Cognition and Instruction最新文献

{"title":"Working Memory Capacity and the Development of Quantitative Central Conceptual Structures","authors":"S. Morra, E. Bisagno, S. Caviola, C. Delfante, I. Mammarella","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1636797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1636797","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reconsiders Case’s theory of central conceptual structures (CCS), examining the relation between working memory and the acquisition of quantitative CCS. The lead hypothesis is that the development of working memory capacity shapes the development of quantitative concepts (whole and rational numbers). Study I, with 779 children from preschool to grade 5, validated a measure of the whole number CCS and found that children’s understanding of whole number advances by one developmental level per additional unit of working memory capacity. Study II, with 92 sixth- and seventh-graders, found that a test of the rational number CCS was predicted by working memory capacity and, to a lesser extent, by intrusion errors in the listening span. We also identified 2 subsets of items that demand a capacity of 4 or 5 units, respectively. Overall, the results support Case’s CCS theory and clarify the role of working memory in the acquisition of numerical concepts. The relevance of these results in relation to the current debate is discussed, with extensive connections to other current theories of whole or rational number comprehension.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"483 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1636797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47645220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Historical Analysis and Argumentation (AHAA): A New Measure of Document-Based Historical Thinking","authors":"Abby Reisman, Emily Brimsek, Claire Hollywood","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1632861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1632861","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A troubling gap exists between the current state of history assessment and the knowledge and skills deemed essential for students to thrive in the 21st century. We propose a new assessment of historical thinking that represents a promising alignment with extant cognitive research, as well as with the practices that undergird the discipline. In this article, we discuss the design of the Assessment of Historical Analysis and Argumentation (AHAA), as well as the accompanying scoring rubric, and report findings from our administration of multiple forms of the exam with secondary students (N = 618). Evidence indicates that the exam captured student historical thinking about documents and that the items prompted students to construct a cognitive representation of intertextual reasoning. Given the dearth of assessments that capture student historical thinking about documents and their understanding of content, we believe the AHAA has the potential to be an important instructional resource.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"534 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1632861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplifying and Attenuating Inequity in Collaborative Learning: Toward an Analytical Framework","authors":"Niral Shah, Colleen M. Lewis","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1631825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1631825","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on collaborative learning has focused on its potential to foster successful problem solving. Less attention, though, has been given to issues of equity. In this article, we investigate how inequity can become amplified and attenuated within collaborative learning through small interactional moves that accumulate to produce broader patterns of equity or inequity. Our theoretical perspective utilizes Boaler’s notion of relational equity and introduces what we term participatory equity. Research was conducted in a computer science course co-taught by the authors and taken by upper-elementary students. Data sources include audio recordings of students’ collaborative interactions, ethnographic field notes, student work, and student surveys. This article focuses on a single student, Jason, and his dyadic interactions, and builds upon our previous analyses of his interactions with four higher-performing partners. Findings reveal how the interplay between classroom structures and student enactments shaped two types of inequity during collaborative learning. We conclude by discussing implications for theorizing and analyzing equity and inequity, as well as pedagogical considerations for structuring collaborative learning to attenuate inequity.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"423 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1631825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48278717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Read Me Last: Constructing a Scholarly Catchment Through a Black Feminist Reading","authors":"Maisie L. Gholson","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1624551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624551","url":null,"abstract":"In this commentary, I highlight the importance of my role, your role, our role in engaging this special issue, “STEM Learning: For Whom and Toward what ends?,” as researchers, scholars, and, above all, as readers in the learning sciences. The guest editors, Maxine McKinney de Royston and Tesha Sengupta-Irving, assert a forceful question that is unrelenting in its two parts. The question pushes us past the ubiquitous and high-minded mantra, STEM for all (see, for example, Martin, 2003) and beyond the purported and played-out purpose of participation and access to the political economy as the sole means for learning (see, for example, Bullock, 2017). I read the guest editors’ questions, following