{"title":"Bank geographic diversification and market competition","authors":"Shuo Liang , Fernando Moreira , Joosung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the effect of geographic diversification on competition, proposing new bank-level competition indicators to capture the degree of competition in individual banks’ markets. By using the gravity-deregulation model to construct an instrument for geographic diversification, we find that geographic diversification increases the degree of competition in specific banking markets. Mechanism analyses suggest that geographic diversification spurs market competition through changing two elements of the banking market structure, namely, concentration level in the market and banks’ market shares. Our findings imply that banks’ geographic diversification could lead to an unintended effect on market competitiveness and the market structure could be endogenous to banks’ behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyuan Zhang , Hang You , Ze Zhang , Wangchun Wu
{"title":"Asset association and dynamic risk contagion under climate policy uncertainty","authors":"Xiaoyuan Zhang , Hang You , Ze Zhang , Wangchun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.101994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.101994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of climate policy uncertainty, we introduce a novel discrete-time nonlinear dynamic risk contagion model. This model captures the dynamics of credit risk as it propagates among firms via a multi-path contagion mechanism, spreading risks along diverse pathways between interconnected nodes. Utilizing the Single-Index Model, the LASSO techniques, and the CoVaR method, we map out the industrial chain network and develop systemic risk indicators for firms within this network. Using these indicators, we empirically analyze the impact of climate policy uncertainty on systemic risk. Our theoretical findings underscore the presence of a steady state in networks under climate policy uncertainty. We derive the analytical expressions for the steady state in complete networks. Empirical evidence reveals that climate policy uncertainty significantly amplifies systemic risk in the industrial chain, with upstream firms contributing more to systemic risk and downstream firms experiencing greater risk exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 101994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hedging uncertainty: Bitcoin's asymmetric diversification benefits in factor-based portfolios","authors":"Ion-Iulian Marinescu , Nawazish Mirza , Alexandra Horobet , Lucian Belascu","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the benefits of adding Bitcoin in a portfolio framework that also includes the five Fama-French risk factor portfolios in periods of low versus high US economic policy uncertainty (EPU). The empirical investigation utilizes data spanning from 2015 to 2023 and follows a two-step methodological approach. First, the US EPU monthly time series is segmented in sub-periods characterized by high and low EPU, determined using the Bai-Perron structural breaks test. Secondly, we employ the mean-CVaR portfolio optimization approach that seeks to maximize risk-adjusted expected returns on portfolios that are formed with and without Bitcoin. We find that the optimal weight of Bitcoin asset increases and subsequently the risk-adjusted performance of the Bitcoin portfolio improves in periods of high EPU, as opposed to periods of low EPU. Our results are robust to rolling estimation windows, different rebalance frequencies and alternative portfolio construction techniques. This asymmetric impact is critical and should be incorporated in portfolio decisions, as it shows that Bitcoin is most useful as a diversifier in periods where the economic uncertainty is relatively high. The obtained results also reinforce the idea that crypto assets are independent from the existing financial system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sentiment-return relation and stock price synchronicity: Firm-level versus market-level sentiment","authors":"Karam Kim , Jonathan A. Batten , Doojin Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how investor sentiment affects stock returns under different levels of stock price synchronicity. Firm-level (market-level) sentiment has a stronger impact on low- (high-) synchronicity stocks. While firm-level sentiment effects remain stable over time, market-level sentiment effects intensify across all stocks during the pandemic. Uninformed investors consistently rely more on firm-level sentiment when trading low-synchronicity stocks but shift to market-level sentiment when deciding on their participation during the pandemic. These results remain robust after controlling firm size and calendar effects, and applying an alternative market-level sentiment measure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does FinTech affect power consumption intensity in China?","authors":"Xiaohui Chen , Hongwei Zhang , Xiang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Promoting the decarbonization of the economy and society is an integral component of achieving high-quality development. While the rapid advancement of financial technology (FinTech) has played a crucial role in shaping the economic and social development model, its impact on decarbonization has received limited attention in previous studies. To address this gap, this study establishes a partial theoretical equilibrium analysis framework and computes provincial FinTech development indices for Chinese provinces spanning from 2008 to 2022. Subsequently, we empirically examine the impact of FinTech on power consumption intensity. This study observes that FinTech possesses the capacity to diminish power consumption intensity, with this intensity progressively declining as FinTech advancements occur. Notably, FinTech’s impact on loan growth serves as a pivotal intermediary in reducing power consumption intensity. By fostering a risk-friendly environment for banks, FinTech stimulates increased loan growth, thereby alleviating the financial strain on electricity providers and subsequently reducing power usage intensity. This study not only contributes to practical applications but also enriches our understanding of the intricate interplay between FinTech and power consumption, shedding light on the potential for decarbonization within the economy and society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nurturing nature: The role of green finance in reviving urban biodiversity","authors":"Zhiyuan Gao , Ying Zhao , Lianqing Li , Yu Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's green finance (GF) policies have been progressively implemented and strengthened, positioning GF as a pivotal catalyst for biodiversity enhancement. This study employs the GF Innovation and Reform Zones as a quasi-experimental setting to examine the influence and underlying mechanisms of GF on biodiversity, utilizing data from 278 Chinese cities. The findings indicate that GF markedly improves urban biodiversity. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that GF positively impacts biodiversity in western cities, cities with advanced economic development, resource-centric cities, and small to medium-sized urban centers. Mechanism tests identify ecological value realization and climate change as key pathways through which GF augments biodiversity levels. Given the intricate nature and pressing need for biodiversity conservation, this study offers a theoretical framework for leveraging GF in biodiversity preservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shalini Aggarwal , Farhat Aziz Lone , Manisha Paliwal
