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Reproduce to validate: A comprehensive study on the reproducibility of economics research 再现验证：关于经济学研究再现性的综合研究
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12728
Sylvérie Herbert, Hautahi Kingi, Flavio Stanchi, Lars Vilhuber
{"title":"Reproduce to validate: A comprehensive study on the reproducibility of economics research","authors":"Sylvérie Herbert,&nbsp;Hautahi Kingi,&nbsp;Flavio Stanchi,&nbsp;Lars Vilhuber","doi":"10.1111/caje.12728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12728","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Journals have pushed for transparency of research through data availability policies. Such data policies improve availability of data and code, but what is the impact on reproducibility? We present results from a large reproduction exercise for articles published in the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, which has had a data availability policy since its inception in 2009. Out of 363 published articles, we assessed 274 articles. All articles provided some materials. We excluded 122 articles that required confidential or proprietary data or that required the replicator to otherwise obtain the data (44.5% of assessed articles). We attempted to reproduce 152 articles and were able to fully reproduce the results of 68 (44.7% of attempted reproductions). A further 66 (43.4% of attempted reproductions) were partially reproduced. Many articles required complex code changes even when at least partially reproduced. We collect bibliometric characteristics of authors, but find no evidence for author characteristics as determinants of reproducibility. There does not appear to be a citation bonus for reproducibility. The data availability policy of this journal was effective to ensure availability of materials, but is insufficient to ensure reproduction without additional work by replicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"961-988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Explaining bitcoin ownership in Canada: Trends from 2016 to 2021 解释加拿大的比特币所有权：2016年至2021年的趋势
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12724
Daniela Balutel, Walter Engert, Christopher S. Henry, Kim P. Huynh, Marcel Voia
{"title":"Explaining bitcoin ownership in Canada: Trends from 2016 to 2021","authors":"Daniela Balutel,&nbsp;Walter Engert,&nbsp;Christopher S. Henry,&nbsp;Kim P. Huynh,&nbsp;Marcel Voia","doi":"10.1111/caje.12724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12724","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the dynamics of bitcoin ownership from 2016 to 2021, using the Bank of Canada's Bitcoin Omnibus Surveys. The estimated rate of bitcoin ownership jumped to 13% in 2021, up from the 5% observed in the previous three years. On one hand, this increase reflected broader economic trends related to increased savings and investment of Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with financial technology companies providing accessible and user-friendly platforms for buying bitcoin. Looking deeper, we use econometric models to quantify several specific ways in which bitcoin became more mainstream as an investment in 2021. Finally, we investigate the high cash holdings of bitcoin owners across time.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"777-798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gravity for cross-border licensing and the impact of deep trade agreements: Theory and evidence 跨境许可的引力和深度贸易协定的影响：理论与证据
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12731
Naoto Jinji, Yukiko Sawada, Xingyuan Zhang, Shoji Haruna
{"title":"Gravity for cross-border licensing and the impact of deep trade agreements: Theory and evidence","authors":"Naoto Jinji,&nbsp;Yukiko Sawada,&nbsp;Xingyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Shoji Haruna","doi":"10.1111/caje.12731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12731","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine whether deep regional trade agreements facilitate cross-border licensing. A micro-founded gravity equation for each supply mode is derived from a model in which heterogeneous firms choose to supply their goods to foreign markets through export, foreign direct investment or licensing. We present several comparative statics results regarding the effects of changes in the fixed costs of serving the destination country, the freeness of trade, and the strength of intellectual property rights protection on bilateral flows of licensing revenues. We then empirically test our theoretical predictions using data on the cross-border flows of royalties and licence fees for 49 countries in the period 1995–2012. In addition to variables that capture the impact of shallow and deep regional trade agreements, we construct dummy variables that represent subcategories of IP rights-related provisions. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that improved access to the destination market through a deep regional trade agreement and stronger IP rights protection through a regional trade agreement with legally enforceable IP rights and technology-related provisions increase bilateral flows of licensing revenues. Among IP rights-related provisions, the accession to or ratification of existing international IP agreements and the protection of trademarks, patents, or industrial designs are important for facilitating cross-border licensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"836-869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/caje.12731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-plant firms and the heavy tail of firm size distribution 多工厂企业和企业规模分布的重尾