Philip, Bang, and Jackson (2018) and The Politics of Learning Writing Collective (2017), as a demand for politically-salient knowledge production within the learning sciences at this particular political moment and an acknowledgement of STEM learning as a particular oppressive context. Equally demanding, the special issue approaches this question not only with theoretical and philosophical imaginings of what STEM learning can be, but resolves the question through praxis, e.g., inside of the unruly reality of classrooms, the world wide web, community centers, and, in one case, the kitchen table. Each article seeks to manage this ambitious call teetering at great heights within microand mesocontexts of learning to answer the most pressing question for those of us within STEM and deeply concerned about the growing artifices of social inequality and environmental neglect in our local and global communities. How, then, might we read this special issue in a way that maintains a measure of scholarly and activist accountability to the field of learning sciences and, simultaneously, engenders the necessary support, i.e., scholarly catchment, so that these authors are not holding up an edifice of social imaginaries and radically liberatory futures in STEM learning on their own? Further, what are the challenges in reading as a scholarly catchment? Such a question is not a matter of reading generously but responsibly and inside of our humanity.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"414 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another Step Forward: Engaging the Political in Learning","authors":"Maxine McKinney de Royston, Tesha Sengupta-Irving","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1624552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624552","url":null,"abstract":"to highlight three ideas that this special issue draws on in engaging the political in learning: (a) the seamlessness of learning, society, and social change; (b) the absurdity of neutrality; and (c) the inseparability of disciplinary learning and social life. We then describe future anticipa-tions for engaging the political in learning and for the ongoing development of the learning sciences.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"277 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44024625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counter-Arguing During Curriculum-Supported Peer Interaction Facilitates Middle-School Students’ Science Content Knowledge","authors":"Antonia Larrain, P. Freire, Patricia López, V. Grau","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1627360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1627360","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Peer argumentation, especially the discussion of contrary points of view, has experimentally been found to be effective in promoting science content knowledge, but how this occurs is still unknown. The available explanations are insufficient because they do not account for the evidence showing that gains in content knowledge are unrelated to group outcomes and are still evident weeks after collaboration occurs. The aim of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between peer-group argumentation and science content knowledge learning. A total of 187 students (aged 10 to 11 years) from 8 classrooms participated in the study, with the classrooms spread across 8 public schools, all located in Santiago, Chile. We conducted a quasi-experimental study randomized at school-class level. Four teachers delivered science lessons following a teaching program especially developed to foster dialogic and argumentative classroom talk (the intervention group), and four teachers delivered lessons in their usual way (the control group). Students were assessed individually using both immediate and delayed post-test measures of science content knowledge. The results showed no differences in pre- to post-immediate content knowledge between conditions. However, the intervention-group students increased their content knowledge significantly more than the control-group students between post-immediate and post-delayed tests. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that, after controlling for school-level variables, time working in groups, and scores in the pretest, the formulation of counter arguments, although occurring in both groups, significantly predicted delayed gains in the intervention group only. Moreover, the frequency of counterarguments heard by students during the group work did not make a difference. Focal analysis of one small-group work suggests that teachers’ instructional practice may have contributed to the consolidation of students’ knowledge at an individual level in a post-collaborative phase.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"453 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1627360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44119400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storywork in STEM-Art: Making, Materiality and Robotics within Everyday Acts of Indigenous Presence and Resurgence","authors":"C. Tzou, Enrique Suárez, P. Bell, Don LaBonte, Elizabeth Starks, Megan Bang","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1624547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624547","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents findings from TechTales, a participatory design research (PDR) project where learning scientists, public library staff members, informal science educators, and staff members from Native-American-serving organizations collaborated to design a family-based robotics workshop that was grounded in storytelling. We approach this by engaging Indigenous ways of knowing and being from a sociocultural learning theory perspective. Through analyzing families-in-interaction as they constructed dioramas with robotics that told their family stories, we explore how cultivating consequential learning environments in STEM is intimately intertwined with historicity, knowledge systems, and the agentic positioning of learners to design new technologies. We find that using storywork as the design focus of building dioramas created learning environments where computer programing and robotics became dynamic tools toward family-making, collaboration, and the active presencing of Indigenous knowledge systems and cultural practices. Living and interrelating with story and its knowledge systems through making were enactments of Indigenous resurgence in everyday ways. From a structure of social practices perspective, this opens up learning spaces for engagement in STEM-Art practices and in relation to other social practices of consequence, such as cultural flourishing and affiliation, collaboration and family-making, and societal repositioning.