Democratization最新文献

{"title":"The Plot to Save South Africa: The Week Mandela Averted Civil War and Forged a New NationThe Plot to Save South Africa: The Week Mandela Averted Civil War and Forged a New Nation by Justice Malala, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2023, 335 pp., $28.99, ISBN 987-1-9821-4973-4","authors":"Jody Metcalfe","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2275705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2275705","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Plot to Save South Africa: The Week Mandela Averted Civil War and Forged a New Nation.\" Democratization, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"39 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135680077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Democracy and lived poverty in Africa","authors":"Elizabeth Carlson, Kristin McKie","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2273874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2273874","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPast research on the relationship between democracy and poverty in Africa has produced surprisingly mixed findings. We argue that one source of variation is in the measures of democracy and poverty used by prior studies, which capture different concepts and contain different amounts of error. Using measures that map closely onto theory and which are directly comparable across countries, we show that electoral democracy is robustly correlated with small-but-significant reductions in lived poverty over time. We provide additional quantitative and case study evidence that accountability encourages governments to take swift action on poverty. Finally, we show that our results are sensitive to measurement choices, helping to explain null results in prior literature. Altogether our results suggest that empowering the poor in Africa will ultimately lead to meaningful reductions in poverty.KEYWORDS: Africapovertydemocracyaccountabilityanti-poverty programmesAfrobarometer Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Harding and Stasavage, “What Democracy Does.”2 Carlson, “The Relevance of Relative Distribution.”3 Keefer, “Clientelism, Credibility and the Policy Choices of Young Democracies.”4 Arriola, “Capital and Opposition in Africa.”5 We intentionally omit a large number of studies that use at their dependent variable either public goods provision or objective proxies of poverty such as night lights. Most of these studies come to the conclusion that democracy reduces poverty. We exclude them primarily because our discussion of survey-based measures does not speak to them or their validity.6 Lake and Baum, “The Invisible Hand of Democracy.”7 Zweigel and Navia, “Democracy, Dictatorship and Infant Mortality.”8 Ross, “Is Democracy Good for the Poor?”9 Garcia, “Democracy is Good for the Poor.”10 Rosenberg, “Political Economy of Infant Mortality.”11 Tebaldi and Mohan, “Institiutions and Poverty.”12 Djeneba, “The Quest for Pro-poor and Inclusive Growth.”13 Saha, “Legislative Democracy, Economic Growth and Multidimensional Poverty.”14 Khodaverian, “The African Tragedy.”15 Ramos, Flores, and Ross, “Where has Democracy Helped the Poor?”16 Wullert and Williamson, “Democracy, Hybrid Regimes, and Infant Mortality.”17 Such as Bueno de Mesquita, et al., The Logic of Political Survival or Siegle, Weinstein, and Halperin, “Why Democracies Excel.”18 Dahl, Polyarchy.19 Vaccaro, “Comparing Measures of Democracy”; Casper and Tufis, “Correlation versus Interchangeability.”20 Beegle et al., “Methods of Household Consumption Measurement.”21 Kudamatsu, “Has Democratization Reduced Infant Mortality.”22 For Round 5, which we use as a control for Round 6, we generate this measure ourselves by averaging the five component measures. In Rounds 6–8, this calculation is already done and reported with the rest of the data.23 We lag democracy one year to ensure any changes in democracy occurred before poverty was measured.24 These va","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"42 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135681290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parties, political finance, and governance in Africa: extracting money and shaping states in Benin and Ghana <b>Parties, political finance, and governance in Africa: extracting money and shaping states in Benin and Ghana</b> , by Rachel Sigman, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2023, 310 pp., index, $110(paperback), ISBN 978-1-009-26283-5","authors":"Sophie Sunderland","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2277874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2277874","url":null,"abstract":"\"Parties, political finance, and governance in Africa: extracting money and shaping states in Benin and Ghana.\" Democratization, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"4 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135683880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routledge handbook of EU-Middle East relations <b>Routledge handbook of EU-Middle East relations</b> , edited by Dimitris Bouris, Daniela Huber and Michelle Pace, New York, Routledge Taylor and Francis Publishing Group2021, 508+vi pp. Paperback£34.39, Hardback£164.00, eBook£34.39, ISBN: 9781032132167","authors":"Muhammad Asad Latif","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2272381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2272381","url":null,"abstract":"\"Routledge handbook of EU-Middle East relations.\" Democratization, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"10 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contestation of international ties and regime transitions: evidence from the former Soviet republics","authors":"Woojeong Jang","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2262939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2262939","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of noncooperative transitions find that domestic balances of power shaped postcommunist regime trajectories in favor of the powerful. Then, what determined the balance of power during a transition? Drawing on relational-network analysis in IR, I argue that the configuration of international ties determined the relative strength of democrats and Soviet-era elites. States with diversified ties between the US and the Soviet Union - that occupy a brokerage position- were more likely to democratize. Their ties with the US funneled material and non-material assistance into democrats in postcommunist states. However, states deeply integrated into the Soviet order resisted democratization to a greater extent. Their extensive ties to the Soviet order resulted in stronger Sovietization and Soviet legacies impeding democratization. The interplay of states' ties with the US and the Soviet Union, as a function of brokerage and integration, shaped the domestic balance of power, conditioning postcommunist political changes. Empirical analysis using medium-N analysis and case studies on the former Soviet Union republics lends support to the argument. The finding contributes to the literature on international determinants of regime changes by highlighting how underlying global power structures frame the domestic balance of power.","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"48 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling temporal dynamics: does internet use fuel anti-government protests?","authors":"Daria Kuznetsova, Caroline