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12732
Anindya S. Chakrabarti, Shekhar Tomar
{"title":"Multi-plant firms and the heavy tail of firm size distribution","authors":"Anindya S. Chakrabarti,&nbsp;Shekhar Tomar","doi":"10.1111/caje.12732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/caje.12732","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The right tail of the firm size distribution has a heavy tail. The origin of this phenomenon, especially the specific characteristics of firms driving this pattern, remain a subject of extensive debate. Previous work has shown that plant size distribution has thinner tails than firm size distribution, indicating the role of multi-plant firms. However, we do not know whether this phenomenon is simply a mechanical effect arising from aggregation across multiple plants or whether the plants of multi-plant firms are different from those of single-plant firms. Using novel data with plant-to-firm mapping, we document that plants of multi-plant firms are more heavy-tailed than single-plant firms, indicating the dominance of the selection effect at the intensive margin. Extensive margin via aggregation of sales at the firm level plays a less crucial role than the selection effect. Importantly, single-plant exporters have a thinner tail than multi-plant non-exporters, suggesting a more dominant role of multi-plant identity than export identity in explaining heavy tails.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"1028-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
China's declining business dynamism 中国企业活力下降
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12726
Diego A. Cerdeiro, Cian Ruane
{"title":"China's declining business dynamism","authors":"Diego A. Cerdeiro,&nbsp;Cian Ruane","doi":"10.1111/caje.12726","DOIUrl":"10.1111/caje.12726","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We document five novel facts about the dynamism of Chinese manufacturing firms between 2003 and 2018. We show that: (i) the revenue and capital shares of young firms have declined, (ii) life-cycle growth of firm revenues and assets has declined, (iii) life-cycle growth of process efficiency / product quality and investment in intangibles has declined (iv) younger firms have higher capital productivity than older firms, with the gap increasing over time, and (v) the dispersion of capital growth and the responsiveness of capital growth to capital productivity have both declined. Using a simple model, we estimate that the lower life-cycle productivity growth of young firms reduces manufacturing productivity growth by 0.8 percentage points annually, and worsening allocative efficiency of capital between young and old firms reduced manufacturing total factor productivity by 1.25% between the early 2000s and late 2010s. We find that business dynamism is weaker in provinces where state-owned enterprises account for a larger share of the capital stock.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"726-752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technology market, product market and aggregate innovation 技术市场、产品市场和总体创新
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12727
Shiyun Xia
{"title":"Technology market, product market and aggregate innovation","authors":"Shiyun Xia","doi":"10.1111/caje.12727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/caje.12727","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the growth maximization mix for intellectual property rights (IPR) in an economy in which incumbents and outside inventors endogenously choose how to develop inventions and commercialization strategies, both of which determine the innovation rate. Outside inventors can choose to commercialize their inventions by (i) launching a new product or (ii) selling to incumbents. I find that if inventors all sell on the technology market, then protecting inventors' patents from imitation by firms raises aggregate innovation. If, instead, all inventors enter the product market, the IPR policy that regulates the ability of incumbents' patents to block the entry of improved products faces a trade-off between innovation from existing firms and inventors, which leads to a single-peaked relationship between economic growth and the blocking strength. When both commercialization strategies are chosen, a balanced IPR policy can raise aggregate innovation by encouraging inventors to choose the more efficient commercialization method.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"901-932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Family migration and structural transformation 家庭移民和结构转型
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12725
Huoqing Cao, Chaoran Chen, Xican Xi, Sharon Xuejing Zuo
