Poetics最新文献

{"title":"Authenticity among distilleries: Signaling, transparency, and essence","authors":"J. Cameron Verhaal ,&nbsp;Glenn R. Carroll","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organizations benefit when they are perceived as authentic. Yet, explanations for this effect typically rely on context-specific attributions that can carry different meanings for different people. Here we develop some elements of a broader theory of authenticity. In sketching our theory, we draw from ideas about signaling and transparency in organization theory, and essentialism in psychology. Using signaling and transparency, we derive arguments implying that observable organizational features representing obviously costly investments convey a sense of authenticity. Using essentialism, we derive alternative counter-arguments that posit unobservable features associated with the intangible essence of a firm will generate perceptions of authenticity. We study distilled spirits producers across a multi-method program of empirical studies including wiki surveys, archival analyses, surveys and online experiments. In the empirical work, we find that producers who present profiles with clusters of observable backward vertical integration activities (including internal production systems) are more likely to be described as authentic by potential consumers. But we also find that individual observable features (e.g., internalized stills, farms) presented in isolation from other features do not consistently appear more salient to consumers than unobservable features (e.g., tradition and terroir). Because they carry multiple messages in varying modalities, profiles of clustered features may be more widely recognized and impactful in projecting authenticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47563796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application essays and the ritual production of merit in US selective admissions","authors":"Ben Gebre-Medhin ,&nbsp;Sonia Giebel ,&nbsp;A J Alvero ,&nbsp;anthony lising antonio ,&nbsp;Benjamin W. Domingue ,&nbsp;Mitchell L. Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>US colleges and universities are defined by their exclusivity, and the most prestigious schools reject most of those who apply. Yet these same schools also widely advertise their inclusiveness, encouraging students from all backgrounds to submit applications and highlighting evaluation protocols that identify many characteristics worthy of consideration for admission. We surface this paradox and use it as motivation to theorize a little studied component of college applications: personal essays. Drawing from cultural sociology, we posit that the commission and production of essays extolling applicant worth and worthiness is a ritual practice that instantiates an idea of merit that is broadly shared among those who submit applications to admissions-selective schools. We pursue this work empirically by observing essay prompt selections of 55,016 applicants to the University of California in 2016 and conducting human readings and statistical analyses of 3,519 unique essays. Results indicate that prompts and essays encompass a broad but bounded range of life challenges that selective schools and applicants consider meritorious. The entire process of application to selective US schools helps to reify a national faith in a broad and inclusive conception of merit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304422X22000821/pdfft?md5=ad7ac58f77a292692211fba964d9e3e1&pid=1-s2.0-S0304422X22000821-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46465852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbols of class: A computational analysis of class distinction-making through etiquette, 1922-2017","authors":"Andrea Voyer ,&nbsp;Zachary D. Kline ,&nbsp;Madison Danton","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social scientists of class and inequality have documented the rise of omnivorousness, informality, ordinariness, and emphasis on meritocracy. This apparent decline in class closure contrasts sharply with rising inequality and declining economic mobility. How are these competing developments reflected in everyday class distinction-making? In this article, we answer this question by applying Goffman's work on the symbols of class status to the analysis of unique data: a corpus of etiquette books published between 1922 and 2017. We use word embeddings to quantify the salience of six class concepts (affluence, cultivation, education, employment, morality, and status) in the corpus. We find that education and employment are increasingly salient while status, affluence, cultivation, and morality decline in their salience to class distinction-making. These results signal a decline of class operating as a status group through cultural closure, the rise of education and employment as the carriers of class in everyday life, and the corresponding legitimation of class position and class inequality based on supposedly meritocratic grounds. This research opens up new avenues for studies of class and the application of computational methods to investigations of social change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304422X22001164/pdfft?md5=17dce2da74796135765b54734a85fc7a&pid=1-s2.0-S0304422X22001164-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48413135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of narratives on attitudes toward animal welfare and pro-social behaviour on behalf of animals: Three pre-registered experiments","authors":"Aino Petterson ,&nbsp;Gregory Currie ,&nbsp;Stacie Friend ,&nbsp;Heather J Ferguson","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report three randomised and pre-registered experiments examining the effects of narrative fiction (<em>vs.