{"title":"The impact of corporate governance and state ownership on the default probabilities of Chinese firms","authors":"Lorne N. Switzer , Jun Wang , Yuehao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of state ownership and corporate governance mechanisms on the default risk in China since the sanctioning of default of state-owned firms in 2014. We find a positive relationship between inside ownership and default risk for both state-owned and non-state-owned firms. Institutional ownership serves as a monitoring mechanism that reduces default risk, irrespective of state ownership. Non-state-owned firms with CEO duality have higher default probabilities. Larger boards and more independent boards reduce the default probabilities of state-owned firms. Pandemic effects are less severe for state-owned firms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Net privatisation prices in Brazil","authors":"José Eusébio Santos , Corrado Andini","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Looking at Brazilian privatisations between 1991 and 2018, we investigate how net privatisation prices react to restructuring policies that are implemented before the sale as well as to private ownership structures that emerge at the sale. We innovate by accounting for restructuring and ownership at the same time and also by exploring a unique dataset that covers 139 transactions, mainly built through fieldwork. The paper provides policymakers with a “do's and don'ts” checklist to extract higher value from the sale. The checklist can be used as a policy guideline for new privatisations in Brazil and potentially in other emerging economies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed A. Ayadi, Walid Ben Omrane, Deepan Kumar Das
{"title":"Macroeconomic news, senior officials' speeches, and emerging currency markets: An intraday analysis of price jump reaction","authors":"Mohamed A. Ayadi, Walid Ben Omrane, Deepan Kumar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine intraday emerging currency jumps in response to domestic and foreign macroeconomic news announcements, as well as US senior officials' speeches. We use the robust-to-jump volatility estimator to estimate currency jumps. We provide evidence that both emerging currency jumps and cojumps exhibit significant and pronounced responses to US monetary policy and real activity news releases. Moreover, we find that domestic monetary policy and economic real activity data, and senior Federal Reserve officials' speeches, trigger significant jumps in emerging currencies, leading to large currency fluctuations that would disrupt market stability, undermining economic resilience and potentially diminishing ESG ratings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcelo Guzella , Felipe Buchbinder , Verônica Santana
{"title":"Venture capital investment in Latin America: The role of experience, distances, and network features","authors":"Marcelo Guzella , Felipe Buchbinder , Verônica Santana","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the determinants of Venture Capital (VC) firms' activity in Latin America. Using more than 10 thousand funding rounds from 2002 to 2020, we found that the status of the firm determines more frequent and larger deals. Non-redundant connections increase the odds of investing, but redundant ones explain larger amounts. Younger firms participate in more deals, but mature firms invest larger amounts. Geographic proximity explains more investments, but institutional differences (regulatory quality and rule of law) explain larger rounds. We show that forecasting models with those features are useful for asset allocation and investment promotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intangible assets, corporate tax credits and pharmaceutical establishments","authors":"Meng-Ting Chen , Zadia M. Feliciano","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Starting in the 1970s, the US government offered tax credits to US corporations doing business in Puerto Rico under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 936. Firms in the pharmaceutical industry accounted for 50% of tax credits and 20% of employment. The tax credit program was eliminated in 2006, creating a natural experiment on the impact of eliminating corporate tax credits on establishments with high levels of intangible assets such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices. We use panel data on establishments 1990–2017 and a difference in difference methodology to measure the impact of the elimination of the tax credit program. Probability of survival of all manufacturing establishments declined from 90% three years before the elimination of IRC Section 936 to close to 50% three years after. Survival rates of all manufacturing establishments declined during the phaseout and elimination of the tax credit program. Pharmaceutical and medical devices establishments experienced an additional 3.5 to 6.2% decline. Approximately two thirds of the 33% decline in pharmaceutical and medical devices establishments in Puerto Rico can be attributed to the elimination of the tax credit program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fintech innovation: Is it beneficial or detrimental to financial inclusion and financial stability? A systematic literature review and research directions","authors":"Dário A.L.M. Sant'Anna, Paulo N. Figueiredo","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Notwithstanding the financial innovations of the digital era, globally, 1.4 billion people are still excluded from the formal financial system, thus precluding them from achieving financial health and wellness. Financial innovations, such as financial technology or fintech, have gained increasing global attention as powerful tools for financial inclusion and socioeconomic development. In this study, we explore the potential of technologically-enabled financial