Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Determination Of Heavy Metals and Radon Concentration in Soil and Water Samples from Wadi-B Jere Oil Exploration Sites in Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria","authors":"A. Yakubu, T.H. Darma, U. M. Dankawu, A.L. Kareema, A.A. Danfiyau, A. Muhammed, A. Shamsuddeen, A.R. Usman, Y. Hannafi, M.I. Bukar, F. Kachallah","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.31","url":null,"abstract":"Radon gas and heavy metals are two significant risk factors that can cause lung cancer. Wadi B, a locality in Jere local government of  Borno state, is an area where oil exploration is underway. There is a potential health risk of contamination of the drinking water and soil  samples in the area. To investigate radon concentration and heavy metal contamination, several samples of water from wells and  boreholes, as well as soil samples, were collected for analysis. The analysis was conducted using liquid scintillation (LSC) and atomic  absorption spectrometry. The result of radioactivity analysis using LSC shows that water samples have varying levels of radon  concentration ranging from 17.77 Bql-1 to 22.50Bql-1 which exceeded the maximum contaminant levels of 11.1Bq/L set by the USEPA  1999 and the world average value of 10Bq/L set by the World Health Organisation (WHO 2004). The mean annual effective cancer risk of  radon intake varied across sampling points, ranging from 0.164, 0.246, 0.287 to 0.130, 0.218, and 0.227 for adults, children, and infants,  respectively, with mean values of 0.146, 0.219, and 0.255. The mean values of excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) associated with radon  inhalation and ingestion for adults, children, and infants were 0.0005110, 0.0007660, and 0.0008930, respectively. Moreover, elevated  conductivity and total dissolved solids in water samples suggest potential contamination, exceeding the recommended limits set by the  World Health Organization. On the other hand, Heavy metals analysis shows a mean value of ELCR 0.125009 for adults and 0.000063 for  infants. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations in soil samples exceeded permissible limits for all metals except chromium and  lead, with the order of concentration being Cr < Cd < Pb < Cu < Zn. These findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and  remediation efforts to mitigate environmental and health risks in Wadi B ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140661598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Schistosomiasis Amongst Children in Some Selected Primary Schools in Bagwai Local Government Area of Kano State – Nigeria","authors":"H. Sule, A.B. Muhammad, A.B. Ali","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.29","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that mostly affect children of the poor in resource limited settings of  developing countries especially in Africa. It evolves when children come in contact with stagnant water and those of school age are  among the most vulnerable. The research aimed to assess the burden of schistosomiasis among school children in the study area.  Samples were collected in universal bottles and analysed by microscopy. From the research, overall prevalence of 25.3% was recorded.  The result indicated variable disease prevalence amongst the selected villages, which revealed 45(47.3%) for Daddauda, 31(13.1%) for  Kiyawa, 29(2.63%) for Jarumawa, 22(13.1%) from Sare-Sare and Kauyen Adam with 23(23.6%). Daddauda recorded the highest prevalence  (47.3%) followed by Kauyen Adam (23.6%), Kiyawa and Sare-Sare with 13.1% respectively and the least was Jarumawa with 2.63%. There is  statistically significant difference in infection among the different villages from which the children came from (P-value = 0.0001. According  to the results, males had higher prevalence 71.0% compared to their females counterpart, 28.9%. Based on age group, the age bracket with the highest prevalence was 15-18 years of age 68.4% while the least infection rate was recorded in 5-7 years age group with  10.5%. ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"53 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Risk Assessment Of Potentially Toxic Element Concentrations In Fish And Vegetables Obtained From Six Selected Dams In Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"I. A. Dimeji, Babatola B. Keji, Folorunsho A. Idowu","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1b.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1b.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the levels of certain heavy metals in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), as well as vegetables, and to evaluate  the potential health risks associated with the presence of toxic elements from Dec. 2019 to June 2023. A total of 60 tilapia fish, 12 okra  (Abelmoschus esculentus) and 12 bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) from six major dams in Osun State were prepared for analysis using  wet digestion with aqua-regia. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer  (Shimadzu AA-630). The health risk associated with fish consumption was estimated using various parameters. Statistical analysis was  conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The concentrations of micro elements followed the order  of Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn in decreasing concentrations. These concentrations exceeded the permissible limits set by the World Health  Organization (WHO) for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr, which are 0.6, 0.3, 0.3, and 0.7 mg L-1, respectively. The results obtained for okra and bitter leaf  were within the limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, the presence of these metals indicates the  need for close environmental monitoring of the six selected dams. ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140661887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Diversity and Abundance of Starling Birds at Federal University Dutse, Nigeria","authors":"Falilat Olatoro Sotayo, Ahmad Garba Isah","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.15","url":null,"abstract":"The biodiversity of an ecosystem can give information on the health of that ecosystem. This study examined starling bird species diversity  and abundance, as well as the effects of vegetation and season of the year on starling birds at Federal University Dutse. Point  count bird census technique was used to survey starling birds at sixteen (16), randomly selected points, within the study location, during  the rainy and dry seasons of the year. Vegetation measurement was also taken. The number of trees were counted and percentage grass  cover was estimated. Data analysis was carried out using the statistical software R version 3.3. A total of 607 individual birds of five (5)  starling species; Chestnut-bellied starling, Greater blue-eared starling, Lesser blue-eared starling, Long-tailed glossy starling and Purple glossy starling were observed. There was a significant negative relationship between Starling species diversity and percentage grass  cover (p < 0.001) as Starling species diversity decreased with increase in percentage grass cover. Starling species diversity also differed  significantly by seasons of the year (p < 0.001), with higher diversity recorded during the dry season. Starling bird abundance on the  other hand, also decreased marginally with increase in percentage grass cover (p = 0.06) and was higher during the dry season of the  year (p = 0.01). The most abundant Starling bird species was the Chestnutbellied starling (p < 0.001). ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concern over Orthodox and First Aids Treatments of Snakebite Victims in Kaltungo L.G.A, Gombe State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Tokdung, A. Sagir, N. Mohammed","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.26","url":null,"abstract":"Snakebite by venomous snake causes multi-dimensional fast adverse clinical and non-clinical effects; including mortality and morbidity.  Hence, the need for urgent first aid and treatments always in such conditions. Unfortunately, most of the bites occur in very remote rural  areas with no health facilities at all or poor health facilities where available for proper treatment. So, the alternative as a matter of necessity is self-help by means of traditional methods of “first aid or treatment”. Unfortunately, the disadvantage of such methods far  out-weigh the advantages in many ways for many reasons such as toxicity, none efficacy, lack of hygiene, unknown dosage and delay in  going for proper health care early, due to hopeful confidence. The Tropical and Sub-Saharan regions of the globe are more affected;  Nigeria is inclusive with the high burden in 12 States. This study was aimed at evaluating the level of dependence on some of these  traditional methods of first and treatment of snakebite victims in Kaltungo, Gombe State. After getting ethical clearance from the State  Ministry of Health and consent of the victims; a simple questionnaire was used to collect relevant information regarding first aids and treatments from 200 snakebite victims. The study showed that 167 (83.5%) of the victims took at least one form of first aid and/or  treatment or the other before visiting the health centre for proper care. The first aids/treatments methods include at least one traditional  methods – 27 (13.5%), orthodox only – 4 victims (2%), spiritual method only – 3 (1.5%), tourniquet method only – 7 (3.5%)  combinations of two or more methods – 126 (63.0%), while 33 (16.5%) only did not take any first aid/treatment at all before getting to the  treatment centre.","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional and Molecular Studies of Alkaliphilic Tolerant Potential Amylase Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Indigenous Foods and Dumpsites","authors":"Akinyele Hafiz Awofe, Okuku Mercy Aboomo, Nwokeoma Cheryl Ifeanyichukwu, Aliu Kamoru Tunde","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1b.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1b.15","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaliphilic organisms are important in industries but most of these organisms are obtained from Bacillus species and the like that  require special scrutiny before use in fermentation of food related products. Lactic acid bacteria are generally regarded as safe (GRAS)  and are therefore readily applied in industrial fermentation with confidence. Due to high demand for the products of alkaliphilic organisms and industrial acceptability of lactic acid bacteria, there is a need to source for GRAS microorganisms that can withstand pH  ranges. The aim of this study was to isolate alkaliphilic tolerant lactic acid bacteria from fermented cassava mash, `ogi` and dump site  samples with a view to determining their nutritional requirement as well as molecular identity. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the  samples using standard methods. The isolates were subsequently characterized morphologically, biochemically and molecularly. Effects  of different carbon, nitrogen sources, initial temperature and pH as well as metal ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+) on the growth of  the isolates were examined. Data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results obtained indicate that  extracted DNA sequence of A3, A7, A8 and A10 were related to those of Lactobacillus brevis FJ476121.1, Pediococcus acidilactici  CP096031.1, Pediococcus pentasaceus AB362605.1 and Pediococcus acidilactici CP053421.1 respectively with the sequences within the GenBank. 1% fructose elicited growth for all the bacteria detected except Lactobacillus brevis and ammonium nitrate was most preferred  by all the bacteria detected apart from Pediococcus pentasaceus strain. Lactobacillus brevis FJ476121.1 and Pediococcus acidilactici  CP053421.1 were the most alkaliphilic tolerant bacteria detected with OD of 0.285±0.04 and 0.198±0.04 respectively. Different metal ions  significantly influenced the growth of isolates in this study. The results in this study indicate potential applicability of the detected  bacteria for industrial processes.    ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"32 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Cadmium Doped Lead Sulphide Thin Films Deposited Using Spray Pyrolysis Technique","authors":"M.L. Madugu, J.A. Makko","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.32","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Faruku, Farouk Sarkinfada, Taysir R. Hafiz, U. F. Magaji, Auwal Kabuga Idris, S. Musa, K. Umar, Iman Maikano Khalid, Mujahid Sani Nura, Nura Muhammad Sani, Mohammed Yusuf, Muhammad Adamu Abbas","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.25","url":null,"abstract":"Typhoid fever is a life-threatening public health disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. The disease is a significant health  concern in underdeveloped and most developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa (including Nigeria). The study was aimed at  determining the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with typhoid fever among febrile patients attending three selected hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria. A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 406 febrile patients suspected of typhoid  fever aged 1-70 years (mean age 34 years) in three selected health facilities of Kebbi State, Nigeria from February2021 to October, 2021.  Approximately 20 ml and 10 ml of venous blood was collected from adults and children respectively. Blood culture and biochemical tests were carried out. Patients were administered structured questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice toward the  disease. Data obtained from respondents was analysed by descriptive statistics. In this study, the culture identified Salmonella Typhi  prevalence of typhoid fever among febrile study subjects in Kebbi State was 6.4%. A higher prevalence was recorded among males (7.5%) than in females (5.0%) participants. Patients within the age range of 11- 20 years had the highest prevalence (14.8%), those with informal  education recorded 11.2%. It was observed that rural area dwellers had higher prevalence (9.4%). Out of 26 isolates, 25 were susceptible  to cefotaxime, 11 isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate antibiotics. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is an  important and common cause of febrile illness in our population. Lack of good quality drinking water in rural areas has a greater impact  on the burden of typhoid fever among study participants. Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin therapy are suitable treatments for typhoid fever.  The identification of sociodemographic characteristics associated with the disease are of great importance in providing holistic  preventive approach and control strategies of the disease. ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"82 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Energy Conservation through an Adapted Probabilistic Scheduler for Timely Data Exchange in Local Mobile Cloud","authors":"Muhammad Musa, B. Modi","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile Cloud Computing has emerged as a pivotal technology, enabling mobile devices to harness external resources for hosting  applications and significantly reducing latency. Recent research introduces the concept of a 'local mobile cloud,' formed by proximate  mobile devices, to offload complex real-time applications to nearby devices, which minimizes energy requirement, and communication latency. This research introduces a more efficient task scheduling algorithm that is based on probabilistic task scheduling technique. This  moves computations from multiple source nodes to closer processing nodes. A simulation model for local mobile clouds using OMNET++,  is used for assessing the performance of the task scheduling algorithm. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the task scheduler with  alternative scheduling schemes was conducted to evaluate performance in terms of the energy consumption, and process completion  time. The outcome of the study showed that the probabilistic task scheduling technique improved the computing time and further  conserved the energy resource requirement.  ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paddy Rice (Oryza sativum) Production and Processing in Nigeria: A Review","authors":"Mustapha Hauwa Musa, Jude Kelechi Agomuo, M. Dandago, Kazeem Sogunle Atanda, Danbaba Nahemiah, Amon Terpase","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i1b.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i1b.28","url":null,"abstract":"Rice stands as a crucial staple in Nigeria, where its substantial population renders the country and the region as the largest rice  consumers. The demand for rice has surged in recent times, transforming it into both a vital food supply chain and cash commodity crop  for the developing world. Virtually ubiquitous applied in daily food menu’ of Nigerian diet, the high demand for milled rice in Nigeria is significantly increasing with the increasing population which was estimated at 5.2 million tonnes with an average national production of  3.3 million metric tonnes. These results showed a supply and demand gap average of 1.9 million metric tonnes which necessitating rice  imports. While rice processing capacity in Nigeria reaches 2.8 million metric tonnes for paddy rice annually, which covers half of the annual requirement, survey indicates that quality of domestically processed rice is inferior to imported varieties, marked by broken rice,  foreign matters, stones, dirt and debris. This led to diminished quality interest in local rice preferring the imported with international  quality. An uncompetitive standing of domestic rice both local and global markets present a significant challenge to rice production in  Nigerian industries. Consequently, this review aims to assess paddy rice production, processing, consumption, as well as postharvest  handling and storage methods in Nigeria. The full mechanization of riceprocessing operations is advocated to reduce paddy rice handling  time and minimize deterioration, a key factor contributing to subpar milled-rice quality. It is imperative for both the private and  public sectors to intensify efforts toward local rice production to meet citizens' demands. Urgent investments into the production  machinery, methods of processing, infrastructure and the policies set by the Nigerian Government and its agencies in rice processing  chain are necessary to enhance the quality of processing paddy rice, which will ultimately elevate the quality of domestic rice products. ","PeriodicalId":479620,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}