</em> narrative non-fiction <em>vs.</em> expository non-fiction) on concern for animal welfare. In Experiment 1a (<em>N</em> = 363) there was no significant increase in concern for animal welfare or willingness to donate to an animal charity among participants who read a narrative fiction text about a monkey's plight (<em>vs.</em> narrative non-fiction or expository non-fiction texts about a monkey). In Experiment 1b (<em>N =</em>121) concern for animal welfare and willingness to donate was greater after reading the narrative fiction text compared to a narrative non-fiction text unrelated to animals. Experiment 2 (<em>N =</em>184) employed a simplified design and more severe depiction of animal abuse, but showed no beneficial effect of reading a narrative fiction text about a monkey's plight (<em>vs.</em> a narrative non-fiction text unrelated to animals) on either measure. Experiment 3 (<em>N =</em>290) compared a narrative fiction and a non-fiction text about a monkey or a lizard; participants who read a narrative fiction text, irrespective of the animal depicted, reported greater concern for animal welfare, monkey welfare, lizard welfare and nature (<em>vs.</em> a narrative non-fiction text). However, participants were no more willing to donate in the narrative fiction (<em>vs.</em> non-fiction) condition. These results suggest that reading a narrative fiction text about an animal's plight has a limited effect on concern for animal welfare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304422X22000845/pdfft?md5=8f396acd964af8cb8df12b5be32db4cd&pid=1-s2.0-S0304422X22000845-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Bestseller’ is no longer a rude word: negotiating the art/commerce balance by Czech fiction publishers","authors":"Kateřina Kirkosová","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, I focus on how major fiction publishers renegotiate the art/commerce balance in the contemporary Czech literary field and I discuss their strategies in terms of conservative and progressive variants of rules of art and rules of commerce. I show that Czech publishers face many similar challenges known from the global literary field: they feel the field is getting faster, tighter, and more money-driven. Their responses still may be specific given the differences in historical development and culture they act within. In these conditions, new aspects of shifting literary rules may emerge. Thus, the paper contributes to the discussion on the shifting and blending rules in literary fields nowadays. The study is based on Bourdieu's theoretical model of the literary field and works with 24 semi-structured interviews with publishing professionals from houses that produce fiction of various types – highbrow, commercial, Czech, and translated – and that are of sizes from small to mid-sized to large. The research was conducted from 2010-16.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47474975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An affective religious boundary tool","authors":"Andreas Melson Gregersen ,&nbsp;Geir Afdal","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines how a Copenhagen Night Church worked to affirm and bridge cultural boundaries by relating worship services to an incomprehensible corpo-affective experience and construing the atmosphere as a type of boundary object; an object that provides an interpretational flexibility while conserving an underlying common identity. It starts by exploring a public trial concerning the use of music in the Night Church. The trial forced the clergy to engage in boundary work in order to establish the Night Church events as worship services and not concerts. Most importantly, this included relating worship services and religion to an incomprehensible corpo-affective experience unmediated by meaning-making. This helped protect and transform pastoral authority as pastors emerged as theologically minded aesthetic workers just as it created a sense of coherence with an imagined religious past. However, if it helped establish a cultural border, it also afforded a crossing of cultural boundaries outside the context of the trial. Drawing on data generated from fieldwork in the Night Church, we explore how it helped position the Night Church atmosphere as a boundary quasi-object intended to connect a younger, more secular generation to religion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48125599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing openness or creeping intolerance? Cultural taste orientations and tolerant social attitudes in Finland, 2007–2018","authors":"Taru Lindblom","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper aims to determine how cultural taste and social tolerance coincide and which symbolic boundaries they relate to. The empirical analyses scrutinise three taste orientations – omnivorousness, univorousness and ‘categorical tolerance’ (Lizardo &amp; Skiles 2016) – to answer the following questions using two nationally representative surveys on cultural taste in Finland: (1) How did the cultural taste orientations change between 2007 and 2018 when considering musical like, dislike and ambivalence? (2) How do socio-political attitudes associate with cultural taste orientations and socio-economic factors, and can we observe