Tolbert","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2268019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2268019","url":null,"abstract":"The past three decades have witnessed a rapid global uptake of digital media. Does an increase in internet access lead to more anti-government protests globally, in both democracies and non-democracies? Has the role of the internet changed over time from benefiting the opposition to benefiting the regime? We use time-series cross-national data and negative binomial regressions to model protest data in 151 countries from 1990 to 2020. By leveraging change in the development of digital information globally, the results show that increases in internet penetration and mobile cellular subscription rates increase the number of anti-government protests in non-democracies in the period from 1990 to 2010, but not among a subsample of democracies. After 2010, increases in internet penetration rates did not affect the number of protests in either democracies or non-democracies. The use of cellular internet continues to have a small positive effect on protest frequency after 2010. We also test the government's internet censorship efforts as a mechanism for decreasing information access and diminishing mobilization. Results suggest authoritarian regimes modified their strategies over time, more effectively using information and communications technologies (ICTs) to quell anti-government protests using digital repression and information control consistent with the theory of informational autocracy.","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"55 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Born with a silver spoon? Modes of transitions and democratic survival","authors":"Huang-Ting Yan","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2271842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2271842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study examines why regime survival rates vary across young democracies. The literature offers competing claims regarding the effect of the mode of transition on the duration of post-transitional democracy. This study reconciles these claims by proposing three modes of democratic transitions – military dominance (MD), popular sanction (PS), and consensual power transfer (CPT) – arguing that CPT leads the subsequent democracies to last longer than MD and PS. MD fails to incorporate the military into democratic systems, making it more likely for the ensuing democracies to suffer a coup, whereas PS enables regime insiders to change democratic rules without hindrance or outsiders to gain power through an organized armed conflict. CPT shapes a strong electoral performance by authoritarian successor parties, which provide checks and balances in post-authoritarian politics, thus decreasing the likelihood of collapse. This study verifies these hypotheses using data on nascent democracies between 1945 and 2022.KEYWORDS: authoritarian successor partiesdemocratic survivaldemocratic transitionsmilitarypower transfer AcknowledgementsI am grateful all the comments I have received on previous versions of this article. Particular thanks go to Dr. Sebastian Ziaja (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences), Dr. Alexander Baturo (School of Law and Government, Dublin City University), Prof. Carl Henrik Knutsen (Department of Political Science, University of Oslo), and to all the participants at the 9th European Political Science Association (EPSA) Annual General Conference.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the author on reasonable request.Notes1 O’Donnell and Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 6.2 Albertus and Menaldo, Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins; Haggard and Kaufman, Dictators and Democrats; Karl and Schmitter, “Modes of Transition”; McFaul, “The Fourth Wave”; Mainwaring, Transitions to Democracy; Munck and Leff, “Modes of Transition”; Stepan, “Paths Toward Redemocratization”; Stradiotto and Guo, “Transitional Modes of Democratization.”3 Albertus and Menaldo, Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins; Haggard and Kaufman, Dictators and Democrats; Karl and Schmitter, “Modes of Transition”; McFaul, “The Fourth Wave”; Mainwaring, Transitions to Democracy; Munck and Leff, “Modes of Transition”; Stepan, “Paths Toward Redemocratization”; Stradiotto and Guo, “Transitional Modes of Democratization.”4 Marinov and Goemans, “Coups and Democracy”; Thyne and Powell, “Coup D'état.”5 Derpanopoulos et al., “Are Coups Good for Democracy?”6 Maeda, “Two Modes of Democratic Breakdown”; Tomini and Wagemann, “Varieties of Contemporary Democratic Breakdown.”7 Grzymala-Busse, Redeeming the Communist Past; Grzymala-Busse, “Authoritarian Determinants”; Ishiyama and Quinn, “African Phoenix”; Langst","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"103 1-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-authoritarian imaginaries and the politics of resistance against facial recognition technology in the US and European Union*","authors":"Hendrik Schopmans, İrem Tuncer Ebetürk","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2258803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2258803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"30 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How opposition parties unite in competitive authoritarian regimes: the role of an intermediary party","authors":"Pelin Ayan Musil","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2260762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2260762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"67 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining the failure of legislative agency in patronal divided executives: deputy meaning making and its impact on legislative quality in Kyrgyzstan 2010–2020","authors":"Rico Isaacs","doi":"10.1080/13510347.2023.2270423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2270423","url":null,"abstract":"In divided-executive patronal systems, legislatures have been sites of resistance to the centralization of power in a single patronal pyramid. Kyrgyzstan is an anomaly among divided-executive patronal systems when between 2010 to 2020, the Kyrgyz parliament was neither a site of opposition nor did it demonstrate legislative agency vis-à-vis the executive. Instead, following another uprising in 2020, a unified single patronal pyramid was re-established. Adopting an approach rooted in the semiotics of meaning making and drawing on a dataset of interviews with parliamentary deputies and a range of documentary sources, this article complements existing institutional approaches to explaining weak legislative agency by revealing a series of dialogical relationships between deputy meaning making and broader institutional and cultural constraints which shaped the Kyrgyz’s parliament’s overall quality and strength. These relationships pertain to legislative initiative, the protection of private interests and representation, with the interplay between the ascribed meaning and its constitution within broader institutional and cultural context contributing to the diminishment of legislative agency vis-à-vis the presidency. Kyrgyzstan illustrates the value of meaning making as an approach to understanding legislative-executive relations in non-democratic contexts, and its impact in conjunction with cultural and institutional constraints in shaping legislative agency.","PeriodicalId":47953,"journal":{"name":"Democratization","volume":"18 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}