innovation to bring unbanked segments of society into the formal financial system and the repercussions of such innovation on financial stability during the pandemic. However, the excitement around fintech has also masked its risks to the financial system and low-income people. We analyze the interrelationships among fintech, financial inclusion, and financial stability through a systematic literature review of 163 academic articles published between 2010 and 2023. We seek to fill the knowledge gaps in these subject areas by (1) mapping the fintech-driven financial inclusion field, (2) synthesizing the findings to develop a conceptual framework, and (3) discussing theoretically sound future research directions. This study is related to innovation with a focus on finance, contributing to a small but growing literature on the role of inclusive innovation and fintech-driven financial inclusion in promoting inclusive development and poverty alleviation, particularly in emerging economies. We also explore the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the interactive roles of financial capabilities and regulatory and supervisory frameworks in the interrelationships above.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic policy uncertainty and tax avoidance: International evidence","authors":"A. Athira , Vishnu K. Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigate how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) influences corporate tax avoidance using a dataset of listed firms from 22 countries spanning 1999 to 2019. Our findings align with the agency motive, showing that as EPU increases, firms tend to decrease their tax avoidance practices. Further analysis reveals that this negative relationship is particularly strong among unconstrained firms. We also observe that strong firm-level governance is associated with reduced tax avoidance during periods of heightened EPU. Furthermore, we investigate how institutional characteristics at the country level influence the relationship between EPU and firms' tax avoidance strategies. We find that firms in countries with strong governance, situated in developed economies, and adhering to stringent auditing standards are less inclined to engage in tax avoidance amid increasing EPU. Conversely, firms in countries with low GDP per capita, low governance scores, and located in emerging economies demonstrate a positive association between tax avoidance and EPU. Overall, our research highlights EPU as a key driver of corporate tax management, offering policymakers valuable insights into its potential impact on tax planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140650684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon emissions and audit fees: Evidence from emerging markets","authors":"Xin Ding, Lamia Chourou, Walid Ben-Amar","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates whether auditors integrate climate risk into audit pricing. Using a sample of firms from 11 emerging countries, we find that auditors charge higher audit fees for firms with higher carbon emissions. This positive association is stronger for firms audited by Big 4 auditors and that operate in high litigation-risk industries. The effect of climate risk is, however, weaker for firms with board oversight of climate-related issues, verification of carbon emissions, and higher climate governance scores. In additional analyses, we find that the documented impact of climate risk is weaker in emerging countries in comparison to developed ones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming-Yuan Yang , Zhen-Guo Wu , Xin Wu , Sai-Ping Li
{"title":"Influential risk spreaders and systemic risk in Chinese financial networks","authors":"Ming-Yuan Yang , Zhen-Guo Wu , Xin Wu , Sai-Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel approach of gravity strength centrality (GSC) model is proposed to identify the influential risk spreaders in Chinese financial networks. We also measure the systemic risk contribution of financial institutions via <span><math><mi>Δ</mi><mi>CoVaR</mi></math></span> and detect the relationship between the risk spreading ability and the systemic risk contribution of financial institutions. Our findings show that (i) the novel GSC model has the best performance on identifying influential risk spreaders, (ii) financial institutions with larger risk spreading ability contribute more to the systemic risk, (iii) the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly enhanced the contribution of influential risk spreaders to the systemic risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Hao , Ziqiao Wang , Xiaotao Zhang , Feng He , Xuehong Chen
{"title":"Culture imprint and gambling preference: Evidence from individual investors' trading in the Chinese stock market","authors":"Jing Hao , Ziqiao Wang , Xiaotao Zhang , Feng He , Xuehong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ememar.2024.101136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using the stock transaction records of individual investors from a large brokerage firm in China, we explore the impact of Confucian culture on the gambling preferences of individual investors. After a series of tests, we find a significant negative relationship between Confucianism and the lottery-type stock preference of individual investors, indicating that Confucian culture inhibits gambling preferences in stock investment. This effect is more pronounced for female investors, middle-aged investors and investors in regions with higher gambling sentiment. Investor risk preference mediates the relationship between Confucian culture and lottery-type stock preference.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47886,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets Review","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140781453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}