change in these dynamics between 2007 and 2018? A longitudinal research design is used to explore whether there are changes in taste that tap to symbolic exclusion, inclusion or ambivalence. The results show that the omnivores and the univores are on many accounts situated on the opposite ends of the liberal-conservative axis. Their views deviate from each other, although the polarization in this sense has diminished in a decade. In addition to their wide-ranging taste and advantageous social position, we found the omnivores’ social attitudes to be very liberal, postmaterialist and more tolerant than the average. The absence of ambivalence among the univores suggests very rigid symbolic boundary-drawing by them. The social indistinctiveness of the categorical tolerants was quite visible, and it indeed increased over time. However, the categorical tolerants’ responses, particularly in 2018, were in most part inflated by their inability to neither agree nor disagree with the socio-political statements. Through a systematic analysis of various taste orientations over time, the study contributes to the understanding of cultural taste and symbolic boundaries by way of providing a gauge of the social, political and moral ambience in the society. The findings suggest growing tolerance in general, and decreasing polarization between the extreme taste orientations, omnivorism and univorism. However, the increased symbolic inclusion and ambivalence (of the categorical tolerants especially) are perhaps engendered by the features of modern social (media) reality, whose ubiquitous presence potentially affects how willingly people make judgements, whether social or cultural, and how much of personal values and tastes are communicated publicly in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 101663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304422X22000250/pdfft?md5=57a3e4912ec516d0345255b106b16c55&pid=1-s2.0-S0304422X22000250-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47605286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational account of symbolic boundaries in urban cultures: social network analysis of New York art world from 1940 to 1969","authors":"Hideaki Sasajima","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper examines the composition and transition of symbolic boundaries in the New York art world of painting and sculpture from 1940 to 1969 through social network analysis of inter-organizational ties between art venues. As culture-led redevelopments become more controversial in the age of neoliberal urban management, recent studies make it clear that symbolic boundaries and boundary works of urban cultures become more important topics for </span>urban studies. So far, existing research on symbolic boundaries in urban culture has focused on social class and urban organizations, such as amenities and business establishments, and have pointed to the loss of the symbolic boundary between the museum and the gallery, this paper will show that more diverse changes were occurring in addition to such changes while following the critical methods of the previous studies. Utilizing the exhibition histories of 43 prominent American avant-garde artists based in New York, I obtain affiliation network data of artists-by-art venues. Based on the affiliation data, this paper examines the social networks among art venues, such as museums, galleries and universities, using block modeling and other methods of social network analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 101688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44457709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performing Social Distancing: Culture, Scripts, and Meaningful Order in the Italian Lockdown","authors":"Andrea Cossu","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This article aims to explore the relationship between symbolic action and critical junctures by looking at early responses to the Covid-19 epidemics that broke out in Italy in late February and March 2020. In this regard, Italy's lockdown in the context of the Covid-19’s pandemic that shook the world in Spring 2020 provide material for an analysis of what happens of the relationship between processes of meaning-making and the alignment to an emerging and progressively more generalized disaster culture in an extreme condition in which the room for symbolic action becomes more and more limited. I argue that the new politics of performance that was shaped during the lockdown, with huge limitations both to the spaces of expression and to the morality of performance, can be analyzed effectively in order to to gain insight on the collective dimension of social life in a case in which there is a programmatic, top-down intervention on one of the crucial requisites for the production of symbolic action, namely, the co-presence of participants. Keywords </span>Cultural Sociology; Social Performance; Scripts; Covid-19; Contemporary Italy Funding This article was supported with funds from the “SOCDIST” strategic project of the University of Trento, 2020-2022.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 101684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44273627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequality Within omnivorous knowledge: Distribution of Jeopardy! geography questions, 1984-2020","authors":"Kyle Siler","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2022.101686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 101686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}