{"title":"Family migration and structural transformation","authors":"Huoqing Cao,&nbsp;Chaoran Chen,&nbsp;Xican Xi,&nbsp;Sharon Xuejing Zuo","doi":"10.1111/caje.12725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12725","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper integrates the migration decisions of married couples into a multi-sector spatial model, investigating their impact on structural transformation, productivity and gender wage gap. Focusing on China, a country characterized by a higher share of agricultural employment and a lower share in services compared with countries with similar income, we uncover a significant gender gap in migration costs among rural married couples. Furthermore, while migration costs have decreased for all demographic groups from 2000 to 2010, the decline was least pronounced for married couples when both partners left agriculture. We find that reducing migration costs for married couples who migrate together would lead to a decline in agricultural employment, a rise in service sector employment, an increase in aggregate productivity and a narrowing of the gender wage gap. Eliminating the gender differences in migration costs would also increase service sector employment and reduce the gender wage gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"753-776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/caje.12725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Occupational choice, human capital and financial constraints 职业选择、人力资本和财务限制
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12721
Rui Castro, Pavel Ševčík
{"title":"Occupational choice, human capital and financial constraints","authors":"Rui Castro,&nbsp;Pavel Ševčík","doi":"10.1111/caje.12721","DOIUrl":"10.1111/caje.12721","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the aggregate productivity effects of firm-level financial frictions. Credit constraints affect not only production decisions but also household-level schooling decisions. In turn, entrepreneurial schooling decisions impact firm-level productivities, whose cross-sectional distribution becomes endogenous. In anticipation of future constraints, entrepreneurs underinvest in schooling early in life. Frictions lower aggregate productivity because talent is misallocated across occupations and capital is misallocated across firms. Firm-level productivities are also lower due to schooling distortions. These effects combined account for between 36% and 68% of the US–India aggregate productivity difference. Schooling distortions are the major source of aggregate productivity differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"674-703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/caje.12721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bilateralism vs. multilateralism: Role of political economy for the prospect of multilateral free trade 双边主义与多边主义：政治经济学对多边自由贸易前景的作用
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12723
Eric Conglin Chi, Halis Murat Yildiz
{"title":"Bilateralism vs. multilateralism: Role of political economy for the prospect of multilateral free trade","authors":"Eric Conglin Chi,&nbsp;Halis Murat Yildiz","doi":"10.1111/caje.12723","DOIUrl":"10.1111/caje.12723","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we use a unified framework of competing exporters and competing importers models where political biases in both exporting and import-competing sectors influence governments' decisions in trade agreement formation and external tariff setting. Using an endogenous trade agreement formation model, we show that the relative strength of political biases in import-competing and exporting sectors are pivotal in determining the free-riding incentives, exclusion incentives and whether the ability to form free trade areas acts as building or stumbling blocks towards multilateral free trade. When the political biases toward exporting and import-competing sectors are sufficiently weak, the ability to form free trade agreements acts as strong building blocks toward free trade. However, when the political bias towards exporting sectors is at the intermediate range and political bias towards import-competing sectors is sufficiently strong, the ability to form free trade agreements acts as strong stumbling blocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"870-900"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The plant-level view of Korea's growth miracle and slowdown 从工厂层面看韩国经济增长的奇迹与放缓
IF 1.3 4区 经济学
Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/caje.12719
Munseob Lee, Yongseok Shin
{"title":"The plant-level view of Korea's growth miracle and slowdown","authors":"Munseob Lee,&nbsp;Yongseok Shin","doi":"10.1111/caje.12719","DOIUrl":"10.1111/caje.12719","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyze the evolution of the plant size distribution, static allocative efficiency and business dynamism of the Korean manufacturing sector during its growth miracle (1967–2000) and the subsequent slowdown since 2000. The average plant size has an inverse-U pattern over time, with a peak in the late 1970s. The measure of static misallocation decreases modestly until 1983 but increases substantially afterwards. These results are at odds with what one may extrapolate from the existing cross-country evidence on the positive relationship between plant size and economic development or the negative one between static misallocation and development. We also find that the growth rate of manufacturing productivity is not systematically correlated with either the level or the rate of change of the average plant size or static misallocation. On the other hand, business dynamism, measured by either churning or responsiveness to shocks, diminished significantly since 2000, coinciding with the decline in the growth rate of manufacturing productivity. Our findings call for more systematic research on how economic performance correlates with establishment/firm size distribution and with static and dynamic allocative efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":47941,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Economics-Revue Canadienne D Economique","volume":"57 3","pages":"704-725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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