Determination Of Heavy Metals and Radon Concentration in Soil and Water Samples from Wadi-B Jere Oil Exploration Sites in Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI:10.4314/dujopas.v10i1c.31

A. Yakubu, T.H. Darma, U. M. Dankawu, A.L. Kareema, A.A. Danfiyau, A. Muhammed, A. Shamsuddeen, A.R. Usman, Y. Hannafi, M.I. Bukar, F. Kachallah

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Abstract

Radon gas and heavy metals are two significant risk factors that can cause lung cancer. Wadi B, a locality in Jere local government of Borno state, is an area where oil exploration is underway. There is a potential health risk of contamination of the drinking water and soil samples in the area. To investigate radon concentration and heavy metal contamination, several samples of water from wells and boreholes, as well as soil samples, were collected for analysis. The analysis was conducted using liquid scintillation (LSC) and atomic absorption spectrometry. The result of radioactivity analysis using LSC shows that water samples have varying levels of radon concentration ranging from 17.77 Bql-1 to 22.50Bql-1 which exceeded the maximum contaminant levels of 11.1Bq/L set by the USEPA 1999 and the world average value of 10Bq/L set by the World Health Organisation (WHO 2004). The mean annual effective cancer risk of radon intake varied across sampling points, ranging from 0.164, 0.246, 0.287 to 0.130, 0.218, and 0.227 for adults, children, and infants, respectively, with mean values of 0.146, 0.219, and 0.255. The mean values of excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) associated with radon inhalation and ingestion for adults, children, and infants were 0.0005110, 0.0007660, and 0.0008930, respectively. Moreover, elevated conductivity and total dissolved solids in water samples suggest potential contamination, exceeding the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization. On the other hand, Heavy metals analysis shows a mean value of ELCR 0.125009 for adults and 0.000063 for infants. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations in soil samples exceeded permissible limits for all metals except chromium and lead, with the order of concentration being Cr < Cd < Pb < Cu < Zn. These findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and remediation efforts to mitigate environmental and health risks in Wadi B

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尼日利亚东北部迈杜古里 Wadi-B Jere 石油勘探区土壤和水样中重金属和氡浓度的测定

氡气和重金属是导致肺癌的两个重要风险因素。博尔诺州杰雷地方政府的 Wadi B 是一个正在进行石油勘探的地区。该地区的饮用水和土壤样本存在潜在的健康风险。为了调查氡浓度和重金属污染情况，我们从水井和钻孔中采集了一些水样和土壤样本进行分析。分析采用了液体闪烁（LSC）和原子吸收光谱法。使用液体闪烁（LSC）进行放射性分析的结果表明，水样中的氡浓度从 17.77Bql-1 到 22.50Bql-1 不等，超过了美国环保局（USEPA）1999 年规定的 11.1Bq/L 的最高污染物含量和世界卫生组织（WHO，2004 年）规定的 10Bq/L 的世界平均值。不同采样点的氡摄入量的年有效致癌风险平均值各不相同，成人、儿童和婴儿分别为 0.164、0.246、0.287 至 0.130、0.218 和 0.227，平均值分别为 0.146、0.219 和 0.255。成人、儿童和婴儿吸入和摄入氡气导致的终生致癌风险平均值分别为 0.0005110、0.0007660 和 0.0008930。此外，水样中电导率和总溶解固体的升高表明可能存在污染，超过了世界卫生组织建议的限值。另一方面，重金属分析显示，成人的 ELCR 平均值为 0.125009，婴儿的 ELCR 平均值为 0.000063。结果显示，除铬和铅之外，土壤样本中所有金属的重金属浓度都超过了允许限值，其浓度顺序为铬 < 镉 < 铅 < 铜 < 锌。这些发现突出表明，有必要持续开展监测和补救工作，以减轻 Wadi B 的环境和健康风险。

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Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

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