{"title":"Green bonds: A demographic study of Retail Investors in India","authors":"Shalini Aggarwal , Farhat Aziz Lone , Manisha Paliwal","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.101991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.101991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of age, gender, education, occupation, investment experience, and income allocation on the perception of retail investor towards investment in green bond. Also, the study analyse the impact of three notable factors i.e. Environmental consciousness (EC), Concern for well being (CWB), Religious value and commitment (RVC) on Green bonds investor intention (GBII). Overall, the study used a descriptive research design, collected data from primary and secondary sources. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and the correlation test were used to investigate the factors influencing investors' perceptions of green bond investments. PLS SEM is used to analyse the impact of EC, CWB and RVC on GBII. It had a sample size of 406 respondents. The findings indicate a significant gender disparity among green bond investors. The majority of investors are men (343), while only a small percentage of women (63) participate in this market. This gender bias calls for targeted initiatives to encourage greater female participation and ensure a more inclusive and diverse investor base. The present study will help fund managers, brokers, companies, and policymakers in understanding retail investors' perceptions of GBs. It will also provide valuable insights for policymakers to make informed decisions about GB regulations and strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 101991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: The interplay of cultural differences and prior M&A activity","authors":"Fatos Radoniqi, Roger White","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the extent to which cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are affected by national cultural differences (i.e., cultural distance) and prior M&A activity. Our empirical specification follows the standard gravity framework. Estimating a series of Tobit models using bilateral data that represent 9389 mergers involving firms in 30 countries over three periods (1995–1998, 2005–2008, and 2017–2020), we find a negative but declining influence of cultural distance on cross-border M&A activity. We also find merger activity involving firms in a particular country pair is positively related to subsequent M&A activity and that this experience counteracts the hindering influence of cultural differences, which becomes insignificant after approximately ten prior mergers. Our findings are robust to sample composition, choice of periods examined, model specification, estimation technique, and alternative measurements of both cultural distance and prior M&A activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Board gender diversity and CEO compensation: Strengthening governance and pay-performance sensitivity","authors":"Chandra S. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between female directorship and CEO compensation, focusing on pay-performance sensitivity, total compensation, and equity-based pay. We address endogeneity issues, CEO compensation persistence, and unobserved heterogeneity using a multi-level fixed effects estimator, dynamic panel models, system GMM, cross-lagged structural panel models, and instrumental variables models. Our findings indicate that female directorship is positively associated with CEO pay-performance sensitivity and equity-based compensation but negatively associated with total CEO compensation. This suggests that female directors emphasize performance-based incentives over fixed pay, reinforcing a stronger alignment between CEO pay and shareholder value. Further, CEO power and managerial ability significantly moderate this relationship. When the CEO is the board chairman, female directorship is positively associated with total and equity compensation. Similarly, higher managerial ability strengthens the relation between female directorship and equity-based pay while weakening its negative association with total compensation. Our findings contribute to corporate governance, agency theory, and resource dependence theory by demonstrating that board gender diversity enhances monitoring effectiveness and alters executive compensation structures to improve firm accountability and performance alignment. These insights are important for board composition policies, gender diversity mandates, and executive pay design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does the introduction of US spot Bitcoin ETFs affect spot returns and volatility of major cryptocurrencies?","authors":"Babalos Vassilios , Elie Bouri , Rangan Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.qref.2025.102006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides the first empirical evidence of whether the introduction of US spot Bitcoin ETFs affected the returns and volatility of major cryptocurrencies. Using data from December 18, 2017 to March 15, 2024, we apply an event-study methodology within a GARCH-based framework. Our results reveal a significant effect of the introduction of spot Bitcoin ETFs on cryptocurrency returns and volatility. The analysis shows a positive impact for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin spot price returns around the event date. The volatility of Bitcoin and Ripple spot markets decreased following the introduction of spot Bitcoin ETFs, which supports the stabilization hypothesis for these two cases. We also examine the volatility spillovers using a wavelet coherence approach, and reveal significant volatility spillovers from Grayscale Bitcoin ETF to Bitcoin futures and to a lesser extend to the Bitcoin spot market. Our findings enhance the limited understanding of the price discovery and functioning of the cryptocurrency markets, which could be useful for investors, regulators, and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47962,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 102006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}