability factor in asset pricing: Empirical evidence from the Indian market","authors":"S. Mohanasundaram , R. Kasilingam","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the feasibility of including the sustainability performance of firms in the asset pricing problem. The data of 500 firms from the NIFTY 500 index are used for this study. The stock prices and financial data are downloaded from the CIME database. The sustainability factor is computed using the ESG scores from the Bloomberg database. In order to test the influence of the sustainability factor, the Fama–French Five-Factor model is extended by including the sustainability factor as an additional factor. The dependent variables are the excess returns on 36 size and book-to-market ratio sorted portfolios, 36 size and operating profitability sorted portfolios, and 36 size and investment sorted portfolios. The impact of the sustainability factor on excess portfolio return is tested using the Fama–MacBeth two-pass regression and the Fama–French methodology. The results show that the price of ESG risk (or ESG risk premium) is positive, indicating that firms with lower ESG performance yield more returns than those with higher ESG performance. About one-third of the portfolios witness the significant impact of the sustainability factor on their returns. However, the insignificant relationship in two third of the portfolios between the sustainability factor and excess portfolio returns conveys that in the Indian market, corporate investors have the flexibility to decide on ESG investment. Smaller firms are exposed to a higher ESG risk, and Firms which do not integrate environmental and social costs into their strategies may bear a higher cost of equity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 206-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raphaël Chiappini , Bertrand Groslambert , Olivier Bruno
{"title":"A method to measure bank output while excluding credit risk and retaining liquidity effects","authors":"Raphaël Chiappini , Bertrand Groslambert , Olivier Bruno","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current method of calculating nominal bank output in the national accounts has significant shortcomings. Discussions to remedy this have been ongoing for several years. We propose a new method that addresses the flaws of the current approach of the System of National Accounts. We implement a simple model-free method that removes the ’pure’ credit risk premium from the production of banks while keeping the liquidity provision as part of the total nominal bank output. Using both local projections and autoregressive distributed lag models, we show that our method produces nominal bank output estimates that are consistent with the evolution of the economic activity and that remain always positive including during periods of financial stress. This method satisfies the four conditions set by the Inter-Secretariat Working Group on National Accounts. Furthermore, our method reveals that the nominal banking output of the eurozone is overestimated by approximately 40% over the period 2003–2017.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 167-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976924000139/pdfft?md5=306fe2681ac20dab9392dc6038078826&pid=1-s2.0-S1062976924000139-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State-contingent debt with lender risk aversion","authors":"Gonçalo Pina","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>State-contingent debt has the potential to eliminate costly debt crises. Yet, markets for this type of debt remain essentially closed. This paper uses a simple model to show conditions under which specialized risk-averse foreign lenders prefer non-contingent debt to state-contingent debt. Borrowers always prefer state-contingent debt as non-contingent debt increases the probability of default and reduces investment and output. However, lenders face a trade-off between the total surplus generated by the investment project and the share that they appropriate through the financial trade. Even though total surplus is smaller with non-contingent debt when compared to state-contingent debt, the share of the surplus that goes to lenders is larger under non-contingent debt. The paper then characterizes environments where state-contingent debt is more likely to be preferred by both borrowers and lenders under risk aversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 180-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family ties and firm performance empirical evidence from East Asia","authors":"Christophe J. Godlewski , Hong Nhung Le","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the impact of family ties on the performance of family firms in East Asia. To measure family ties, we used both objective and subjective indicators from the World Value Survey. Our findings indicate that family firms that are nurtured in a society with strong family ties tend to have better performance compared to family firms that operate in a culture with weak family ties. Furthermore, family firms that have strong familial relationships are more likely to gain a competitive advantage over nonfamily firms. Conversely, family firms with weak ties tend to underperform nonfamily firms. Our results are robust across various measures of firm performance, classifications of family firm, considerations of heteroskedasticity and endogeneity, and different econometric methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 150-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976924000140/pdfft?md5=8a69919f983858363d2506d66f9b406d&pid=1-s2.0-S1062976924000140-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiyan Gao, Yuzhang Wang, Fengrong Wang, William Mbanyele