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"306 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48335960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Troubling Troubled Waters in Elementary Science Education: Politics, Ethics & Black Children’s Conceptions of Water [Justice] in the Era of Flint","authors":"Natalie R. Davis, J. Schaeffer","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1624548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624548","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study of water as a K–12 science idea often divorces its properties from its deeply politicized history as a resource that has been limited, compromised, and intentionally withheld from nondominant communities. Although a robust body of scholarship has aptly critiqued decontextualized and depoliticized pedagogies and called for critical science-learning environments designed through the lens of equity, historicity, and power, more insight is needed into how children develop in relation to these design imperatives and within sociopolitical contexts where environmental issues pose a direct threat. We report select findings from a 2-year ethnographic project that investigated Black student agency in a school with a place-based design. Specifically, we hone in on the themes of water and water justice, which inspired the development of a socio-scientific unit enacted in two 4th-/5th-grade classrooms. This unit coincided with the initial spike in public awareness around the still unresolved water crisis in Flint, MI. For this article, we situate the “Flint” module as an illustrative case of justice-centered science pedagogy and analyze Black students’ disciplinary, affective, and sociopolitical understandings. We found that children’s meaning-making shifted from individualized accounts to critical, systemic explanations of environmental justice issues. The saliency of children's affective understandings throughout the unit was also captured. We expound on these findings and conclude with a discussion of implications, particularly as it relates to the ethics and politics of developing critical scientific capacity in young children to confront lived environmental human rights issues.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"367 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44088269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning in Community for STEM Undergraduates: Connecting a Learning Sciences and a Learning Humanities Approach in Higher Education","authors":"Leslie R. Herrenkohl, Jiyoung Lee, Fan Kong, Susie Nakamura, Kimia Imani, Kari Nasu, A. Hartman, Benjamin Pennant, Elisa T. Tran, Everet Wang, Noushyar Panahpour Eslami, Daniel Whittlesey, David Whittlesey, T. Huynh, Allen Jung, Chris Batalon, A. Bell, Katie Headrick Taylor","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1624549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous research demonstrates that social and interpersonal factors, more than academic preparation, affect decisions by under-represented students to stay in or to leave STEM fields. Yet, much of the theorizing about STEM learning in higher education begins with conceptual and epistemological dimensions. We make the case for a new theoretical framework, a learning humanities, that begins with relationships. From this relational starting point, we locate STEM knowers as actors in relationships who become answerable for their STEM knowledge and take wise actions from this place. We then use this framework to analyze learning for STEM undergraduates involved in the STUDIO: Build Our World program, an afterschool mentoring program for low-income, immigrant, and refugee youth of color. Drawing on narrative and ethnographic analyses of data from 12 focal mentors, we found that mentors developed 3 focal practices identified by Edwards, relational expertise, common knowledge, and relational agency through their efforts to create the best possible program for youth. This built mentors’ sense of answerability and a capacity for wise action within and outside of STUDIO. We argue that this theoretical stance provides new ways to conceptualize the nature, purpose, and outcomes of STEM learning for historically non-dominant STEM undergraduates’ learning.","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"327 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Restorying of STEM Learning Through the Lens of Multiples","authors":"Jrène Rahm","doi":"10.1080/07370008.2019.1624550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624550","url":null,"abstract":"What is behind the current narrative “more STEM in schools and societies” that this special issue aims to address? If, indeed, we are committed to more STEM in schools and societies, what does this...","PeriodicalId":47945,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Instruction","volume":"37 1","pages":"408 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07370008.2019.1624550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43127212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}