{"title":"Do environmental courts break collusion in environmental governance? Evidence from corporate green innovation in China","authors":"Weiyan Gao, Yuzhang Wang, Fengrong Wang, William Mbanyele","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The environmental courts represent institutional innovation in the judicial system independent of administrative regulations, this study examines whether and how environmental courts promote corporate green innovation by breaking collusion in Chinese heavily polluting listed firms from 2003 to 2020. Based on a staggered difference-in-difference analysis, our findings show that environmental courts have a stronger stimulating effect on green innovation quality and no effect on low-quality green patents. This effect is particularly more pronounced for firms with lower risk-taking ability, higher green agency costs, and state-owned firms. We also confirmed that environmental courts enhance authoritative judicial constraints on local governments, thereby curbing collusion and forcing them to implement environmental protection subsidies and administrative penalties to optimize corporate green innovation structure. Our fine-grained analysis indicates that independent green patents are more sensitive to environmental courts than collaborative ones. However, corporate green R&D efficiency does not improve following the establishment of environmental courts. Overall, our study underscores the importance of strengthening environmental justice as an effective mechanism for facilitating a just transition to a low-carbon green economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 133-149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investment network and stock’s systemic risk contribution: Evidence from China","authors":"Youtao Xiang, Sumuya Borjigin","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we investigated the effect of network structures on stock’s systemic risk contribution, which measures the connection characteristics of investment network from different aspects. Firstly, we find that network centrality increases systemic risk contribution, and empirical results hold even after controlling for other factors and are also robust to alternate measures. Secondly, this paper further proposes two possible explanations. Specifically, investment network connection could increase the possibility of collusion with firms, facilitate the relevant institutional investors to hollow out the listed company, and firms at the center of network can amplify the sentiment of market participants through the generation and dissemination of information, thereby increasing stock’s systemic risk contribution. Besides, economic policy uncertainty (EPU) could strengthen the positive effect of network centrality on stock’s systemic risk contribution. Finally, we document that other important network features (including structural holes, clustering coefficients, and core-periphery structure) can also increase stock’s systemic risk contribution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 113-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The transmission of targeted monetary policy to bank credit supply","authors":"Matjaž Volk","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper I estimate the impact of Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing Operations (TLTRO) on the evolution of lending amounts and rates in Slovenia, with a specific focus on distinct effects of TLTRO-I and II. I use a combination of difference-in-differences and instrumental variable approach, which together with detail credit register data enable the identification of supply side effects of the TLTRO policy. The results show a supporting impact of targeted operations on bank loan supply, resulting in higher credit growth and lower rates. I find that the TLTRO-I was supportive through both the quantity and price channels, whereas the TLTRO-II only shows a significant impact on the credit amount. Further, I find the transmission of TLTRO-I was higher through better capitalized banks, whereas both policy waves supported lending to safe and stable firms with higher credit ratings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic policy uncertainty as an indicator of abrupt movements in the US stock market","authors":"Paraskevi Tzika , Theologos Pantelidis","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A two regime switching model is developed in an attempt to relate expected US stock market returns to deviations from fundamentals and to Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU). The analysis is based on monthly data that cover the period from January 1900 to October 2022 and the EPU index is used as an explanatory variable. The findings suggest that the US stock market spends most of the time in a low-volatility regime, periodically switching to a high-volatility regime during times of financial instability. In an attempt to examine the forecasting ability of the model, out-of-sample probabilities of a crash and a boom are estimated recursively. The results provide evidence that our model is able to depict periods of abrupt movements in the US stock market. Finally, the estimated model and the associated probability of a crash are used to develop and evaluate a proposed trading strategy, in order to analyse the financial usefulness of the model. A simple simulation reveals that our trading rule produces statistically significant abnormal returns and manages to outperform the simple buy-and-hold strategy for the period before the Covid-19 crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139469060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariya Gubareva , Tatiana Sokolova , Zaghum Umar , Xuan Vinh Vo
{"title":"Sukuk liquidity and creditworthiness during COVID-19","authors":"Mariya Gubareva , Tatiana Sokolova , Zaghum Umar , Xuan Vinh Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the empirical liquidity study of Islamic fixed-income securities during 2020–2021. Using bid-ask and Z-spread metrics we demonstrate that the apogee of both, liquidity and credit stresses in international sukuk market is reached in early April 2020. Contrasting results for non-Islamic fixed-income instruments, we show that sukuk credit spreads recover to pre-Covid levels faster than their bid-ask spreads. However, we find that the share of liquidity component in the yield spread of sukuks always remains below 1%, revealing that Covid-19 does not worsen in relative terms the economic attractiveness of this financing channel for Shariah-concerned entities and investors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 88-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976924000073/pdfft?md5=c85348581ce498b8cd1262ea32a6c375&pid=1-s2.0-S1062976924000073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139414483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}